MED与椎板开窗治疗腰椎间盘突出并椎体后缘离断症的对照研究

目的比较显微内窥镜下椎间盘切除术(Microendoscopic Discectomy,MED)与开放椎板开窗(Open Discectomy,OD)治疗腰椎间盘突出并椎体后缘离断症的手术方法、疗效及优缺点。方法对自2007-06-2013-12在本院因腰椎间盘突出并椎体后缘骨骺离断行手术治疗的52例患者(MED组、开窗组各26例)资料进行回顾性分析。结果疗效按Nakai评价标准,分优、良、可、差四级,两组术后优良率无统计学意义,两组术中切除椎板骨量、术中出血、手术时间、术后卧床时间、术后住院时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),MED组优于椎板开窗组。结论在严格掌握手术指征的基础上,MED治疗腰椎间盘突出并椎体后缘骨骺离断症具有切口小、损伤小、疗程短,有效防止术后脊柱失稳等优点。     

重症腰椎间盘突出症微创急诊治疗方法的选择与疗效分析

重症腰椎间盘突出症是指椎间盘突出或脱垂体积大,压迫马尾神经及神经根。笔者于2002年12月～2005年6月采用显微内窥镜椎间盘切除术（MED）急诊治疗重症腰椎间盘突出症40例。于2000年5月～2002年12月采用冷光源下椎板拉钩法小切口有限化手术急诊治疗重症腰椎间盘突出症38例。现将二者手术特点、疗效和适应证进行比较分析,以指导手术的选择。     

小切口椎板间开窗手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床观察

目的评价小切口椎板间开窗术对治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法随机选择2006年1月～2008年12月间采用小切口椎板间开窗术治疗的腰椎间盘突出症的患者60例,及半椎板切除术的患者24例,随访评价两组术后疗效。结果两术式术后疗效无显著性差异,但两术式在手术时间、术中出血及切口长度及术后卧床时间、术后住院时间、手术后恢复工作情况上都有显著性差异,前者明显优于后者。结论小切口椎板间开窗手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症术后疗效肯定,对脊柱稳定性破坏小,并发症少,是一种值得推广的治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全有效的手术方式。     

显微椎间盘切除系统在治疗腰椎间盘突出并侧隐窝狭窄症近期疗效分析

[目的]分析显微腰椎间盘切除系统(MED)在治疗腰椎间盘突出并侧隐窝狭窄症中的技术特点和疗效。[方法]对本院45例腰椎间盘突出并侧隐窝狭窄症分别采用MED手术和常规开放手术,对两组患者进行比较研究。[结果]随访6~18个月,按照Macnab标准:MED手术组23例,优17例,良4例,优良率91.3%;常规开放手术组22例,优15例,良5例,优良率90.9%,两组临床疗效无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组出血量、手术时间及住院时间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。[结论]MED适用于椎间盘突出并侧隐窝狭窄症病人,而且具有手术创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快的优点。     

应用自制带冷光源半椎板拉钩有限化手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：研究应用自制带冷光源半椎板拉钩治疗腰椎间盘突出症的优点和技术问题。方法：应用该器械行侧隐窝神经根管减压、髓核摘除术11例、单纯髓核摘除术15例。结果：切口长2～3cm。手术时间40～70min．平均50min，术后1～3d下床活动，2～3周恢复日常活动，4～5周恢复轻工作。26例随访1年以上，按Nakai分级：优22例，良4例。结论：应用自制带冷光源半椎板拉钩行腰椎间盘开窗手术和神经根管减压术，实现了传统手术和内窥镜下间盘摘除术(MED)的优势互补，从通道建立和操作技术上完全克服了MED管道化非直视下操作的系列技术难题，达到了手术安全、有效、有限化。     

椎间盘镜术与传统椎板间隙开窗术治疗青少年腰椎间盘突出症的比较研究

[目的]比较显微内窥镜腰椎间盘切除系统( microendoscopy discectomy,MED)与传统的后路椎板间隙开窗术治疗青少年腰椎间盘突出症的疗效.[方法]回顾分析130例青少年腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料,观察组为椎间盘镜术(MED)组64例,对照组为后路椎板间隙开窗术组66例,根据Nakai标准评价疗效,并观察两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后镇痛药物应用、术后下床活动时间、术后住院日及恢复正常生活或工作的时间情况.[结果]经术后6个月～11年的随访,椎间盘镜术(MED)组优良率为93.5％,后路椎板间隙开窗术组优良率90.6％,两组疗效比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05),但MED组在术中出血量、术后镇痛药物的应用、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间、恢复正常生活或工作时间优于后路椎板间隙开窗术组(P＜0.05).[结论]椎间盘镜术(MED)治疗青少年型腰椎间盘突出症疗效与后路椎板间隙开窗术相同,但椎间盘镜术(MED)具有创伤小、对腰椎稳定性破坏小、出血少、住院时间短、术后恢复快等优点,是治疗青少年腰椎间盘突出症的一种理想手术方法.     

