溶剂脱氮-白土精制组合工艺提高润滑油基础油氧化安定性的研究

针对目前我国润滑油基础油的质量状况，开发了新型脱氮剂和溶剂脱氮-白土精制组合工艺，进行了润滑油基础油的脱氮研究，考察了脱氮工艺条件对脱氮率及精制油理化性质的影响。结果表明：溶剂脱氮-白土精制组合工艺可以选择性地脱除基础油中的含氮化合物，显著提高油品的氧化安定性。脱氮精制油的硫含量和其它理化性质脱氮前后变化不大。     

A STUDY ON COMPOSITIONS OF CATALYTIC STOCKS FROM LIAOHE OIL

The fraction compositions, group compositions and structure compositions of seven catalytic stocks were determined by means of vacuum distillation, mass spectrum, element analysis and molecular mass measurement. The effects of the compositions of different catalytic stocks on catalytic cracking reactions were discussed. It is shown that tae gum and asphaltene in the seven catalytic stocks were not very high except residual oil; The saturated hydrocarbon in the seven were all higher; Aromatic contents were lower except slurry oil and recycle oil, therefore, the seven catalytic stocks except slurry oil and recycle oil are all good feedings to catalytic cracking unit. The results also show Liaohe oil turns heavier from low sulphur middle-paraffin base to low sulphur naphthene-middle base.     

A STUDY ON COMPOSITIONS OF CATALYTIC STOCKS FROM LIAOHE OIL

The fraction compositions, group compositions and structure compositions of seven catalytic stocks were determined by means of vacuum distillation, mass spectrum, element analysis and molecular mass measurement. The effects of the compositions of different catalytic stocks on catalytic cracking reactions were discussed. It is shown that tae gum and asphaltene in the seven catalytic stocks were not very high except residual oil; The saturated hydrocarbon in the seven were all higher; Aromatic contents were lower except slurry oil and recycle oil, therefore, the seven catalytic stocks except slurry oil and recycle oil are all good feedings to catalytic cracking unit. The results also show Liaohe oil turns heavier from low sulphur middle-paraffin base to low sulphur naphthene-middle base.     

A STUDY ON COMPOSITIONS OF CATALYTIC STOCKS FROM LIAOHE OIL

ABSTRACT

The fraction compositions, group compositions and structure compositions of seven catalytic stocks were determined by means of vacuum distillation, mass spectrum, element analysis and molecular mass measurement. The effects of the compositions of different catalytic stocks on catalytic cracking reactions were discussed. It is shown that tae gum and asphaltene in the seven catalytic stocks were not very high except residual oil; The saturated hydrocarbon in the seven were all higher; Aromatic contents were lower except slurry oil and recycle oil, therefore, the seven catalytic stocks except slurry oil and recycle oil are all good feedings to catalytic cracking unit. The results also show Liaohe oil turns heavier from low sulphur middle-paraffin base to low sulphur naphthene-middle base.     

A STUDY ON COMPOSITIONS OF CATALYTIC STOCKS FROM LIAOHE OIL

ABSTRACT

The fraction compositions, group compositions and structure compositions of seven catalytic stocks were determined by means of vacuum distillation, mass spectrum, element analysis and molecular mass measurement. The effects of the compositions of different catalytic stocks on catalytic cracking reactions were discussed. It is shown that tae gum and asphaltene in the seven catalytic stocks were not very high except residual oil; The saturated hydrocarbon in the seven were all higher; Aromatic contents were lower except slurry oil and recycle oil, therefore, the seven catalytic stocks except slurry oil and recycle oil are all good feedings to catalytic cracking unit. The results also show Liaohe oil turns heavier from low sulphur middle-paraffin base to low sulphur naphthene-middle base.     

Specifications and Quality of Lube Oil Base Stocks in China

The Chinese standard Q/SHR001-95 for base stocks is compared with the API specifications. The viscosity-temperature characteristics of base stock required by lube oil in use and market demand on oil quality are analyzed. The quality indicators of base stocks in China and other countries are compared. A new classification of base stocks in response to the requirements of modem lube oil is proposed and the research on new technology to produce premium base stocks meeting API specification is recommended on the basis of current base stock processing technology.     

80W／90 GL—5车辆齿轮油优化配方的研究

以石蜡基础油组分调合成80W/90车辆齿轮油基础油,加入总剂是为4.8%的复合添加剂,经理化分析、模拟试验和台架评定,油品质量水平达到APIGL-5,同时研究了基础油和添加剂以及各添加剂之间的配伍性。     

