室内热湿环境对人体舒适性的影响分析

从生理学、心理学角度分析室内热湿环境参数;从热平衡的角度引入人体热舒适概念;提出改善室内热湿环境、提高人体热舒适的措施.分析室内热湿环境对人体舒适性的影响和理论研究中存在的问题和不足,并提出了一些个人建议.     

极端热环境热应力研究指标及评价

极端热环境是某些特殊条件下人所处的恶劣环境，对极端热环境的研究和评价涉及到劳动安全和工作的可靠性。热应力是人体所承受极端热环境的一种程度上的描述。对湿球黑球温度，Sreq指数和ISO9886标准的生理指标等五种极端热环境指标的使用方法和特点进行了分析与评价，对这些指标使用的局限性进行了讨论。认为对极端热环境的研究，应联合使用不同指标后进行综合评价，并重点考虑人体生理反应的变化，使研究工作具有更加普遍的意义和实用性。为此，提出了对极端热环境评价体系研究工作的建议和今后的工作方向。     

某抽水蓄能电站地下厂房热湿环境测试分析

水电站地下厂房的通风空调系统对维持厂房内的热湿环境,使其满足人员工作及设备运行的要求有着重要作用。为了对某抽水蓄能电站地下厂房的热湿环境进行评估,对主厂房各层空间空气的热湿参数及通风量进行测试,并结合室外天气状况得出室外天气对厂房内的热湿环境的影响。在测试过程中发现,其蜗壳层设备及管路表面结露问题严重。根据对结露现象的分析,提出相应的解决方案,为水电站地下厂房的热湿环境的调控提供参考。     

室内热湿环境仿真软件开发

建筑室内热环境仿真软件已成为室内环境研究的重要手段之一.在VB.NET开发平台下,采用高效的计算语言Visual Fortran与Visual Basic混合编程,开发了一套界面友好、计算速度较快、计算结果可视化的建筑室内热环境仿真软件Indoor Thermal Environment Simulation (ITES),并在重庆大学热环境实验室进行了实验,对特定热湿环境下的室内温度分布进行测试,其测试结果与ITES软件的模拟结果相一致.验证了ITES软件对建筑室内热环境仿真模拟的可信性.     

船舶环境热舒适现场研究

对上海海事大学校船"育锋轮"舱室的环境热舒适度进行了现场调查和分析,采取现场测试与问卷调查相结合的方法,获得空气温度、辐射温度、空气流速等环境参数,并调查收集有效问卷调查表272份.分析了在船舶舱室这一特殊热环境条件下的热中性温度和期望温度.分析得出PMV指标与实测TSV存在一定差别,讨论了这种差别的原因所在.并讨论了热感觉对船员工作效率的影响,得出在偏凉爽的热环境下人们有较高的工作效率.     

成都地区居住建筑热湿环境调查与分析

根据2008年～2009年对成都市区47栋居住建筑热湿环境的调查与实测,分析了成都市区居住建筑非空调状态下的热湿环境及热舒适性,并对成都市区非空调状态热湿环境的调节提出了合理化建议。     

夏热冬冷地区绿色校园中教学楼建筑空调形式探讨

本文以教室使用特点为基础分析其空调负荷特点,并基于满足Ⅱ级热湿环境所需的空调开启时间,从全寿命周期的角度对夏热冬冷地区绿色校园教学楼采用不同空调形式进行对比分析.     

热环境下人体穿着热湿舒适性研究

研究不同环境温度和环境湿度条件下,人体穿着不同服装时出汗量、皮肤温度、衣内温湿度、主观感觉等人体生理指标的变化。结果表明：①环境温度和环境相对湿度变化,所测得的各生理指标都发生显著变化,表明环境因素对人体热湿舒适性有很大影响;②热环境下具有良好的透湿透气性能的现行制式陆军夏服表现出良好的热湿舒适性能,而纯棉服装的热湿舒适性较差,尤其是在高温高湿条件下穿着时。因此对于夏季服装,透湿透气性好的服装穿着最为舒适。     