小切口椎板间有限开窗术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：探讨小切口有限开窗术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的手术特点与疗效。方法：从1992年至1999年,作者手术治疗1084例腰椎间盘突出症,其中346例50岁以下者,采用小切口有限开窗术。结果：参照陆裕朴的疗效标准,本组优286例,良48例,可12例,优良率96．5％,结论：小切口椎板有限开窗术,创伤小,手术时间短,康复快,最大限度地维持了腰椎结构的稳定性。     

椎间盘镜与椎板开窗治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症疗效对比分析

[目的]比较椎间盘镜下髓核摘除术和椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗单节段单侧腰椎间盘出症的临床效果及优缺点。[方法]回顾性分析2003年7月-2005年7月手术治疗的单节段椎间盘突出症患者69例，其中应用椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者32例、椎板开窗手术37例。分别比较手术时间、术中出血量、术后卧床时间、术后出院时间、术前术后JOA评分、腰痛及腿痛VAS评分。[结果]椎间盘镜组和椎板开窗组疗效优良率分别为优良率93．7％和91．9％，无显著性差异，同时两组患者术后腿痛缓解无显著性差异；而两组患者在术后腰痛VAS评分、术中出血量、术后卧床时间及术后住院时间有显著性差异，椎间盘镜组要明显优于常规椎板开窗组。[结论]两种术式都能有效缓解腰椎间盘突出症患者的症状，但MED手术创伤小、出血少、术后早期康复快，术后遗留腰痛较轻。     

光导椎板拉钩系统直视下微创手术治疗腰椎间盘突出及椎管狭窄

目的探讨光导椎板拉钩系统在微创与小切口手术治疗腰椎间盘突出及椎管狭窄中的应用。方法选择414例各型腰椎间盘突出或/和椎管狭窄患者,在应用光导椎板拉钩系统下分别进行微创及小切口手术(2-2.5cm切口或3-5cm切口),完成开窗、大开窗、多孔开窗或短节段内固定植骨。结果414例全部顺利完成手术。随访156例,平均随访时间26月。随访结果:优(71.79%)、良(25.64%)、差(2.56%),优良率97.43%。结论采用光导椎板拉钩系统应用常规脊柱手术器械进行脊柱后路手术,切口小、创伤少,术后恢复快,证明光导拉钩系统是脊柱手术非常实用的设备。     

显微内镜经后路椎板间隙治疗特殊类型腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨应用显微内镜椎间盘切除系统(microendoscropic discectomy system,MED)治疗特殊类型腰椎间盘突出症的可行性.方法利用显微内镜椎间盘切除系统(MEDⅡ)对53例多节段(双间隙)腰椎间盘突出症、75例中央型椎间盘突出症和9例极外侧型(椎间孔外型)腰椎间盘突出症进行手术治疗.结果手术均获得成功.手术时间60～110min,平均70 min.术中出血量50～130 ml,平均70 ml.住院时间5～19 d,平均13 d,术后12 d拆线,切口全部Ⅰ期愈合.137例随访3～8个月,平均5个月,无并发症.按Nakai分级标准:多节段腰椎间盘突出症中优40例,良11例,可2例;中央型腰椎间盘突出症中优53例,良17例,可4例,差1例;椎间孔外型中优6例,良2,可1例.结论显微内镜椎间盘切除系统(MEDⅡ)治疗特殊类型腰椎间盘突出症,可取得较好的疗效.     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

静脉皮瓣成活过程的实验研究

我们以兔为实验动物，通过微循环观察及血管内灌注填充剂，研究静脉皮瓣的成活过程。这一过程可分为２个阶段。第一阶段（术后７２小时内）为静脉血营养期：静脉血由静脉干通过小静脉吻合支、微静脉干间吻合支及终末微静脉吻合支回流至另一静脉。术后４８小时内毛细血管内无血液运动。第二阶段（术后７２小时～６周）为动脉血营养及血管改造期：术后７２小时新生血管开始向皮瓣内生长。术后７２无皮瓣动脉同主要来自皮瓣周围正常组织内的新生血管吻合使动脉血分布于整个皮瓣，这是静脉皮瓣成活的关键     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

Catamnestic study of childless patients of the Department of Andrology of Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hosptal

By means of a questionnaire, we carried out a catamnestic study of 1419 patients with a complaint of infertility. 27 per cent of the replying patients reported about the birth of children. 343 patients (38%) reported about one or more conceptions. Compared with previous studies, this investigation shows better results of therapies. We interprete this to be caused in better possibilities of therapy, esp. the Kallikrein therapy.