Fiber orientation distributions in slit channel flows with abrupt expansion for fiber suspensions

The lattice Boltzmann method was used to investigate numerically the fiber orientation distributions in slit channel flows with abrupt expansion for fiber suspensions even in the concentrated regime. The channels have a thin slit geometry with 1：4 and 1：3 expansions. Both the interactions between fibers and that between fibers and channel walls were taken into consideration. Some of numerical results are qualitatively in agreement with the experiment data. It is found that most of fibers are aligned in the flow direction in all the suspensions in the entrance region of the expansion. Fiber orientation distributions, having different patterns in different regions of the flow, depend on the expansion ratio of the channel. The mechanical fiber-fiber interaction largely affects the fiber orientation in the downstream of the expansion and in the salient corner for the cases of concentrated suspensions. The hydrodynamic interaction plays an important role on the fiber orientation in the dilute suspension.     

THE ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTION OF FIBER SUSPENSIONS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIP

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE PAPER:Under- standing the physical properties of fiber suspen- sions is currently of great interest in many areas . Different fromspherical particle suspensions ,the properties of fiber suspensions mostly rely on the orientation distribution of fibers due to their slen- der bodies .It is i mportant tostudythe particle ori- entation distribution of fibers suspensions during flows . In the dilute planar converging channel flow in laminar regi me , the Orienta…     

STABILITY IN THE CIRCULAR PIPE FLOW OF FIBER SUSPENSIONS

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｆｌｏｗｏｆｆｉｂｅｒｓｕｓｐｅｎｓｉｏｎｓｉｓｖｅｒｙｃｏｍｍｏｎｉｎｍａｎｙｆｉｅｌｄｓｏｆｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ,ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌａｎｄｆｏｏｄｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ .Ｉｔｉｓｎｅｃ ｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｆｌｏｗｏｆｆｉｂｅｒｓｕｓｐｅｎｓｉｏｎｓ,ｏｎｅｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ .Ｆｉｂｅｒａｄｄｉｔｉｖｅｓｍａｙ…     

RESEARCH ON DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION AND ORIENTATION TENSORS OF FIBER SUSPENSIONS IN WEDGE-SHAPED FLOW FIELD

1. INTRODUCTIONUnderstanding the rheological behavior of nondilute fiber suspensions is currently of great interest both practically and theoretically. Whenever such a flow is formed, the fibers and the fluid act on each other. The existence and motion of…     

ON INSTABILITY OF DILUTE FIBER SUSPENSIONS IN AN AXISYMMETRIC TAYLOR-COUETTE FLOW

1. INTRODUCTION The shear-driven flow between independently rotating concentric cylinders is named as Taylor- Couette flow after the standout work of Taylor in 1923 and his later research in this field. Since then,there have been alot of literatures relatedto this problem. Among them,the hydrodynamic in- stability of Taylor-Couette flowin the Newtonian fluid has been one of the most attractive topics . The review written by Tagg[1]has summarized these fruits .Inrecent years ,theinstabi…     

RESEARCH ON THE MIXING LAYER OF FIBER SUSPENSIONS AND DIRECT SIMULATION ON THE MOTION OF CYLINDRICAL PARTICLES

The mixing layer of fiber suspensions was simulated numerically with the spectral method and the fibers in the flow were traced individually with calculation. The corresponding experiments were made. The results show that the Stokes number of particles is the key parameter to determine the spatial distribution of fibers and the coherent structures control the orientation of fibers. Direct simulations of the motion of cylindrical particles were carried out via lattice Boltzmann method. It is found that the aspect ratio of particles has significant effects on the translation and rotation of the cylindrical particles. A new lattice Boltzmann method which is convenient to deal with the curved boundary is proposed.     

Optimal contract wall for desired orientation of fibers and its effect on flow behavior

The orientation of suspended fibers in the turbulent contraction is strongly related to the contraction ratio,which in some cases may be detrimental to the actual production.Here for a certain contraction ratio,the contraction geometry shape is optimized to obtain the desired fiber orientation.In view of the nonlinearity and the complexity of the turbulent flow equations,the parameterized shape curve,the dynamic mesh and a quasi-static assumption are used to model the contraction with the variable boundary and to search the optimal solution.Furthermore the Reynolds stress model and the fiber orientation distribution function are solved for various wall shapes.The fiber orientation alignment at the outlet is taken as the optimization objective.Finally the effect of the wall shape on the flow mechanism is discussed in detail.     