既有居住建筑供暖室内热环境测试与能耗分析研究

针对目前我国供暖住宅普遍存在耗能大、效率低等问题,对西安典型住宅供暖室内外空气温度、壁面温度、相对湿度等进行了测试,分析了不同房间室内热湿环境的状况差异及其原因。采用红外热像技术,对比分析了影响室内热环境的关键因素,并通过DeST-h程序对室内热环境进行模拟,进一步探讨了住宅实际供暖热指标与设计指标的差异程度。基于典型住宅环境测试与能耗分析,提出了降低既有居住建筑能耗的技术措施。     

建筑环境科学研究动态与简介

建筑环境科学研究涉及自然科学、社会科学、工程技术、人文和艺术领域,包括热湿环境、光环境、声环境、电磁环境、室内空气品质、建筑微气候等.建筑环境和设备工程专业的任务是在节约能源、节省资源、最低限度影响环境的原则下,为人类创造健康、舒适、安全、有效率的工作、居住和活动环境.     

太阳能强化自然通风在长江流域的应用研究

介绍了武汉一间实验用被动式太阳房的太阳能强化自然通风。武汉为夏季湿热、冬季干冷的气候。该实验房专为长江流域的此类复合气候设计,且就近选取建筑材料。提出的一个多功能太阳能系统,探讨了一种室内通风的方法。通过实验结果的分析,证明了此种系统可以基本满足复合气候下的房间的全年舒适性要求。     

蒸发冷却的液体除湿空调系统性能分析

提出一种蒸发冷却的液体除湿空调系统,对该系统进行性能分析,结果表明该空调系统完全能满足热湿地区建筑物的空调要求,并且与常规压缩式制冷相比,耗电量大大降低,是一种节能的空调方式.     

A UV-Reflective Organic–Inorganic Tandem Structure for Efficient and Durable Daytime Radiative Cooling in Harsh Climates

Radiative cooling shows great promise in eco-friendly space cooling due to its zero-energy consumption. For subambient cooling in hot humid subtropical/tropical climates, achieving ultrahigh solar reflectance (≥96%), durable ultraviolet (UV) resistance, and surface superhydrophobicity simultaneously is critical, which, however, is challenging for most state-of-the-art scalable polymer-based coolers. Here an organic–inorganic tandem structure is reported to address this challenge, which comprises a bottom high-refractive-index polyethersulfone (PES) cooling layer with bimodal honeycomb pores, an alumina (Al₂O₃) nanoparticle UV reflecting layer with superhydrophobicity, and a middle UV absorption layer of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles, thus providing thorough protection from UV and self-cleaning capability together with outstanding cooling performance. The PES-TiO₂-Al₂O₃ cooler demonstrates a record-high solar reflectance of over 0.97 and high mid-infrared emissivity of 0.92, which can maintain their optical properties intact even after equivalent 280-day UV exposure despite the UV-sensitivity of PES. This cooler achieves a subambient cooling temperature up to 3 °C at summer noontime and 5 °C at autumn noontime without solar shading or convection cover in a subtropical coastal city, Hong Kong. This tandem structure can be extended to other polymer-based designs, offering a UV-resist but reliable radiative cooling solution in hot humid climates.     

Evaluation of solid-desiccant-based evaporative cooling cycles for typical hot and humid climates

This paper presents an evaluation of various solid desiccant cycles for air conditioning in hot and humid climates. Psychometric evaluation of potential cycles for 16 typical Indian cities has been carried out with the objective of achieving standard comfort conditions in the room. Computer simulation is based on constant effectiveness of heat exchangers and evaporative coolers and actual performance data of a commercially available desiccant wheel dehumidifier. The influence of various outdoor conditions, the effectiveness of heat exchangers/evaporative coolers on the cooling coefficient of performance and volumetric air flowrate per unit cooling capacity have been investigated. It is found that amongst ventilation, recirculation and Dunkle cycles, the Dunkle cycle is better for a wide range of outdoor conditions. However, cycles using wet surface heat exchangers give even higher performance.     

