燃料电池用磺化聚醚醚酮质子交换膜的制备及性能

采用浓硫酸作为磺化剂磺化聚醚醚酮,制备具有不同磺化度的磺化聚醚醚酮质子交换膜.实验结果表明,磺化聚醚醚酮质子交换膜具有理想的质子电导率和机械强度.当磺化度为86%(离子交换当量为2.48 meq/g)时,磺化聚醚醚酮质子交换膜的电导率为5.5×10-3 S/cm;磺化聚醚醚酮质子交换膜的拉伸强度为45.9 MPa.     

Pt/Nafion改性膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用

为了降低由于甲醇渗透导致的电池性能损失,合成了具有阻醇作用的Pt纳米颗粒,并将其用于对Nafion膜的改性.实验结果表明:同原来的Nafion膜相比,Pt/Nafion改性膜具有更低的甲醇渗透率,在高温及高浓度甲醇的测试条件下,表现出更优异的电池性能.     

聚苯并咪唑/两性离子修饰氧化石墨烯复合质子交换膜的制备与表征

合成了两性离子修饰的氧化石墨烯（ZC-GO）,以聚苯并咪唑（PBI）为基体,ZC-GO为质子载体制备了PBI/ZC-GO复合质子交换膜,由于对氧化石墨烯（GO）表面进行了修饰,使得改性石墨烯形成了疏水-亲水结构.测试了复合膜的FT-IR、SEM、吸水率、离子交换容量和质子电导率等性能.结果表明：该质子交换膜具有良好的热稳定性和较高的电导率,在100％相对湿度,80℃时,复合膜（ZC-GO含量为10％）的电导率达到2.2×10-2 S/cm.与纯的PBI膜相比,PBI/ZC-GO复合膜的吸水能力显著提高;其甲醇渗透率为（3.16～7.23）×10-7 cm2/s,虽然与纯PBI膜相比稍有增加,但仍大大低于Nafion膜的甲醇渗透率,有望应用于直接甲醇燃料电池中.     

磷酸插层氧化石墨烯强化膜质子传导特性研究

实验采用改进后的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),在片间插层磷酸后进而制得磷酸插层氧化石墨烯(PGO),通过流涎法将GO和PGO填充到磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)基质中制备复合质子交换膜,系统测定分析了复合膜的物化特性和质子传递特性.实验结果表明:所制备的复合膜在290℃下具有良好的热稳定性;无水条件下,PGO的加入在膜内形成了高效质子传递通道,显著提升了复合膜的质子传递能力;在150℃下,SPEEK/PGO-50的质子传导率达7.92 mS·cm~(-1),是SPEEK空白膜的5.7倍、SPEEK/GO膜的4.6倍.     

P2O5／磷钨酸填充的PVDF常温复合质子交换膜的研制

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基质,加入适量的P2O5和磷钨酸(PWA),制备了P2O5/磷钨酸(PWA)掺杂的PVDF质子导电复合膜,采用交流阻抗谱法研究了不同质量分数的P2O5和PWA复合膜的导电性能及相对湿度对电导率的影响.结果表明,P2O5的质量分数为15%,磷钨酸(PWA)的质量分数为15%的复合膜,室温电导率达到3.46×10-2S/cm,相对湿度在20%～80%范围内,复合膜的电导率变化不大.     

多孔PTFE膜基体厚度对复合质子交换膜性能的影响

以不同厚度PTFE多孔膜为基体,制备了Nafion/PTFE复合质子交换膜.SEM表明采用Nafion树脂充分填充到PTFE多孔膜中为基体,通过拉伸和溶涨实验比较了不同厚度PTFE多孔膜基体制备的复合膜的物理性能差异.电化学和单电池测试表明,PTFE多孔膜厚度为15μm时,制备的复合膜性能最好,在600 mA/cm2时输出电压为0.664 V,优于同条件下的美国杜邦的Nafion111膜.     

自组装法制备Nafion117/蒙脱土复合膜

用经过处理的有机蒙脱土,以乙醇为分散剂,Nafion117膜为原料,在超声波振荡下进行自组装,制备了Nafion117/蒙脱土复合膜.采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)测定了掺杂前后Nafion117膜结构的变化.结果表明,掺杂膜已经进行了自组装,蒙脱土沉积到Nafion117膜上构筑成一种特殊的复合膜.     

聚酰胺/聚砜中空纤维复合膜的研究

采用不同种类的醇对聚砜中空纤维基膜进行预处理.选用经过乙醇预处理的基膜制备聚酰胺/聚砜中空纤维复合膜,研究了醇处理对膜性能的影响.并在此基础上分析操作压力、原液质量浓度等操作条件对复合膜性能的影响,考察复合膜对不同物质的分离效果.研究结果表明:采用乙醇预处理基膜可以显著提高复合膜的性能;复合膜通量和截留率随操作压力提高而提高,随原液浓度提高而下降;复合膜对二价或多价离子和相对分子质量大于300的物质均有较好的截留效果.     

