三维正交机织玄武岩/芳纶混编复合材料的拉伸和剪切性能研究

本文设计和制作了两种混杂模式的三维正交机织玄武岩/芳纶混编复合材料,分别是层间混杂和层内混杂模式。对其拉伸性能和剪切性能进行了测试和分析,结果表明,层内混杂复合材料的拉伸性能和剪切性能比层间混杂复合材料的好,层内混杂复合材料的归一化强度和归一化模量分别比层间混杂复合材料的高22.12%和16.9%,层内混杂复合材料的剪切强度和剪切模量分别比层间混杂复合材料的高19.61%和26.03%;对于层间混杂复合材料,纬向的归一化强度比经向的高4.06%,但厚度方向上纱线的存在和织造工艺中经纱预加张力的影响,使纬向的归一化模量比经向的降低11.44%。     

热空气老化对PBO/T700层间混杂复合材料力学性能的影响

分别利用材料万能试验机和DMA研究了热空气老化对PBO/T700层间混杂复合材料静态力学性能和动态力学行为的影响。静态力学性能测试结果表明,经热空气老化不同时间后,PBO/T700层间混杂复合材料的拉伸强度和压缩强度均出现了一定程度的下降,最大降幅分别为12.7%和6.9%,拉伸模量从126 GPa增大到145 GPa,弯曲强度、弯曲模量和层间剪切强度变化较小。DMA测试结果表明,热空气老化使PBO/T700层间混杂复合材料的耐热性和刚性提高,随着老化时间的增加,E'向低温方向移动,E″向高温方向移动,说明复合材料的耐热性和刚性又开始下降。     

三维五向编织玻纤/碳纤环氧树脂混杂复合材料冲击性能和冲击后弯曲性能研究

该文研究了三维五向玻纤/碳纤编织混杂复合材料的冲击性能和冲击后弯曲性能,对试样分别进行了落锤冲击试验和三点弯曲试验。研究表明,通过落锤冲击试样发现,冲击后冲击面的损伤比背面的损伤低,冲击背面裂纹主要沿纵向扩展;通过弯曲性能测试得出碳纤维的加入使玻璃纤维复合材料的弯曲模量提高;当轴纱排布为CF∶GF∶CF时,混杂复合材料的抗冲击性能最好,材料的抗冲击性能与混杂方式有关。     

双轴向经编和三维正交机织增强复合材料拉伸性能实验研究

为对比双轴向经编和三维正交机织玻纤复合材料沿0°和90°方向拉伸性能,分别以0°/90°双轴向经编织物和三维正交机织物为增强体,E-2511-1A环氧树脂/2511-1BT固化剂为基体,通过VARTM成型,测试试样沿0°和90°拉伸性能。结果表明,该双轴向经编复合材料仅在0°方向拉伸强度和当量强度略高,弹性模量和当量模量均弱于三维正交机织复合材料,这与增强体纱线线密度和织造密度紧密相关。复合材料拉伸断裂截面显示,三维正交机织物内Z纱有效改善了双轴向经编复合材料易拉伸分层失效和断裂截面处纤维抽拔、脱粘等问题。     

玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺性能的研究

以通用聚酰胺为基体,利用短切玻璃纤维(事先用硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理)对其进行共混改性。研究了玻纤含量分布对复合材料力学性能的影响,扫描电镜分析了玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺复合材料的断面特征。当玻璃纤维用量约为30%时,材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量和弯曲强度、弯曲模量最好,这时的拉伸强度、弹性模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别增长了45.8%、100.1%5、7.1%和110.4%,冲击强度为5.3 kJ.cm-2。玻璃纤维改善复合材料的界面状况,有提高聚酰胺复合材料力学性能的作用,因为玻纤表面能够与聚酰胺之间形成紧密的结合。     

