用量子广义测量控制消相干

本文探讨了把量子广义测量和无消相干子空间 (DFS) 结合起来抑制消相干的潜力. 证实了: 把量子广义子空间投影测量 (QGSPM) 和量子广义分类投影测量 (QGCPM) 与 DFS 算子条件结合起来, 可以有效增强 Markovian 和非 Markovian 量子开放系统抑制消相干的能力. 强调了量子测量可以作为操控量子态的重要手段. 本方法的优点在于可以构造性地设计相干控制哈密顿量.     

三能级原子系统中量子态相干保持的控制策略

研究光与物质的相互作用并利用其性质设计新型的量子器件,以实现光信息存储及其消相干抑制.分析了以单色激光场为控制场的A型三能级原子系统的主方程模型,借助于无消相干子空间的构造方法,通过改变耦合激光场Rabi频率的方式,设计了实现系统中量子态相干保持的控制策略.     

基于奇相干光源和量子存储的量子密钥分配协议

针对传统量子密钥分配协议使用弱相干光源带来的密钥生成率较低的问题,对光源进行优化,用奇相干光源代替弱相干光源,提出了基于奇相干光源和量子存储的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议。对比了具有奇相干光源和量子存储的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议与基于弱相干光源测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议的性能优劣。分析了基于奇相干光源和量子存储的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议中,密钥生成率、最小退相干时间与安全传输距离之间的关系。仿真结果表明,引入奇相干光源大大减少了传统弱相干光源的多光子数,弥补了其在光源上的不足之处。随着安全传输距离的增加,密钥生成率随之降低,但基于奇相干光源和量子存储的量子密钥分配协议性能仍然较高。     

开放环境下多比特量子计算机的相干控制模型

研究了开放环境下多比特量子计算系统的相干控制建模问题.基于开放量子系统的数学模型,选取适当的矩阵基将描述多比特量子计算机的复矩阵动态控制模型转化为实向量空间上的控制模型,并给出计算相应的结构系数的方法.这些工作提供了进一步研究控制律设计的基础.     

利用相位的自旋1/2量子系统的相干控制

针对两个自旋1/2粒子组成的封闭量子系统, 建立了具有Ising相互作用的量子系统模型. 在此基础上通过具有特定幅值及相对相位的半反直觉脉冲, 制备了相应的量子相干态. 并通过系统数值仿真实验, 归纳出系统终态与相对相位之间的近似关系式, 分析了控制脉冲的幅值和时间延迟对制备过程的影响. 利用部分绝热通道技术实现了相位相干控制.     

量子力学系统的输出反馈控制

研究量子系统输出反馈控制问题建模以及控制律设计问题.首先讨论了量子力学VonNeumann测量原理与连续测量模型的一致性;然后在连续测量模型的基础上总结了已有量子反馈模型的结果,归纳出量子输出反馈控制系统模型;最后针对单比特振幅退相干抑制问题,利用线性直接输出反馈控制设计反馈控制律,指出利用最优控制的方法设计线性输出反馈控制的比例系数,可以得到较好的结果.     

单量子比特系统状态的在线估计

针对具有退相干效应与测量反馈随机噪声的随机开放量子系统, 采用对状态影响较弱的连续弱测量在线获取一系列状态的部分信息, 实现量子状态的在线估计.由泡利矩阵构造初始测量算符, 并推导出在线的随时间变化的测量算符; 基于压缩传感理论来减少测量次数; 采用最小二乘优化算法对自由演化中的量子密度矩阵状态进行重构, 完整地给出了量子态在线估计的过程.所提出的在线量子态估计方案, 在一个量子位系统上进行了系统仿真实验.数值仿真实验结果表明, 在满足压缩传感理论的条件下, 仅需2次连续弱测量所得到的测量值之后, 就可以高精度地实现在线变化的单比特量子密度矩阵估计.     