USE OF UV SPECTROSCOPY TO PREDICT THE DAYLIGHT STABILITY OF HYDROCRACKED BASE STOCKS

Some hydrocracked base stocks are not stable to ultraviolet (UV) light and form a flocculant precipitate upon prolonged exposure. To understand the reason for their daylight instability, their aromatic and polar contents were analyzed. Selected hydrocracked base stocks were found to show a similar UV absorbance in the range of 260–340 nm with the max absorption peak in the range of 270–280 nm. The FTIR analysis indicated a presence of oxidized aromatic compounds in the form of acids, esters and ketones. The hydrofining process was found effective in improving the daylight stability of hydrocracked base stocks and in eliminating their UV absorbance in the range of 260–340 nm. The remaining absorption at 310 nm indicated a trace content of polyaromatic molecules. The results showed that the presence of polyaromatic compounds, coronenes, found in some hydrocracked base stocks does not affect their daylight stability. The UV absorbance data in the range of 260–285 nm were found to correlate with the daylight stability of hydrocracked base stocks. Independent of their processing and the storage conditions, base stocks showing a high absorbance, above 2 units, were found to have a poor daylight stability of 5 days or less. The hydrocracked base stocks showing a low absorbance, below 0.4 unit, were found to have an excellent daylight stability of 44 days or longer.     

齿轮油基础油互换规则考察

选用调合齿轮油常用基础油和RHY4208齿轮油复合剂为研究对象,通过模拟评定手段,对基础油在工业齿轮油和车辆齿轮油中的互换性进行了考察。结果表明,在调制工业齿轮油时,Ⅳ类基础油的Timken OK值最高,Timken试验的基础油互换规则为Ⅰ类BS基础油可替换Ⅱ类BS基础油,Ⅳ类基础油可替换Ⅰ类BS和Ⅱ类BS基础油;四球试验的基础油互换规则为Ⅳ类和Ⅰ类BS基础油可替换Ⅱ类BS基础油。使用复合剂RHY4208调制车辆齿轮油的模拟L-42试验的基础油互换规则为Ⅰ类BS基础油、Ⅱ类BS基础油、Ⅳ类基础油可自由互换;模拟L-37试验基础油互换规则为Ⅰ类BS基础油、Ⅱ类BS基础油可替代Ⅳ类,Ⅳ类不能替代Ⅰ类BS基础油、Ⅱ类BS基础油。     

USE OF UV SPECTROSCOPY TO PREDICT THE DAYLIGHT STABILITY OF HYDROCRACKED BASE STOCKS

Some hydrocracked base stocks are not stable to ultraviolet (UV) light and form a flocculant precipitate upon prolonged exposure. To understand the reason for their daylight instability, their aromatic and polar contents were analyzed. Selected hydrocracked base stocks were found to show a similar UV absorbance in the range of 260-340 nm with the max absorption peak in the range of 270-280 nm. The FTIR analysis indicated a presence of oxidized aromatic compounds in the form of acids, esters and ketones. The hydrofining process was found effective in improving the daylight stability of hydrocracked base stocks and in eliminating their UV absorbance in the range of 260-340 nm. The remaining absorption at 310 nm indicated a trace content of polyaromatic molecules. The results showed that the presence of polyaromatic compounds, coronenes, found in some hydrocracked base stocks does not affect their daylight stability. The UV absorbance data in the range of 260-285 nm were found to correlate with the daylight stability of hydrocracked base stocks. Independent of their processing and the storage conditions, base stocks showing a high absorbance, above 2 units, were found to have a poor daylight stability of 5 days or less. The hydrocracked base stocks showing a low absorbance, below 0.4 unit, were found to have an excellent daylight stability of 44 days or longer.     

加氢润滑油基础油结构组成与氧化安定性关系I.加氢润滑油基础油的物理性质和结构组成

 采用柱色谱、质谱法、1H NMR 、13C NMR和 DEPT 13C NMR等手段详细分析了6种不同基属原油生产的加氢润滑油基础油和1种聚α烯烃（PAO-6）的物理性质和烃类组成。结果表明,各种基础油的S、N含量很低,饱和烃含量很高,芳香烃含量很低;基础油碳类型含量的分布和基础油烃类结构组成影响其黏度指数。正构烷烃和亚甲基含量高的基础油的黏度指数高,而支链甲基和次甲基含量高的基础油黏度指数低;支化度与基础油黏温性能有负的相关性,支化度越大,黏温性能越差,黏度指数越低。不同基属原油生产的润滑油基础油烃类结构符合相应原油特性。     

浅析减压炉对润滑油料质量的影响和对策

针对我国润滑油基础油的加工特点 ,详细分析圆筒型减压炉存在的问题 ,介绍了卧管立式炉的优点 ,采用炉管扩径和低速转油线技术 ,讨论提高我国润滑油料质量的对策     

加氢技术在环烷基润滑油生产中的应用

中国石化石油化工科学研究院针对环烷基原油的组成特点与产品需求,先后开发出加氢脱酸、中压加氢处理、临氢降凝等加氢工艺直到高压全氢型流程,并开发出相应的系列专用催化剂,先后应用于工业装置,开发出高质量环烷基润滑油产品与优质光亮油等产品,质量、收率均优于传统流程,取得了良好的经济效益,为今后加工国内外环烷基原油积累了经验。     

