强制气流作用下溶液蒸发过程的传质规律

针对强制气流作用下溶液的蒸发过程,在分析气液相间力学特性的基础上,根据Levich涡流衰减理论和边界层理论,将气流流动状态与相间传质结合,研究了湍流气流横掠液面过程中气液相间的传质变化规律,分析了雷诺数、气流流道结构及普朗特混合长度对传质的影响,得到了气液相间的湍流质扩散系数的变化规律,湍流气流横掠液面条件下的对流传质准则数Sh=0.221Sc1/3Rex1/2. 结果表明,湍流扩散系数、传质系数与气流的流动状态密切相关,气流流道结构对气液相间的传质有重要影响.     

错流降膜液体干燥剂除湿/再生传热传质数学模型及分析

分析了错流降膜液体干燥剂除湿及再生传热传质过程 ,建立了基于实际除湿系统的描述再生和除湿过程的数学模型 ,考虑到除湿过程中产生的热效应 ,以氯化钙溶液为除湿剂时 ,对气侧和液侧的传热传质系数进行了理论和数值求解 .计算结果表明 ,传热传质系数与气流流动状态、除湿剂的热物理性质等因素有关     

一串上升气泡周围流体的湍动特性(英文)

The turbulence behavior of gas-liquid two-phase flow plays an important role in heat transfer and mass transfer in many chemical processes. In this work, a 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to investigate the turbulent characteristic of fluid induced by a chain of bubbles rising in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The instantaneous flow field, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and TKE dissipation rate were measured. The results demonstrated that the TKE profiles were almost symmetrical along the column center and showed higher values in the central region of the column. The TKE was enhanced with the increase of gas flow and decrease of liquid viscosity. The maximum TKE dissipation rate appeared on both sides of the bubble chain, and increased with the increase of gas flow rate or liquid viscosity. These results provide an understanding for gas-liquid mass transfer in non-Newtonian fluids.     

沉浸式汽化器壳程流体传热实验与数值模拟

沉浸式汽化器广泛应用于LNG接收站调峰系统,其中壳程水浴流动传热特性是影响汽化器换热效率的关键因素。为此,利用可视化实验研究与数值模拟两种手段研究了初始水位高度、烟气进气量和进气温度对水浴传热系数的影响规律。研究结果表明：壳程水浴能够吸收烟气携带的显热和水蒸汽冷凝释放的潜热,排烟温度与水浴平衡温度基本相当;水浴在大量换热气泡诱导作用下,通过围堰溢流形成的循环水流能有效冲刷管壁,减薄流动边界层,起到强化传热作用;初始水位高度和进气量匹配关系影响水浴溢流情况,溢流后水浴传热系数明显增加;燃料量和空气量配比情况影响烟气温度和水浴湍流动能,水浴湍流动能较小时,即使烟气进气温度增加水浴传热系数反而减小。本研究可以为沉浸式汽化器的设计提供参考。     

并流降膜塔液相传质系数实验研究

水吸收含１０％ＣＯ２的混合气为体系，测定了并流降膜塔中液相传质系数与气液相流量的关系。液相传质系数与液相流量基本呈线性关系。在较低气相流量情况下，液相传质系数ｋＬ随气相流量的增加而增大，但当气相流量超过某一定值时，随着气相流量的增加反而减小。     

煤油和空气的混合物水平管内冷凝换热

引　言不凝气体存在于蒸汽中会严重削弱凝结换热效果已是众所周知的事实 ,在空气的质量含量只有0 .5 %时 ,大空间凝结换热系数就下降 5 0 % [1] ,这是在蒸汽为静止状态下得到的 .罗棣等[2 ] 用水蒸气 -空气在波纹竖槽管内进行冷凝换热的研究 .Ｓｐａｒｒｏｗ等[3] 关于水蒸气 -空气在水平管外的冷凝研究表明 ,对于不同的冷凝换热表面 ,不同混合气体的流速对于含不凝气体的冷凝换热有着不可忽视的影响 .煤油是多组分物质 ,而且随温度和压力的不同气态组分也不同 ,相应的煤油蒸气的冷凝过程是不等温等压过程 .关于煤油蒸气冷凝换热的实验研…     

临界条件(0℃)下溶液蒸发冷冻过程中的传质规律

通过对相际间力学特性的分析,结合湍流的流动特征,考虑了冰体存在孔隙和毛细作用,给出了临界条件(0℃)湿度差驱动下溶液蒸发冷冻过程中的质扩散分析模型,并对溶液在不同状态下(液态、液固共存和固态)气流界面间的质扩散变化规律进行了研究,结果表明,随着溶液从液态向固态的转变,其表面质扩散系数逐渐减小,即表面质扩散能力逐渐减弱,因此,对于溶液自身蒸发冻结过程而言,为了强化溶液表面的质传递和冻结,应控制冻结过程中溶液表面的结冰状况。这一研究结果为蒸发冷冻传质的研究以及强化蒸发冻结的工程应用提供了理论指导和参考。     