玻璃纤维布/苎麻纤维布混杂增强不饱和聚酯树脂的研究

采用玻璃纤维布与苎麻纤维布混杂增强不饱和聚酯(UP)树脂制备复合材料,研究玻纤布与苎麻布的相对比例及偶联剂处理对复合材料力学性能的影响,研究了不同复合材料的吸水性并与玻璃纤维复合材料和苎麻纤维复合材料二者进行了比较。结果表明,混杂纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量随混杂纤维中苎麻布含量的增加而下降,弯曲强度及弯曲模量在混杂纤维中苎麻布与玻纤布的比例为10∶20和15∶15时分别达到最大值188.09 MPa和1.56 GPa;所有偶联剂处理均可明显改善复合材料的拉伸模量及弯曲模量,硅烷类偶联剂的效果更佳,NDZ401可使复合材料的拉伸强度得到最大幅度(37.66%)的提高,而KH570及NDZ401对改善弯曲强度效果最佳;复合材料吸水后,厚度变化率大于宽度变化率,温度升高,复合材料吸水后尺寸变化率及吸水率均增大,混杂纤维复合材料的吸水率与玻纤布复合材料的吸水率相近,远低于苎麻布复合材料的吸水率。     

风电叶片用碳/玻层内混杂VARI成型复合材料结构与性能研究

采用真空辅助树脂灌注成型(VARI)工艺制备碳纤维/玻璃纤维(碳/玻)层内混杂织物的复合材料层合板,系统研究了不同混杂比的层内混杂复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明,随着碳纤维含量的增加,碳/玻层内混杂复合材料的0°拉伸强度逐渐增加而90°拉伸强度稍有下降;0°压缩强度和压缩模量均有上升;弯曲强度稍有降低而弯曲模量逐渐升高;层内剪切强度几乎维持不变;混杂复合材料的储能模量在混杂比达到1∶1时最高,随碳纤维含量继续增加而下降,碳纤维含量的提高也使混杂复合材料的内耗峰明显下降,界面阻尼降低;扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料90°拉伸断裂截面发现,不同混杂比的层内混杂复合材料中环氧树脂对纤维浸润充分,几乎没有观察到纤维拔出与基体的气孔缺陷。     

PBO/T700层间混杂复合材料弯曲及压缩性能研究

研究了PBO纤维与T700碳纤维层间混杂复合材料的弯曲性能和压缩性能。利用材料万能试验机研究了混杂复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量、压缩强度和压缩模量随混杂比的变化情况,同时对混杂复合材料的弯曲破坏和压缩破坏模式进行了研究。研究结果表明,混杂工艺能够使PBO纤维复合材料的弯曲强度从542MPa增大到1120MPa,压缩强度从233.2MPa增大到702MPa;PBO纤维复合材料和T700碳纤维复合材料弯曲和压缩试样的破坏模式分别表现为典型的韧性破坏和脆性破坏,PBO/T700层间混杂复合材料的弯曲和压缩破坏模式随着混杂比增大,逐渐从韧性破坏转变为脆性破坏。     

一种增强PC树脂用高折射率玻璃纤维性能研究

详细对比研究了一种高折射率玻璃纤维的光学性能、力学性能以及对PC树脂的增强效果.结果表明,这种玻璃纤维的折射率达到了1.585左右,拉伸强度超过2700 MPa,拉伸模量超过92 GPa,增强PC树脂时,复合材料透光率提高了6倍以上,拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量均提高5％以上,综合性能明显优于普通玻璃纤维.     