高温燃料电池质子交换膜的制备及性能

通过实验制备出能在高温状态下工作的、非水的质子交换膜,从而避免水的损失,介绍了实验过程.实验结果表明,Nafion和磷酸锆盐复合膜在高温下显示出良好的性能.最后对合成的膜进行了热力学和动力特征分析.     

层层自组装法制备聚电解质/改性碳纳米管复合纳滤膜

分别用浓硫酸和乙二胺对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行改性,制得了磺化和氨化碳纳米管.研究了不同改性方式的碳纳米管在聚电解质中的分散特性及二者的相互作用,磺化碳纳米管在聚阳离子聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)中显示出最优的分散性能.以水解改性的聚丙烯腈(PAN)超滤膜为基膜,将磺化改性的碳纳米管添加到PDDA中,与聚阴离子聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)层层自组装制得了改性碳纳米管复合纳滤膜.接触角测试结果表明,复合膜表面亲水性随磺化碳纳米管加入量的增加而提高.加入磺化碳纳米管的复合膜表面zeta电位比未加入的膜略有升高.SEM结果表明,复合物和聚电解质成功组装在基膜表面.随着碳纳米管加入量的增加,复合膜对Na_2SO_4的截留率和水通量均出现先升高后降低的趋势,聚电解质PDDA中磺化碳纳米管浓度为0.04 g/L时,复合膜有最优的分离性能.     

浅析英语语音教学中的/n//l/发音错误

在大学英语教学过程中,有关/n/与/l/的发音错误很常见,原因是没有完全掌握它们的发音规则。/n//l/发音规则的相似性造成了/n//l/不分的情况,而且局部方言中这两个音也不作区分,使得/n//l/混淆的情况更加严重。在教学过程中,可以通过重点讲解区分/n/与/l/的发音规则及其区别来避免/n//l/发音错误。本文同时也分析了含糊/l/音的发音错误,通过对/n/与/l/相关的发音错误分析找出大学英语语音教学行之有效的途径:在完全把握单音的发音规则的基础上,进一步强调语调的掌握,使学生拥有良好的语音。     

肼类燃料液滴的亚临界——超临界蒸发/分解燃烧理论

对肼、一甲基肼、偏二甲肼的亚临界－－超临界蒸发／分解燃烧进行了研究,计算了肼类燃料滴在不同压力下液滴温度和蒸发速度的变化历程,计算了蒸发常数、传热数和传质数,其结果和实验数据是吻合的。本文不但考虑了肼类燃料滴的亚临界蒸发／分解燃烧,还考虑到了其超临界蒸发／分解燃烧,并对达到超临界工况时的界限参数进行了计算。     

Modification of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material by CeO2-coating

LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was coated by a layer of 1.0 wt% CeO₂ via sol-gel method. The bared and coated LiMn_1/3Co_1/3Ni_1/3O₂ was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammogram (CV) and galvanotactic charge-discharge test. The results show that the coating layer has no effect on the crystal structure, only coating on the surface; the 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ exhibits better discharge capacity and cycling performance than the bared LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂. The discharge capacity of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated cathode is 182.5 mAh·g⁻¹ at a current density of 20 mA·g⁻¹, in contrast to 165.8 mAh·g⁻¹of the bared sample. The discharge capacity retention of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated sample after 12 cycles reaches 93.2%, in comparison with 86.6% of the bared sample. CV results show that the CeO₂ coating could suppress phase transitions and prevent the surface of cathode material from direct contact with the electrolyte, thus enhance the electrochemical performance of the coated material.     

Transport Properties of Polycrystalline La2/3Ca1/3Mn1-xCuxO3

The infuence of Cu dopant (x) and sintering temperature(Ts) on the troansport propeties of La2/3Ca1/3Mn1-xCuxO3 series samples prepared by Sol-Gel technique was investigated.X-ray diffraction patterns show that all the samples with different Cu dopant and sintering temperatures (Ts) are of single phase without obvious latice distortion.Experimental results indicate that the insulator-metal transition temperature is diectly related to the sintering temperature and Cu dopant x.It is interesting to observe that a proper amount of Cu dompant can substantially improve magnetoresistance effects.     