The behaviour of concrete in hot climates

The paper, after very briefly discussing the classification of world climates, considers hot climates before taking up a review of papers dealing with the effects of hot climates on the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. Raw materials for concrete are discussed, where the adverse and positive effects of C₃A and gypsum contents of Portland cement, thermal movement of concrete and sulphate and chloride contents of aggregate and mixing water in hot climates are pointed out. The effect of elevated temperature, ambient and initial paste temperature, ambient relative humidity, solar radiation, and water/cement ratio on the rate of Portland cement hydration and hydration product structure are discussed. The behaviours of both fresh and hardened concrete are taken up. The effect of evaporation from a fresh concrete surface on the behaviour of hardened concrete is discussed. The paper concludes that the presently published works on the properties of concrete in hot climates are fragmentary, uncoordinated and at times contradictory. It points out that systematic studies of the properties of concrete cast and continuously exposed to either hot-humid or hot-dry climates remain to be done.     

协同处理对湿热环境下木粉/聚乙烯复合材料表面性质演变的影响

采用硅烷偶联剂涂覆与等离子体放电协同处理的方法处理木粉/聚乙烯(WP/PE)复合材料表面,以改善其胶接性能。利用胶接强度测试、FTIR和X射线光电子能谱研究了硅烷偶联剂涂覆和等离子体放电的协同表面处理对WP/PE湿热环境下表面性质演变的影响,探究协同处理的WP/PE胶接接头湿热环境下的胶接耐久性。结果表明,协同处理后,WP/PE表面有含氧极性基团生成,且在偶联剂与材料表面之间形成了化学键接,胶接性能大为改善。湿热环境下,虽然处理试样的表面没有新的化学基团产生,但表面元素的化学环境发生了改变。WP/PE表面在湿热环境下的性质演变会直接影响其胶接接头的耐久性。协同表面处理能够降低湿热环境下WP/PE表面性质的改变程度,从而提高WP/PE的胶接性能,尤其是湿热环境下的胶接耐久性能。     

游泳场通风空调设计

阐述了游泳场特点及空调设计时须注意的问题。游泳场为24h高温、高湿环境,为保证室内空气品质,需要新风来排除池水挥发到空气中的化学物质;空调设计时要注意正确的空气分布和影响游泳场湿负荷的因素,同时还要考虑泳池除湿设备、除湿方式和减少能源消耗。     

基于溶液除湿的辐射空调系统的初步研究

针对辐射板空调系统用于高热、高湿地区夏季供冷时辐射板表面结露的问题,提出基于热、湿负荷分开处理的液体除湿辐射空调系统；该系统采用LiCl溶液作为除湿剂,除湿干空气承担空调房间的湿负荷；对除湿后的干空气直接蒸发冷却,使空调回水降温,负担空调房间的热负荷；该系统具有辐射空调节能、舒适的优点,避免了表面结露的问题,同时不需要另外添加冷水机组,节约系统初投资,此外还考虑了能量回收和太阳能的利用。     

Time Dependence of Degradation Phenomena of Plain Woven AFRP in Hot,Wet Environmental Exposure

Plain woven AFRP samples were immsersed in hot water at 80°C and exposed to humid air at 80°C, 80% RH for 300~days. Furthermore, they were tested by a tensile method to investigate time dependence of their degradation. The longer the immersion time, the greater the degradation of tensile strength. But on comparison with samples exposed to hot humid air, those immersed in hot water showed more degradation, although both conditions had the same temperature. Hot water caused the yarn/resin interface to degrade and led to delamination. Warps, which are weakened by absorption, were further damaged by delamination. Damaged warps broke and final fracture occurred at a low level of stress.At an average stress level, AE event rate of samples in hot, wet conditions was lower than that of virgin samples. This was because cracks occurred in the resin-rich area during water/moisture absorption, i.e., fracture occurred before tensile test. The change of fracture by water/moisture absorption in a hot, wet environment could also be revealed by the AE method.     

FATIGUE CRACK TIP MECHANICS OF A POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINUM ALLOY IN VACUUM AND HUMID AIR

Abstract— Fatigue crack tip opening displacements and strains in the material very close to the crack tip have been determined from measured displacements for cracks grown in both vacuum and humid air environments. The environment alters both the relations between crack tip opening displacement and crack tip strain, and the effect of cyclic stress intensity on these factors. Results of dynamic observation of intermittent crack growth are correlated with fractographic evidence. The relationships between crack tip parameters are used in a previously developed mathematical model. The effect of wet air on fatigue crack growth is found to be a reduction in crack tip plasticity.