IFN-α对慢性乙肝肝纤维化阻断作用的研究

探讨IFN -α对慢性乙肝肝纤维化的阻断作用。 6 5例慢性乙肝患者随机分为对照组和IFN组 ,动态观察治疗前后血清HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ -C水平及IFN疗效与治疗前肝组织纤维化程度关系。IFN -α治疗后血清HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ -C水平较治疗前及对照组明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;IFN无应答组患者治疗前血清HA、PCⅢ水平明显高于应答组 (P <0 0 5 )。IFN -α疗效与治疗前肝组织纤维化分期呈负相关 (r=- 0 6 773,P <0 0 5 )。IFNα对慢性乙肝有明显的抗肝纤维化作用 ,其抗病毒疗效受治疗前肝纤维化程度的影响     

病毒性肝炎肝纤维化与血清IL-1β及干扰素-γ的关系

肝纤维化是各种慢性肝病向肝硬变发展的必经阶段[1-9],业已证实血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)前Ⅲ胶原(PCⅢ)含量变化能反映肝细胞损害和肝纤维化程度[10-13].白介素1β(IL-1β)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)与肝纤维化的关系国内文献报告尚属少见,我们通过检测IL-1β,IFN-γ在病毒性肝炎患者血清水平的变化,结合肝脏病理学资料探讨其在肝纤维化机制中的作用.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清TGF-β_1水平与肝纤维化的关系

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）水平与肝纤维化的关系。方法分别采用ELISA、R IA法对慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）、乙肝肝硬化（LC）共73例患者血清中TGF-β1、透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白（PCⅢ）、层粘连蛋白（LN）水平进行检测,并对其中42例CHB患者行肝穿刺病理活检,观察不同肝纤维化分期患者以上指标的变化。结果 CHB患者血清中TGF-β1、HA、PCⅢ、LN水平随病情发展逐渐增高（P均〈0.05）;TGF-β1与HA、PCⅢ水平均呈正相关（r=0.457、0.363,P均〈0.05）。肝纤维化分期S1~2、S3~4期血清中TGF-β1、HA水平明显高于S0期（P均〈0.05）,且S3~4期明显高于S1~2期（P〈0.05）。结论血清TGF-β1水平与肝纤维化有密切相关性,血清HA及PCⅢ是判断肝纤维化程度的良好指标。     

病毒性肝炎肝维化与血清IL-1β及干扰素-γ的关系

肝纤维化是各种慢性肝病向肝硬变发展的必经阶段,业已证实血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)前Ⅲ胶原(PCⅢ)含量变化能反映肝细胞损害和肝纤维化程度。白介素1β(IL-1β)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)与肝纤维化的关系国内文献报告尚属少见,我们通过检测IL-1β,IFN-γ在病毒性肝炎患者血清水平的变化,结合肝脏病理学资料探讨其在肝纤维化机制中的作用。 1 材料和方法 1.1 材料各种肝病80例,其中急性肝炎(AH)10例,慢性肝     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中TGF-β_1及TNF-α含量与肝纤维化程度的关系探讨

目的:观察分析慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中TGF-β_1、TNF-α的含量与肝纤维化程度的关系,寻求肝纤维化的诊断指标。并从细胞因子角度探讨肝纤维化的发病机理。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)和放射免疫分析法(RIA)分别测定30例正常人员、45例慢性乙型肝炎及10例肝硬化患者血清中TGF-β_1和TNF-α的含量。结果:①慢性乙型肝炎轻、中、重度及肝硬化患者血清TGF-β_1、TNF-α水平均不同程度高于对照组(P<0.1或P<0.05),并且随着肝损害程度的加重逐渐升高,与肝损害程度呈正相关关系(P<0.01)。②血清中TGF-β_1、TNF-α水平与肝纤维化程度呈正相关关系(P<0.01)。结论:①血清TGF-β_1、TNF-α水平随着肝纤维化程度加重而升高,与肝纤维化发生发展密切相关。②对血清中TGF-β_1、TNF-α水平同时测定,可作为诊断肝纤维化的血清学指标。③寻找有效的方法拮抗TGF-β_1、TNF-α对抗纤维化治疗具有重要意义。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清肝纤维化指标与病理的关系