The effect of a curved bed on the discharge equation in a spillway with a breast wall

The flow through a breast wall spillway is greatly affected by the centripetal force due to a downstream curved profile. Therefore, the mean vertical pressure distribution at the outlet section is not consistent with the hydrostatic pressure law. This distribution in turn affects the discharge capacity of the breast wall spillway. This paper experimentally studies the effect of a convex downstream profile on the mean pressure variation and the discharge of a breast wall spillway without gates. It is indicated that the effect of the curvilinear streamline on the mean vertical pressure variation is significant. The regression analysis method is used to determine the water head effect Z o of the orifice opening through the mean pressure variation. A discharge prediction formula of the breast wall spillway is obtained under the limited conditions of a laboratory flume. The predicted discharge is compared to the measured discharge. A good agreement is evidenced for the free orifice flow with errors within ?5%, while a big error(20% or even more) is obtained if the hydrostatic pressure law is used for the determination of Zo.     

液固悬浮液中气泡生成的数值模拟

将Level Set方法与硬球离散颗粒方法相结合,建立了一个三相流混合模型。应用该模型对液固悬浮液中气泡从单孔及多孔中的形成过程进行了三维模拟,并与文献中已有的结果进行了定性比较。数值试验主要比较了在悬浮液与纯液体中的气泡生成与上升行为。模拟结果表明,颗粒的存在对气泡的形成与上升有重要影响;气泡诱导的流体流动对气泡与颗粒的运动均有显著地影响。     

多孔扩散器在宽浅江河中排放特性研究

本文以水槽试验资料为基础，分析了扩散器排放近区流场和浓度场和浓度场的主要影响参数，根据近区掺混稀释特性，采用虚拟扰动源的处理方法，给出描述扩散器排放下游流速和浓度的分布公式，该分布公式的计算结果与数值模拟，实测资料均有较好地吻合。     

大尺度散粒体周围水流结构试验研究

大尺度散粒体是山区河流常见的床面粗糙元素。为探讨大尺度散粒体形态对周围水流结构的影响规律,采用高度均为Δ的正方体、球体和四面体3种散粒体进行单体水槽试验,基于声学多普勒流速仪获得的瞬时流速资料,开展大尺度散粒体周围水流结构研究。结果表明:(1)水深h较小,h/Δ=0.9,散粒体处于非淹没状态时,其周围水流呈U形向下游扩散,正方体的横流区范围最大,球体次之,四面体最小;水深增大,h/Δ=1.8,散粒体处于淹没状态时,其周围横流将明显减弱,水流越过散粒体后在下游形成波状起伏。(2)表层合流速U_m/U随弗劳德数Fr和散粒体阻水面积的增大而增大,Fr较大时,高速区主要出现在散粒体平面形心附近,最大值可达试验流速的1.3倍,正方体、球体和四面体对应的表层U_m/U平面分布分别呈等腰梯形、钟形和菱形;强横流区位于散粒体形心两侧1.5Δ范围内,最大横流可达试验流速的19%。(3)Fr较小时,散粒体对纵向流速u/U垂线分布的影响较小,上游断面u/U与指数分布规律吻合,下游Δ处u/U垂线分布变化明显,此后u/U垂线分布逐渐恢复为指数分布;Fr增大后,散粒体对u/U垂线分布影响的差异逐渐增强,u/U垂线分布不再服从指数分布。     

基于LES的亚临界和超临界圆球绕流数值研究

三维圆球绕流是流体力学中的经典问题,国内外学者曾对此进行过许多研究,但大多局限于较低雷诺数。该文采用基于动力亚格子模型的大涡模拟对亚临界雷诺数(Re=10~4)和超临界雷诺数(Re=1.14×10~6)等高雷诺数下的圆球绕流进行了数值仿真计算。计算结果表明,得到的阻力时均值和经典Re-Cd曲线相吻合,相比于亚临界雷诺数,超临界雷诺数下近球面回流区剧烈收缩,阻力系数锐减;圆球尾流场明显偏离了中心轴(x轴),导致了侧向力的存在;球后有大尺度的规则涡从圆球表面脱落。     

崔家营枢纽下游流场模拟与鱼类水力特性偏好研究

采用原位观测试验、鱼类分布水声学探测调查与流场数值模拟相结合的方法,分析鱼类洄游对流场特性的偏好特征。构建崔家营枢纽坝下流场数值模拟模型,对洄游季枢纽不同运行条件下的下游流场进行计算,统计水深、流速等水力要素分布特征;结合同期下游鱼类集群分布探测,通过对鱼类聚集分布与流场分布特征的综合比对分析,揭示鱼类集群对流场的响应关系,提出鱼类对流场特征的偏好性曲线,为科学制定崔家营枢纽生态调度方案和其他类似生态调度工程建设提供参考和借鉴。     