USE OF DSC TO STUDY THE FLOW PROPERTIES OF HYDROCRACKED BASE STOCKS AND LUBRICATING OILS

The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique was found useful in assessing the effect of different processing conditions on the wax content and the wax-type of hydrocracked base stocks. The DSC thermograms showed a wide crystallization peak, in the range from -40 to -20°C, indicating the presence of paraffinic wax molecules. The second, narrow crystallization peak at about -75°C, indicated the presence of lower melting isoparaffinic or branched-type wax molecules. The DSC technique was used to study the onset wax crystallization temperature and the wax formation in hydrocracked base stocks containing different chemistry pour point depressants. The fumarate-vinylacetate (FVA) pour point depressant was not as effective as polymethacrylate (PMA) type chemistry. A decrease in depressed pour points of hydrocracked base stocks was found to follow a decrease in the onset wax crystallization temperature. In engine oil formulations containing hydrocracked base stocks, a decrease in depressed pour point was also found to follow a decrease in the onset wax crystallization temperature. For pour point depressants used in lubricating oils, the mechanism of decreasing the onset wax crystallization was found to be more important than the mechanism of suppressing the wax formation.     

Performance of Rust Inhibitors in Hydrocracked Base Stock

The composition of different lube oil base stocks was found to affect the performance of some rust inhibitors. The rust inhibitor, partially esterified alkylsuccinic acid, was found ineffective in the hydrocracked base stock and the synthetic polyalfaolefin (PAO). A decrease in the oil/water interfacial tension indicated that different chemistry rust inhibitors adsorb at the oil/water interface of base stocks. The rust inhibitor, succinic anhydride amine, was found as effective in the hydrocracked base stock as in the PAO and the mineral base stock. Some rust inhibitors need to be in the monomer form to adsorb on the metal surface and the polarity of base stocks might affect the equilibrium between the monomer form vs. formation of dimers and micelles.     

高粘度指数润滑油生产工艺探讨

详细介绍了中国石油抚顺石化分公司石油一厂新区以沈阳、大庆混合原油的减二、减三线馏分油为原料,采用甲苯、甲乙酮脱蜡、糠醛精制、白土补充精制工艺生产HVI润滑油基础油的生产经验。并结合理论分析,提出了完善此类工艺的一系列建议。生产HVI200基础油,要求蒸馏减二线润滑油馏分粘度不大于4.75 mm2/s,脱蜡油粘度不大于56 mm2/s。为保证HVI200基础油粘度指数合格,要降低减二线馏分中多环环烷烃含量。     

Demulsibility Properties of Hydrocracked Base Stock

The lube oil base stocks were found to have different demulsibility properties. After passing the hydrocracked base stock through a strongly acidic ion-exchange resin, an increase in the oil/water interfacial tension was observed. A decrease in surface active content of the hydrocracked base stock was found to decrease the time required to separate the emulsion. With an increase in the oxidation time, a decrease in the oil/water interfacial tension of base stocks, including the hydrocracked one, was observed indicating formation of surface active oxidation by-products. The time required to separate the emulsions was found to increase. After the addition of demulsifiers, in some cases, an increase in the emulsifying properties of base stocks was observed.     

Performance of Rust Inhibitors in Hydrocracked Base Stock

Abstract

The composition of different lube oil base stocks was found to affect the performance of some rust inhibitors. The rust inhibitor, partially esterified alkylsuccinic acid, was found ineffective in the hydrocracked base stock and the synthetic polyalfaolefin (PAO). A decrease in the oil/water interfacial tension indicated that different chemistry rust inhibitors adsorb at the oil/water interface of base stocks. The rust inhibitor, succinic anhydride amine, was found as effective in the hydrocracked base stock as in the PAO and the mineral base stock. Some rust inhibitors need to be in the monomer form to adsorb on the metal surface and the polarity of base stocks might affect the equilibrium between the monomer form vs. formation of dimers and micelles.     

季戊四醇酯基础油低温性能与原料酸组成的关系研究

研究了季戊四醇酯基础油的低温性能与原料脂肪酸碳原子组成之间的关系。研究发现：奇数碳原子脂肪酸合成的酯其低温性能较好,而由偶数碳原子脂肪酸合成的酯低温性能较差。这种现象的原因,主要是由于偶数碳原子数脂肪酸的晶体结构对称性较高,晶体结合得较为紧密,因此生成酯的熔点较高,低温流动性较差;而奇数碳原子数脂肪酸的对称性较差,晶体结合得不密集,因此酯的低温性能较好。     

Demulsibility Properties of Hydrocracked Base Stock

Abstract

The lube oil base stocks were found to have different demulsibility properties. After passing the hydrocracked base stock through a strongly acidic ion-exchange resin, an increase in the oil/water interfacial tension was observed. A decrease in surface active content of the hydrocracked base stock was found to decrease the time required to separate the emulsion. With an increase in the oxidation time, a decrease in the oil/water interfacial tension of base stocks, including the hydrocracked one, was observed indicating formation of surface active oxidation by-products. The time required to separate the emulsions was found to increase. After the addition of demulsifiers, in some cases, an increase in the emulsifying properties of base stocks was observed.