两硬币量子游走模型中的相干动力学

量子游走是量子计算的重要模型,而多硬币量子游走模型由于在量子通讯协议中表现突出也越来越受到人们的关注.量子相干不仅可以刻画量子态的特点,也可以反映量子演化过程的性质.主要对一维圆上两硬币量子游走模型的量子相干性进行了分析.一方面,讨论了初始量子态和硬币算子的选取对量子相干的影响.当硬币算子为Hadamard算子且初态只要在位置子空间上是均衡叠加态,整个量子游走演化过程是具有周期性的,且量子相干仅依赖于步数和圆上顶点的个数;当初始态是均衡叠加态而对硬币算子没有任何限制时,量子相干的演化也极具规律性.另一方面,发现在利用量子游走实现完美状态转移(perfect state transfer)的过程中,硬币算子的选取直接影响量子相干的值.最后,探讨了2种量子游走模型之间的等价性,并基于此指出了其在量子隐形传输(quantum teleportation)中的应用和改进的可能性.     

三能级原子系统中量子态相干保持的控制策略

研究光与物质的相互作用并利用其性质设计新型的量子器件,以实现光信息存储及其消相干抑制.分析了以单色激光场为控制场的∧型三能级原子系统的主方程模型,借助于无消相干子空间的构造方法,通过改变耦合激光场Rabi频率的方式,设计了实现系统中量子态相干保持的控制策略.

     

随机开放量子系统的纯态开关反馈控制EI北大核心CSCD

针对目标态为纯态的情况,本文对有限维随机开放量子系统,提出一种同时适用于本征态和叠加态的开关控制,它是由常量控制和基于李雅普诺夫方法设计的控制律组成,实现随机开放量子系统的状态转移和收敛控制,其中,李雅普诺夫函数为系统的状态距离,常量控制用来驱动系统状态从初始状态进入含有目标态的收敛域中,李雅普诺夫控制用来使进入收敛域中的状态继续收敛到期望的目标态.将所提出的控制方法,应用于2比特随机开放量子系统进行了数值仿真实验,并与本征态开关控制律方法进行了性能对比,实验结果表明了所提出的控制律的优越性.     

Pole placement approach to coherent passive reservoir engineering for storing quantum information

Reservoir engineering is the term used in quantum control and information technologies to describe manipulating the environment within which an open quantum system operates. Reservoir engineering is essential in applications where storing quantum information is required. From the control theory perspective, a quantum system is capable of storing quantum information if it possesses a so-called decoherence free subsystem (DFS). This paper explores pole placement techniques to facilitate synthesis of decoherence free subsystems via coherent quantum feedback control. We discuss limitations of the conventional `open loop'' approach and propose a constructive feedback design methodology for decoherence free subsystem engineering. It captures a quite general dynamic coherent feedback structure which allows systems with decoherence free modes to be synthesized from components which do not have such modes.     

Dynamical decoupling in quantum control: A system theoretic approach

Suppressing decoherence is one of the most challenging problems in the control of quantum dynamical systems. Dynamical decoupling is an open-loop decoherence control technique based on high-frequency and high-amplitude periodic controls. Here, we reformulate the effects of the basic strategy in terms of linear, symmetric matrix equations. Such a reformulation proves to be useful both in the analysis and in the synthesis of the needed unitary control actions. A general framework is provided, and simple, but significant, particular cases are studied in detail.     

Coherent quantum LQG control

Based on a recently developed notion of physical realizability for quantum linear stochastic systems, we formulate a quantum LQG optimal control problem for quantum linear stochastic systems where the controller itself may also be a quantum system and the plant output signal can be fully quantum. Such a control scheme is often referred to in the quantum control literature as “coherent feedback control”. It distinguishes the present work from previous works on the quantum LQG problem where measurement is performed on the plant and the measurement signals are used as the input to a fully classical controller with no quantum degrees of freedom. The difference in our formulation is the presence of additional non-linear and linear constraints on the coefficients of the sought after controller, rendering the problem as a type of constrained controller design problem. Due to the presence of these constraints, our problem is inherently computationally hard and this also distinguishes it in an important way from the standard LQG problem. We propose a numerical procedure for solving this problem based on an alternating projections algorithm and, as an initial demonstration of the feasibility of this approach, we provide fully quantum controller design examples in which numerical solutions to the problem were successfully obtained. For comparison, we also consider the case of classical linear controllers that use direct or indirect measurements, and show that there exists a fully quantum linear controller which offers an improvement in performance over the classical ones.     