基于鱼类集群及上溯通道分析的鱼道进口位置论证

为确保大渡河龚嘴水电站鱼道能够成功过鱼,基于龚嘴水电站坝下河段鱼类集群分布的水声学观测结果,结合研究河段水流条件,分析鱼类集群分布特征,并根据主要过鱼对象关于水力学因子的适宜性特征,提取坝下河段鱼类主要上溯通道,论证龚嘴水电站鱼道进口布置方案。结果表明:坝下河段鱼类垂向分布范围为1.15~11.62 m,主要分布在中下层水域;鱼群主要集中在河段中上游区域;鱼类上溯通道分布于靠近两侧河岸的水域,流速为0.1~1.2 m/s;在北纬29.290°~29.292°范围内,存在横跨整个河宽的鱼类集中分布区域,说明该区域内流场条件能够较好地满足河段过鱼对象的上溯需求。本研究从鱼类集群及上溯通道分布两个方面对鱼道进口布置进行论证,提出较合理的鱼道进鱼口位置,研究结果可为其他水电站鱼道进口布置提供参考。     

渐缩（扩）直圆管中的发展流动

本文采用摄动方法推导了渐缩和渐扩直圆管中定常发展流动的速度，壁面剪应力和阻力系数的分布公式，讨论了这两种管道入口长度。结果表明，渐变管中发展流动较安全发展流动有很大的不同，对均匀来流的情形，在发展流动区域同，速度分布较均匀，轴心速度降低，壁面剪应力和阻力系数增大。和直圆管相比，入口长度亦有所不同。     

基于生态学与水力学的水电站鱼道进口位置优化研究

为了合理布置鱼道进口,基于生态学与水力学理论和数值模拟方法,计算了某大型水电站下 游河道流场分布情况,结合过鱼对象的游泳能力和生活习性,划分了适宜布置鱼道进口的河道区域。 结果表明: 尾水渠内流态较为复杂,存在不同程度的环流或横向回流。随着机组增加,下游河道断 面流速增大,最大值可达 1. 4 m /s,但左岸位置始终存在低流速带,有利于布置鱼道进口。不同机 组组合发电运行工况下,下游河道流速分布与量值存在较大差异,需要布置 4 个鱼道进口以适应 不同运行工况。通过加设不透水丁坝的河道整治方案,左岸岸边流场得到改善,鱼类适宜聚集区 域得到集中,从而将鱼道进口布置数量优化为 3 个。研究思路和优化方法可为鱼道工程进口布置 提供参考。     

涡旋管内强旋湍流气固两相流的数值模拟

本文建立了基于一种合理考虑湍流-离心力相互作用的新的代数Peynolds应力模型和颗粒随机轨道模型的强旋湍流气固两相流动数学模型。应用该模型对新型涡旋管内的强度湍流气固两相流进行了数值模拟，揭示了涡旋管内气固两相湍流流动的基本特性以及改变切向出口气体流率对流动的影响。     

河岸边坡对抛投沙袋落点规律影响的试验研究

通过概化水槽试验,分析了有河岸边坡情况下开底驳船和翻板船抛投沙袋的漂移、偏移落距和落点范围规律,并研究了不同抛投方式的影响。试验结果表明:河岸边坡的存在会导致沙袋发生滑动或滚动,增加沙袋的漂移和偏移落距,且坡度越大,沙袋在顺水流方向的落点越分散;沙袋平均漂移落距随流速的增大而增大,流速较大时,边坡坡度变化对沙袋漂移落距影响较小,流速较小时,开底驳船抛投时沙袋平均漂移落距随边坡坡度的增大而增大,翻板船抛投沙袋在顺水流方向的落点越集中;开底驳船抛投方式比翻板船抛投方式的沙袋落点更分散,但落点范围相差不大。     

Influence of module configuration and hydrodynamics in water clarification by immersed membrane systems.

Different immersed membrane systems were compared according to the module configuration. Filtering concentrated aqueous suspensions under constant permeate flux, the hydraulic performances of the systems were evaluated and compared through parameters such as critical permeate flux notion and trans-membrane pressure variation rates. Operational variables were membrane size and module fibre density, aeration inside or outside the fibre network, suspension concentration and physico-chemical conditioning. When using hollow fibres including a possible air injection inside the fibre network, results pointed out the positive role of the aeration on the fouling control. But too high a fibre density did not allow an optimal control when the aqueous suspension was very concentrated. On the other hand, when working with capillary membranes showing sufficient space between fibres, the major parameters were the transversal suspension flow circulation through the fibre network and the FeCl3 conditioning of the suspension. Experimental results show a possible working at a 0.07 m3 x m2 x h(1) permeate flow rate under low TMP evolutions, 0.02 Pa/s, even if the filtration was operated under high concentrated suspension, 5kgSS/m3.     

沙纹床面涡量特性实验研究

沙纹的形成与水流流态密切相关,但对于其相互关系至今尚无确定的结论。采用PIV（Particle Image Velocimetry）测量设备对沙纹床面水流特性及涡量特性进行了实验研究。通过对平床与沙纹床面涡量场的比较,得到了沙纹床面的涡量分布区域。结果表明,涡量较大值主要集中在沙纹的背水坡面与迎水坡带,之外区域涡量值约为零。结论对研究沙纹的形成有积极意义。 