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者血清肝纤维化指标透明质酸（HA）、Ⅳ型胶原（IV—C）、层粘连蛋白（LN）及Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）与肝脏病理的关系。方法慢性乙肝患者40例,行肝穿刺,制片,HE染色及浸银染色后作病理学检查;取血,分离血清,应用放射免疫法检测HA、IV—C、LN及PCⅢ水平,对肝组织进行炎症活动度分级（G）及纤维化分期（s）。结果40例慢性乙肝患者血清HA、Ⅳ-C、LN及PCⅢ水平随肝脏炎症活动度升高而升高,随肝组织纤维化程度的加重而升高。结论血清HA、Ⅳ-C、LN及PCⅢ水平与肝组织纤维化程度呈正相关。检测上述指标有助于判断肝炎疾病的严重程度,并能反映肝组织纤维化程度。     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱对慢性乙型肝炎患者细胞因子及肝纤维化指标影响

目的研究多烯磷脂酰胆碱对慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者肝纤维化指标及细胞因子的影响。方法选择98例CHB患者随机分为治疗组(50例)和对照组(48例),治疗前后检测患者血清转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ)、层粘连蛋白(LN)以及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平。结果治疗组患者血清ALT、AST、HA、C-Ⅳ、LN和TGF-β1、TNF-α水平较治疗前及对照组比较,均显著降低(P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。结论多烯磷脂酰胆碱具有很强的抗氧化、保护肝细胞、抗感染及抗肝纤维化作用。     

慢性乙型肝炎和肝硬化患者血清HA、LN、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C水平与肝组织纤维化程度的关系

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎和肝硬化患者血清透明质酸（HA）、层粘连蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）和Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ－C）在肝纤维化诊断中的应用价值。方法 采用放射免疫法检测150例慢性乙型肝炎和肝硬化患者血清HA、LN、PVⅢ和Ⅳ－C水平，并与活检肝组织纤维化程度进行相关性分析。结果 各组慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HA、LN、PCⅢ和Ⅳ－C水平均高于正常对照组，与肝纤维化活动水平及程度呈密切正相关。结论 血清HA、LN、PCⅢ和Ⅳ－C水平能较好地反映乙型肝炎纤维化程度，联合检测可明显提高肝纤维化诊断的准确性和可靠性。     

血清透明质酸Ⅲ型前胶原Ⅳ型胶原及脯氨酸肽酶对肝组织纤维化诊断的意义

探讨肝病患者血清透明质酸（HA），Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ），型胶原（CⅣ）及脯氨酸肽酶（PLD）水平与肝纤维化程度的关系。用酶联免疫（ELISA）法及生化比色法检测225例各种肝病患者血清中HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ及PLD水平，并与肝活检病理炎症分级和纤维化分期相比较。四项指标与肝组织炎症坏死及纤维化程度均呈显著相关（P〈0．05）。HA、PCⅢ及CⅣ与肝纤维化相关性高于炎症，PLD与炎症的相关性高于纤维化。血清学指标与肝组织病理病变程度一致，联合检测肝病患者血清HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ及PLD水平，既可反映肝纤维化严重程度，又能了解肝坏死情况，为临床诊断治疗提供参考。     

慢性肝病患者血清转化生长因子β_1水平与肝纤维化的关系

目的 探讨血清转化生长因子β_1(TGF-β_1)水平与肝纤维化的关系及在肝纤维化中的诊断价值。方法对139例肝病患者血清采用ELISA法检测TGF-β_1水平,并同时采用放射免疫法检测血清HA、LN、Ⅳ-C等肝纤维化血清学指标。结果 随着病情加重、肝纤维化程度加深,血清TGF-β_1逐渐升高,以肝硬变组最明显;血清TGF-β_1水平与血清HA、LN、Ⅳ-C均呈明显的正相关,且与Ⅳ_C相关更密切。结论 血清TGF-β_1与肝纤维化有密切联系,其血清水平可反映肝纤维化的程度,可作为诊断肝纤维化的一项可靠的新的血清学指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.