Optimal control of quantum systems with SU(1,1) dynamical symmetry

$\SU(1,1)$ dynamical symmetry is of fundamental importance in analyzing unbounded quantum systems in theoretical and applied physics. In this paper, we study the control of generalized coherent states associated with quantum systems with $\SU(1,1)$ dynamical symmetry. Based on a pseudo Riemannian metric on the $\SU(1,1)$ group, we obtain necessary conditions for minimizing the field fluence of controls that steer the system to the desired final state. Further analyses show that the candidate optimal control solutions can be classified into normal and abnormal extremals. The abnormal extremals can only be constant functions when the control Hamiltonian is non-parabolic, while the normal extremals can be expressed by Weierstrass elliptic functions according to the parabolicity of the control Hamiltonian. As a special case, the optimal control solution that maximally squeezes a generalized coherent state is a sinusoidal field, which is consistent with what is used in the laboratory.     

两能级封闭量子系统任意量子态的最优制备

在分析单量子位的Bloch球面表示的基础上，结合量子门实现量子态幺正演化的量子态调控机制，提出一种针对两能级封闭量子系统任意量子态的最优制备策略．该策略首先建立两能级量子系统及其控制场的模型；然后借助李群李代数．由经典最优控制的思想和约化动力学来获得最优控制，从而达到两能级封闭量子系统任意量子态的最优制备．理论分析与仿真实验表明了该策略的优越性．     

Squeezing enhancement of degenerate parametric amplifier via coherent feedback control

The purpose of this article is to present an efficient coherent feedback control technique for squeezing enhancement of degenerate parametric amplifiers (DPAs). The feedback controllers to be designed are in the form of linear quantum stochastic systems which can be described by quantum feedback networks theory recently developed. The problem of squeezing enhancement is formulated as a non-convex constrained nonlinear programming problem, whose solution yields the coherent feedback controllers to be designed. Compared with the previous study, the proposed approach reveals clear advantage when DPAs are lossy, as is always the case in practice. Based on the recently developed quantum network synthesis theory, we show how the designed coherent feedback controllers can be implemented by means of quantum optical devices.     

Decoherence control for high-temperature reservoirs

We investigate the decoherence control coupled to a rather general environment, i.e., without using the Markov approximation. Markovian errors generally require high-energy excitations (of the reservoir) and tend to destroy the scalability of the adiabatic quantum computation. Especially, we find that deriving optimal control using the Pontryagin maximum principle, the decoherence can be suppressed even in high-temperature reservoirs. The influences of Ohmic reservoir with Lorentz-Drude regularization are numerically studied in a two-level system under ω _c ≪ ω ₀ condition, here ω ₀ is the characteristic frequency of the quantum system of interest, and ω _c the cut-off frequency of Ohmic reservoir. It implies that designing some engineered reservoirs with the controlled coupling and state of the environment can slow down the decoherence rate and delay the decoherence time. Moreover, we compared the non-Markovian optimal decoherence control with the Markovian one and find that with non-Markovian the engineered artificial reservoirs are better than the Markovian approximate in controlling the decoherence of open, dissipative quantum systems.     

Quantum estimation,control and learning: Opportunities and challenges

The development of estimation and control theories for quantum systems is a fundamental task for practical quantum technology. This vision article presents a brief introduction to challenging problems and potential opportunities in the emerging areas of quantum estimation, control and learning. The topics cover quantum state estimation, quantum parameter identification, quantum filtering, quantum open-loop control, quantum feedback control, machine learning for estimation and control of quantum systems, and quantum machine learning.