三维机织间隔复合材料结构对其力学性能的影响

以玻璃纤维为原料,设计3种不同结构的三维机织间隔织物,采用手糊成型工艺制备三维机织间隔复合材料,研究了其在压缩、剪切、弯曲等载荷作用下的力学特性,并分析了材料结构对其力学性能的影响。结果表明,相同高度(20 mm)、相同间隔(30 mm)的3种三维机织间隔复合材料的压缩强度和剪切强度均表现为:三维纤维间隔复合材料<"X"型间隔复合材料<三维织物间隔复合材料,其压缩强度分别为0.52,0.72,1.66 MPa,剪切强度分别为0.22,0.28,0.36 MPa;3种三维机织间隔复合材料的弯曲强度基本相同,均为4.30 MPa左右。     

Mechanical properties of natural fiber hybrid composites based on renewable thermoset resins derived from soybean oil,for use in technical applications

Natural fiber composites are known to have lower mechanical properties than glass or carbon fiber reinforced composites. The hybrid natural fiber composites prepared in this study have relatively good mechanical properties. Different combinations of woven and non‐woven flax fibers were used. The stacking sequence of the fibers was in different orientations, such as 0°, +45°, and 90°. The composites manufactured had good mechanical properties. A tensile strength of about 119 MPa and Young's modulus of about 14 GPa was achieved, with flexural strength and modulus of about 201 MPa and 24 GPa, respectively. For the purposes of comparison, composites were made with a combination of woven fabrics and glass fibers. One ply of a glass fiber mat was sandwiched in the mid‐plane and this increased the tensile strength considerably to 168 MPa. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed in order to determine the storage and loss modulus and the glass transition temperature of the composites. Microstructural analysis was done with scanning electron microscopy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Development and application of triglyceride-based polymers and composites

Triglyceride oils derived from plants have been used to synthesize several different monomers for use in structural applications. These monomers have been found to form polymers with a wide range of physical properties. They exhibit tensile moduli in the 1–2 GPa range and glass transition temperatures in the range 70–120 °C, depending on the particular monomer and the resin composition. Composite materials were manufactured utilizing these resins and produced a variety of durable and strong materials. At low glass fiber content (35 wt %), composites produced from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil by resin transfer molding displayed a tensile modulus of 5.2 GPa, a flexural modulus of 9 GPa, a tensile strength of 129 MPa, and flexural strength of 206 MPa. At higher fiber contents (50 wt %) composites produced from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil displayed tensile and compression moduli of 24.8 GPa each, and tensile and compressive strengths of 463.2 and 302.6 MPa, respectively. In addition to glass fibers, natural fibers such as flax and hemp were used. Hemp composites of 20% fiber content displayed a tensile strength of 35 MPa and a tensile modulus of 4.4 GPa. The flexural modulus was ∼2.6 GPa and the flexural strength was in the range 35.7–51.3 MPa, depending on the test conditions. The flax composite materials had tensile and flexural strengths in the ranges 20–30 and 45–65 MPa, respectively. The properties exhibited by both the natural- and synthetic fiber-reinforced composites can be combined through the production of “hybrid” composites. These materials combine the low cost of natural fibers with the high performance of synthetic fibers. Their properties lie between those displayed by the all-glass and all-natural composites. Characterization of the polymer properties also presents opportunities for improvement through genetic engineering technology. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 703–723, 2001     

The Preparation and Characterization of Silk/Gelatin Biocomposites

There is a growing interest in the use of composite materials. Silk fiber/gelatin biocomposites were fabricated using compression molding. The fiber content in the composite varied from 10–30 wt%. Composite containing 30 wt% silk showed the best mechanical properties. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, bending strength, bending modulus and impact strength, hardness of the 30% silk content composites were found 54 MPa, 0.95 GPa, 75 MPa and 0.43 GPa and 5.4 kJ/m², 95.5 Shore A, respectively. Water uptake properties at room temperature, accelerated weathering aging, irradiation, thermomechanical analysis, and degradation in soil were carried out in this experiment.     