Etude numérique de l'évaporation dans un courant d'air humide laminaire et turbulent d'un film d'eau ruisselant sur une plaque inclinée

The authors have proposed an appropriate model based on the liquid film transfer equations which are one‐dimensional, partially two‐dimensional and two‐dimensional. They have compared their results with those of other works and studied the influence of the liquid mass flow rate and the inclined angle. They have shown that the interracial heat transfer is dominated by the latent heat transfer; the contribution of the sensible heat is only important in the turbulent region where the interfacial temperature and the evaporating mass flux are practically constant and the thickness of the liquid film is uniform. For the adiabatic plate, the liquid mass flow rate and the inclined angle have no influence on the transfers. For the isothermal or the heated plate, the liquid mass flow rate essentially influences the turbulent region by reducing the interrfacial temperature and the heat and mass transfer coefficients. However, the inclination angle affects mainly the laminar region by increasing the interfacial velocity, reducing the film thickness and has little effects on the transfer coefficients.     

Mass transfer in trickle-bed reactors at low reynolds number

Mass transfer rates were determined in a 3.4 cm i.d. trickle-bed reactor in the absence of reaction by absorption measurements and in presence of reaction. Gas flow rates were varied from 0-100 l/h and liquid flow rates from 0-1.5 l/h. The catalyst particles were crushed to an average diameter of 0.054 and 0.09 cm. Mass transfer coefficients remained unaffected by change in gas flow rate but increased with liquid rate. The data from absorption measurements were evaluated with predictions based upon plug-flow and axial dispersion model. Mass transfer coefficients were found greater in case of axial dispersion model than that of plug-flow model specially at low Reynolds number (Re₁ < 1).Hydrogenation of α-methylstyrene to cumene using a Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst was taken as a model reaction. Intrinsic kinetic studies were made in a laboratory-stirred-autoclave. Mass transfer coefficients were determined using these intrinsic kinetic data from the process kinetic measurements in trickle-bed reactor. Mass transfer coefficients under reaction conditions were found to be considerably higher than those obtained by absorption measurements.Correlations were suggested for predicting mass transfer coefficients at low Reynolds number.The gas to liquid mass transfer coefficients for lower gas and liquid flow rates were determined in a laboratory trickle-bed reactor. The effect of axial dispersion on mass transfer was considered in order to evaluate the experimental data. Three correlations were formulated to calculate the mass transfer coefficients, which included the effect of liquid loading, particle size and the properties of the reacting substances. The gas flow rate influences the gas to liquid mass transfer only in the region of low gas velocities. In the additional investigations of gas to liquid mass transfer without reaction in trickle-bed reactor, the mass transfer coefficients were determined under reaction conditions and the intrinsic kinetics was studied in a laboratory scale stirred autoclave with suspended catalyst. A few correlations are formulated for the mass transfer coefficients. A comparison with the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient obtained by absorption measurements showed considerable deviations, which were illustrated phenomenologically.     

微通道内MEA/MDEA混合溶液吸收CO2的传质特性

研究了T形微通道内N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）和单乙醇胺（MEA）混合水溶液吸收CO₂的传质过程。考察了弹状流型下气液两相流量、MEA和MDEA浓度对液侧传质系数k_L和体积传质系数k_La的影响。液侧传质系数和体积传质系数均会随着MEA浓度的升高而升高。与MEA相比,MDEA浓度的提高对传质影响较小。传质系数会随着液体流量的增大而增大,但气体流量的变化对其影响较小。体积传质系数随液体流量的增大而增大,但随气体流量的增大先增大,之后趋于稳定。考虑到化学反应对传质的强化作用,引入了Hatta数,提出了一个新的体积传质系数预测式,预测效果良好。     

竖直微肋管内LNG流动沸腾传热特性的分析

实验研究了竖直微肋管内液化天然气(LNG)流动沸腾传热特性,分析热通量、质量流量以及入口压力对LNG两相流动传热特性的影响。针对实验工况分别采用Kim关联式、Koyama关联式以及两种不同F_tp系数的Wellsandt关联式对传热系数进行预测,并将实验结果与预测结果进行比较。结果表明,在整个实验工况范围内,采用Koyama关联式预测准确性最好。     

Gas-liquid mass transfer in bubble columns with a T-junction nozzle for gas dispersion