RDSS/Doppler/GPS/SINS组合导航系统研究

针对双星定位系统(RDSS)存在的定位位置滞后的先天缺陷,根据组合导航定位系统输出速度误差小的特点,给出了一套消除RDSS位置滞后的方案,并对RDSS／SINS组合系统进行了建模,依据联邦滤波器理论,考虑到GPS的实际情况,提出了RDSS／Doppler／GPS／SINS多传感器组合导航系统的设想,仿真结果表明,该组合导航系统具有准确度高、自主性强的特点。     

亚锰酸盐La0.7-xYxCa0.3MnO3的电磁特性和磁电阻效应

研究了用固相反应法制备亚锰酸盐多晶样品La0.7-xYxCa0.3MnO3,并研究了Y的不同掺杂(x=0.1,0.2)对样品的晶体结构、电磁特性和磁电阻效应的影响.实验结果表明,随着温度的降低,x=0.1样品的R-T曲线没有出现峰值,而x=0.2样品出现了峰值,显示了复杂的输运特性.两种样品的磁电阻Rm都随着温度的降低而升高,但都没有出现峰值.x=0.2的样品在较宽的温区内,磁电阻效应都很显著,而且Y掺杂由x=0.1提高至x=0.2,磁电阻效应增强.     

Low temperature properties of organic-inorganic Ag/ p -CuPc/ n -GaAs/Ag photoelectric sensor

A thin organic film of p-type semiconducting copper phthalocynanine (CuPc) was deposited by vacuum evaporation on an n-type GaAs single-crystal semiconductor substrate. The fabricated Ag/p-CuPc/n-GaAs/Ag sensor was carried through an ageing process to stabilize the parameters. Voltage-current characteristics and photoelectrical response of the sensor were investigated at a wide temperature range of 82 to 350 K. Photoelectric characteristics were measured under nonmodulated filament-lamp illumination. It was observed that such sensor parameters as rectification ratio, threshold voltage, junction, shunt and series resistances, open-circuit voltage and short circuit current are temperature-dependent. It was found that wide-range voltage-current characteristics of the sensor may be described similarly to that of a Schottky barrier diode. Using the experimental data on voltage-current characteristics and absorbance of the CuPc films, the energy-band diagram of the p-CuPc/n-GaAs heterojunction was developed. It was shown that data obtained from simulation of an equivalent circuit of photoelectric sensor agreed with experimental results. Supported by the National Engineering and Scientific Commission of Pakistan     

Reliability of Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si ferroelectric diode

A ferroelectric memory diode that consisted of Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si multilayer configuration was fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The reliability issues (I-V characteristics, capacitance retention, fatigue and imprint) were investigated. The I-V curve showed the conventional Schottky diode characteristics with a small current density of - 5.3×10 -10 A/cm2 at a voltage of - 4 V and 6.7×10-8 A/cm2 at a voltage of + 4V, and this characteristic can be maintained below 50℃. The capacitance variety of the ferroelectric diode was only 5 % in 10 hours after withdrawing the applied bias of + 5 V or - 5 V, indicating the diode had good capacitance retention. By applying 100 kHz bipolar pulses of 5 V amplitude, the decay in remanent polarization was only 10% after 109 switching cycles, and meanwhile the increase in coercive field was 12%. After being irradiated for 20 min with a 200 W ultraviolet ray lamp, the remanent polarization and coercive field had both varied, and a voltage shift was obse     

St/BA/MAA/AA/VAC复合乳液的合成及其应用

采用半连续乳液种子聚合法合成苯乙烯（St）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）、甲基丙烯酸 （MAA）、丙烯酸（AA）、醋酸乙烯酯 （VAc）的复合乳液.分析了丙烯酸对乳液电解质性能的影响,引发剂对聚合反应转化率的影响及乳化剂含量对乳液粘度的影响.通过正交试验确定组分的适当配比.该共聚乳液的粘度及固体含量符合要求,稳定性好, 性能价格比高.应用表明：用此乳液配制成地毯乳胶,胶膜具有良好的机械性能.     

M/M/c型与M/M/1型排队系统对比仿真

为了更具体地分析M/M/c和c个M/M/1并联系统在性能上的差异,首先分析了Little公式在应用中可能存在的缺陷,然后通过AnyLogic仿真工具对模型运行过程进行跟踪,最后通过管理系统仿真(general purpose simulation system,GPSS) JAVA仿真获取了2种排队系统中服务台利用率、平均队长、最大队长、平均等待时间等对比指标,并指出了M/M/1并联系统用解析法求解存在的缺陷.仿真结果表明:2种排队系统中服务台利用率几乎相同;M/M/c系统中顾客平均等待时间稍短于c个M/M/1并联系统,对传统排队论中的“与c个M/M/1并联系统相比,M/M/c系统可以显著提高服务效率和减少等待时间”结论进行了修正.此外,M/M/c系统中“短时等待”顾客更多,其“零等待”顾客数和“长时等待”顾客数均显著少于c个M/M/1并联系统.