Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon and bioactive adsorbent produced from paper mill sludge

Adsorption capacity and bioactivity of a novel mesoporous activated carbon (IIT Carbon) and bioactive (BAC_IIT) catalyst produced from papermill sludge were evaluated. Conversion of paper mill sludge to useful activated carbons and biocatalysts is a significant process since it reduces environmental problems associated with disposal of waste sludge, enhances wastewater treatment using carbons produced from industrial waste itself, and promotes conservation of the naturally available primary resources currently used to make activated carbons. Analysis was conducted using synthetic wastewater containing phenol and a commercially available activated carbon, sorbonorite 4 (used as reference carbon). Phenol removal was accomplished in batch and fluidized bed reactors containing mesoporous activated carbon, sorbonorite 4, and the produced bioactive catalysts. Isotherm adsorption data indicated that mesoporous activated carbon has a higher adsorption capacity and molecular surface coverage than sorbonorite 4 for phenol concentrations less than 10 mg/l. The mass transfer limitation was accounted for the lower adsorption capacity of the microporous carbon (sorbonorite 4) in dilute solutions. The fluidized bed reactor study, however, indicated similar but slightly lower phenol removal capability for the produced mesoporous carbon. While phenol removal efficiency of the carbons studied was in the range 65–70%, the produced bioactive catalysts were able to remove up to 97% of phenol during first few hours of operation. These results suggest that mesoporous carbon will feasibly be a good substitute for other commercially available activated carbons produced from natural resources, not only in physical adsorption processes, but also in fluidized bed bioreactors (FBB), used in biodegradation processes.     

剩余污泥消化后预处理高浓度生产废水

将好氧装置的剩余污泥加入污泥消化池,当池内污泥变黑并探测到有可燃气体时,加入生活污水和生产废水对消化污泥进行培养驯化,培养驯化期间应逐步减小生活污水水量,增加高浓度生产废水水量.用经过驯化的消化污泥预处理生产废水,有机物的去除率＞30%,pH也由5～6被提高到7以上.将好氧装置产生的剩余污泥消化后预处理高浓度的生产废水,剩余污泥被再利用,并且也有利于降低整套污水处理装置的运行成本.     

多级活性污泥法处理糠醛生产废水

采用多级活性污泥法工艺处理糠醛生产废水,该工艺运行稳定。运行结果表明,在进水CODCr的质量浓度为12 000～14 000 mg/L,BOD5的质量浓度为5 600 mg/L,pH值在3～4的条件下,处理出水CODCr的质量浓度达到56 mg/L,BOD5的质量浓度达到15 mg/L,去除率均超过99%,出水水质达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级排放标准。     

聚合物驱采油废水的活性污泥处理研究

聚合物驱采油废水为进水,采用逐渐加压法对好氧活性污泥进行驯化。结果表明,在进水中聚合物驱采油废水所占比例为15%～30%,曝气12 h的条件下,驯化污泥对进水CODCr的去除率可达70%左右,除油率高达76%,HPAM的降解率为40%左右。     

生物铁强化活性污泥法处理不同性质企业联片废水

江南某城镇工业园区集中了众多的医药、化工、磁性材料、染料、电镀等企业.这些企业所用的原料不同,生产工艺不同,产生的废水也不同.其中很多是高污染难处理的废水.该工业园区推行了一套先由企业进行一级预处理,然后进入联片污水厂集中处理的管理模式,采用先进的A/O2(生物铁强化活性污泥法 生物接触氧化法)的废水处理工艺,该处理系统经一年多的运行表明,COD、BOD、NH3-N的去除率高,出水达到GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,为工业园区联片废水处理探索了一条新路.     