碳玻混编单向复合材料的性能分析

采用碳纤维质量含量分别为7.4%、10.7%、13.8%的三种碳玻层间混编单向织物制备了纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料,分析了该类材料的力学性能与工艺性能。结果表明:碳玻层间混编复合材料的0°拉伸模量和0°压缩模量均随碳纤维含量的提高而升高,掺入碳纤维后碳玻混杂复合材料的0°拉伸强度比纯玻纤复合材料的有所降低,但随碳纤维含量的增加而升高,碳玻层间混编复合材料的0°压缩强度则没有明显的变化规律;掺入碳纤维后,碳玻层间混编复合材料的90°拉伸强度和模量均有所下降;低碳纤维含量的碳玻层间混编单向织物具有良好的Z向渗透性能。该类新材料未来有望在风电叶片结构减重和成本优化上发挥重要作用。     

Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of soybean oil thermoset reinforced with jute fabrics and carded lyocell fiber

Composites and hybrid composites were manufactured from renewable materials based on jute fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers (Lyocell), and thermosetting polymer from soybean oil. Three different types of jute fabrics with biaxial weave architecture but different surface weights, and carded Lyocell fiber were used as reinforcements. Hybrid composites were also manufactured by combining the jute reinforcements with the Lyocell. The Lyocell composite was found to have better mechanical properties than other composites. It has tensile strength and modulus of about 144 MPa and 18 GPa, respectively. The jute composites also have relatively good mechanical properties, as their tensile strengths and moduli were found to be between 65 and 84 MPa, and between 14 and 19 GPa, respectively. The Lyocell‐reinforced composite showed the highest flexural strength and modulus, of about 217 MPa and 13 GPa, respectively. In all cases, the hybrid composites in this study showed improved mechanical properties but lower storage modulus. The Lyocell fiber gave the highest impact strength of about 35 kJ/m², which could be a result of its morphology. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the Lyocell reinforced composite has the best viscoelastic properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Thermal,Mechanical and Morphological Characterization of Jute/Gelatin Composites

Jute fabrics/gelatin biocomposites were fabricated using compression molding. The fiber content in the composite varied from 20–60 wt%. Composites were subjected to mechanical, thermal, water uptake and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Composite contained 50 wt% jute showed the best mechanical properties. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, bending strength, bending modulus and impact strength of the 50% jute content composites were found to be 85 MPa, 1.25 GPa, 140 MPa and 9 GPa and 9.5 kJ/m², respectively. Water uptake properties at room temperature were evaluated and found that the composites had lower water uptake compared to virgin matrix.     

纤维束丝数对平纹编织C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

通过对2种丝束平纹编织碳纤维布增强SiC（C/SiC）复合材料的力学性能实验,研究了纤维束丝数（1 k和3 k）对复合材料性能的影响.实验结果表明：1 k C/SiC复合材料的拉伸模量、拉伸强度、压缩模量、压缩强度、面内剪切强度和弯曲强度分别为90.8 GPa,281.8 MPa,135.8 GPa,452.2 MPa,464.3 MPa和126.8 MPa,分别比3 k C/SiC高39%,15.8%,25%,132%,29.3%和30.2%.纤维束粗细不同是导致纤维束弯曲度和复合材料孔隙率差异的主要原因,对压缩强度的影响最大,对拉伸强度的影响最小.     

Processing and mechanical performance of 3D Cf/SiCN composites prepared by polymer impregnation and pyrolysis

The processing of 3D carbon fiber reinforced SiCN ceramic matrix composites prepared by polymer impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) route was improved, and factors that determined the mechanical performance of the resulting composites were discussed. 3D C_f/SiCN composites with a relative density of ∼81% and uniform microstructure were obtained after 6 PIP cycles. The optimum bending strength, Young's modulus and fracture toughness of the composites were 75.2 MPa, 66.3 GPa and 1.65 MPa m^1/2, respectively. The residual strength retention rate of the as-pyrolyzed composites was 93.3% after thermal shock test at ΔT = 780 °C. It further degraded to 14.6% when the thermal shock temperature difference reached to 1180 °C. The bending strength of the composites was 35.6 MPa after annealing at 1000 °C in static air. The deterioration of the bending strength should be attributed to the strength degradation of carbon fibers and decomposition of interfacial structure.