Bubble break-up, gas holdup, and the gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient are studied in a bubble column reactor with simultaneous injection of a gas and liquid through a T-junction nozzle. The theoretical dependence of bubble break-up and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient on liquid velocity in the nozzle is developed on the basis of isotropic turbulence theory. It is shown that correlations which are developed based on liquid jet kinetic power per nozzle volume explain average gas holdup and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient within an error of 15% for all gas and liquid flow rates and nozzle diameters used. Experiments with a larger scale column, height 4.64 m and diameter 0.98 m, show a transition from homogeneous to heterogeneous flow at a certain liquid flow rate through the nozzle. Liquid composition was found to have a significant effect on gas-liquid mass transfer. A phenol concentration of 10–30 mg/l in water increases the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of oxygen by 100%. This phenomenon may have significance in the chemical oxidation of wastewater.     

Simulation of heat and mass transfer in spray chambers

A physicochemical model has been constructed for heat and mass transfer between the gas and the liquid drops in a spray chamber. The model takes into account the effect of the Stefan flow on mass transfer at high vapor contents of the gas and on the variability of the drop mass due to phase transitions. An approximate formula is presented for deriving the drop surface temperature from the mass-average drop temperature and the thermophysical parameters of the liquid and the gas-vapor flow. The calculated data are compared with available experimental data.     

微通道内气-液传质研究

以CO₂-H₂O为模型体系，实验考察了当量直径为667 μm的单通道和16个并行通道内的气-液传质行为.实验发现，液体表观速度增加，单通道内液侧体积传质系数明显提高;同一液体表观速度下，液侧体积传质系数随气体表观速度增加而增加;在实验数据基础上关联了液侧体积传质系数与气-液两相流参数间的关系.微通道内的液侧体积传质系数较常规尺度气-液接触设备至少高1～2个数量级.并讨论了并行微通道内气-液两相流分配特性对整体传质性能的影响，表明合理设计气、液流动分布结构，可保证微通道内优异的传质特性.     

An Analytical Study of Thermophoretic Particulate Deposition in Turbulent Pipe Flows

The presence of a cold surface in non-isothermal pipe flows conveying submicron particles causes thermophoretic particulate deposition. In this study, an analytical method is developed to estimate thermophoretic particulate deposition efficiency and its effect on overall heat transfer coefficient of pipe flows in transition and turbulent flow regimes. The proposed analytical solution has been validated against experiments conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Exhaust gas carrying submicron soot particles was passed through pipes with a constant wall temperature and various designed boundary conditions to correlate transition and turbulent flow regimes. Prediction of the reduction in heat transfer coefficient and particulate mass deposited has been compared with experiments. The results of the analytical method are in a reasonably good agreement with experiments.     

水煤浆气化炉激冷室下降管内流动与传热数学模拟

引　言由于工程经验不足及技术方面的原因 ,煤气化设备经常出现故障而导致工厂被迫停产 ,从而造成巨大的经济损失[1] .而煤气化设备中的核心设备气化炉是易损坏的设备 .经分析 ,气化炉激冷室结构设计不够合理 .本文以水煤浆气化炉激冷室为研究对象 ,采用ｋ ε模型[2 ] 、四通量     

Mass transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics in a co‐current downflow contacting column

Hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of water–air system in a co‐current downflow contacting column (CDCC) were studied for various nozzle diameters at different superficial gas velocities and liquid re‐circulation rates. Gas hold‐up and liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient increased with increasing superficial gas velocity and liquid flow rate but decreased with increasing nozzle diameter. It is shown that correlations developed, which are based on liquid kinetic power per liquid volume present in the column, and superficial gas velocity explains gas hold‐up and the mass transfer coefficient within an error 20% for all gas and liquid flow rates and nozzle diameters used. The constants of correlations for gas hold‐up and mass transfer coefficient were found to be considerably different from other gas–liquid contacting systems. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Mixed convection heat and Mass transfer in a vertical channel with film evaporation

Numerical results are presented for effects of latent heat transport associated with film vaporization on laminar mixed convection heat and mass transfer in a vertical channel with a half channel width b = 0.01 m. The influences of the inlet liquid mass flowrate and wall temperature on the film vaporization and the associated heat and mass transfer characteristics are examined for air-water and air-ethanol systems with gas Reynolds number Re_g = 2000. Predicted results obtained by including transport in the liquid film are contrasted with those where liquid film transport is neglected, showing that the assumption of an extremely thin film made in Lin et al. (1988) and Yan and Lin (1989) is only valid for systems having small liquid mass flow rates. Additionally, it is found that the interfacial heat flux is predominantly determined by latent heat transfer connected with film evaporation.