酸化水解-活性污泥-生物接触氧化工艺处理有机污水

介绍了采用酸化水解——活性污泥——生物接触氧化工艺处理含有山梨醇、甘露醇、蔗糖、醋酸乙烯、甲基纤维素的有机污水。该工艺具有出水水质稳定，操作简单、管理方便，能耗低等优点，是处理该类有机污水的有效方法。     

活性污泥废水处理系统的优化

提出了基于活性污泥处理系统的模型,目的是优化能量消耗和提高废水排出质量。采用ASM1模型来模拟生物反应,对包括硝化、反硝化和曝气等复杂过程的活性污泥废水处理系统进行了模拟和优化研究。对比模拟结果和优化结果得到以下结论:对废水处理过程进行优化后,提高了废水出口质量,出口处的TSS、COD、BOD和TKN全部满足环境标准,同时降低了操作费用(约1/4)。     

活性污泥合成聚羟基烷酸酯中单体组分的调控

聚羟基烷酸酯(PHAs)是一类生物合成的环境友好高分子塑料,具有广泛应用前景.活性污泥合成PHAs可降低PHAs生产成本,实现废物资源化.PHAs的物化性质取决于其单体组分的结构和含量.基于优化PHAs产量的工艺研究,总结了调控活性污泥合成的聚羟基丁酸-羟基戊酸(PHBV)中羟基戊酰含量的工艺措施和生化原理.已有研究表明,好氧时,碳源类型决定PHBV中的单体组分;一般地,溶解氧浓度(DO)降低,PHBV中HV含量会增加;污泥来源、pH值以及碳源与氮磷浓度比的变化都会影响HV含量;各参数对PHAs组分的影响存在关联性.展望了调控活性污泥合成PHAs中单体组分的进一步研究方向.     

From pollutant to solution of wastewater pollution: Synthesis of activated carbon from textile sludge for dye adsorption

Adsorption is an important process in wastewater treatment,and conversion of waste materials to adsorbent offers a solution to high material cost related to the use of commercial activated carbon.This study investigated the adsorption behaviour of Reactive Black 5(RB5)and methylene blue(MB)onto activated carbon produced from textile sludge(TSAC).The activated carbon was synthesized through chemical activation of precursor followed with carbonization at 650°C under nitrogen flow.Effects of time(0–200 min),pH(2–10),temperature(25–60°C),initial dye concentration(0–200 mg·L~(-1)),and adsorbent dosage(0.01–0.15 g)on dye removal efficiency were investigated.Preliminary screening revealed that TSAC synthesized via H_2SO_4activation showed higher adsorption behaviour than TSAC activated by KCl and ZnCl_2.The adsorption capacity of TSAC was found to be 11.98 mg·g~(-1)(RB5)and 13.27 mg·g~(-1)(MB),and is dependent on adsorption time and initial dye concentration.The adsorption data for both dyes were well fitted to Freundlich isotherm model which explains the heterogeneous nature of TSAC surface.The dye adsorption obeyed pseudo-second order kinetic model,thus chemisorption was the controlling step.This study reveals potential of textile sludge in removal of dyes from aqueous solution,and further studies are required to establish the applicability of the synthesized adsorbent for the treatment of waste water containing toxic dyes from textile industry.     

高铁氧化-活性污泥耦合工艺处理甲草胺废水

研究了高铁氧化-活性污泥耦合工艺去除水中甲草胺的效能.高铁首先氧化废水中的甲草胺分子,然后进一步氧化其降解中间物.在优化工艺条件下,高铁可在10 min内完全去除40 mg/L甲草胺,但无法实现对甲草胺的完全矿化,氧化后水体中仍有大量CODCr残留.延长高铁氧化时间可提高甲草胺废水的可生化性,并降低废水对活性污泥处理能力的抑制.高铁氧化废水与市政污水按一定体积比混合后,进一步采用活性污泥工艺处理可最终实现对甲草胺的完全矿化过程.     

高负荷活性污泥法处理城市污水系统污泥产量的确定

根据高负荷活性污泥法处理系统对溶解性和颗粒性污染物的去除程度和机理不同,通过大量试验数据的回归拟合,提出了高负荷活性污泥法处理系统处理城市污水污泥产量的经验公式,并得到污泥表观产率Y0值,为今后高负荷活性污泥系统的工业化处理装置的设计、运行及理论研究提供一定的参考依据。     

活性污泥法处理洗浴废水的中水工艺试验研究

洗浴废水属优质杂排水,是中水处理的主要水源.本试验采用SBR法,利用生活污水直接曝气产生活性污泥,并对其培养驯化,使其适应处理洗浴废水.试验证明经洗浴废水渐变比例驯化培养,活性污泥微生物可很好地适应洗浴废水的水质,微生物活性较高、表现活跃,洗浴废水对活性污泥微生物的影响较小,其出水CODCr去除率可达到74.1%,经过处理后的洗浴废水达到中水回用标准;推出洗浴废水SBR活性污泥法中水处理工艺的最佳负荷为0.07～0.10 kg/(kg·d),该负荷可作为SBR法处理洗浴废水运行操作的参考依据.     

复合菌群利用模拟APG协同FNA预处理剩余污泥水解液合成PHA

为探究亚硝酸（FNA）预处理协同烷基糖苷（APG）处理剩余污泥水解液合成聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）的可行性,本文启动接种两种不同污泥的序批式反应器（SBR）富集PHA产生菌,研究活性污泥复合菌群以模拟APG协同FNA预处理剩余污泥的水解液为底物的PHA合成效果;并采用批次合成实验,考察pH、C/N和C/P对PHA合成量的影响。结果表明：与接种污水厂二沉池污泥的反应器（SBR^#1）相比,接种以葡萄糖为底物驯化成熟的产PHA混合菌的反应器（SBR^#2）在30天时得到的PHA合成量较高;随着富集时间的推移,到117天时,接种污水厂二沉池污泥得到的PHA产生菌性能更优。PHA合成的最佳条件为：pH=8,C/P=100∶0.03,C/N=125∶1。在此条件下,PHA合成量最大,为57.34%。以实际FNA预处理协同APG处理剩余污泥水解液为底物时,PHA的累积合成量为24.43%。该研究结果可丰富污泥合成PHA技术方法,为污泥的处理和资源化利用提供技术支持。     

Statistical assessment of starch removal from starchy wastewater using membrane technology

The present work deals with application of 2^5-2 fractional factorial design (FFD) to evaluate the operating parameters on starch separation from synthetic starchy wastewater using a hydrophilic polyethersulfone membrane with 0.65 μm pore size in a plate and frame handmade membrane module. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with F-test was also used to recognize non-significant terms. The performance of the filtration process was evaluated by calculating the COD removal percentage (rejection factor) and permeate flux. In this experiment, five input parameters were surveyed, including trans membrane pressure (TMP), flow and temperature of feed, pH and concentration of wastewater. In this experiment, real wastewater was not used but synthetic starchy wastewater was prepared using starch. Two models were obtained from experimental data, capable of predicting COD removal percentage and permeate flux in different conditions. The predicted values obtained from the regression models were close to the actual ones. For the reduction of fouling, cleaning in place (CIP) method was used.     

生物滤池-活性污泥法处理啤酒废水的实践

衡阳啤酒厂废水处理站设计规模为2100m^3/d;进水CODCr=800-1500mg/L,BOD5=400-800mg/L,SS=300-600mg/L。采用高负荷生物滤池－活性污泥法处理工艺,运行表明出水水质达到GB8978－1988污水综合排放标准中规定的一级标准,且投资省。     

混凝沉淀--活性污泥法处理PVA退浆废水的研究

采用混凝--优势菌活性污泥工艺进行了处理含PVA退浆废水的小试研究,其中活性污泥中接种了PVA降解优势菌.处理后CODCr去除率达到93.52%,出水水质达到了GB 4287-1992《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》中的二级排放标准.     

好氧颗粒污泥与絮状污泥处理高氨氮废水的比较研究

研究了好氧颗粒污泥SBR工艺(序列间歇式活性污泥法)和活性污泥SBR工艺处理高质量浓度氨氮废水的差异,研究表明絮状污泥在驯化适应期内的去除能力增长较快.比较平稳运行情况下的脱氮能力,颗粒与絮状的脱氮效果相比优势不大,因此,还需要对好氧颗粒污泥的其他影响条件做更充分的考察,以利于好氧颗粒工艺的工业化推广.