Lung cancer in central Tunisia: epidemiology and clinicopathological features

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide but data from Tunisia are limited. The aim of this research was to describe the epidemiology, pathology and clinical features of lung cancer in Central Tunisia. All lung cancer cases diagnosed during a 15-year period were analyzed based on the data of the Cancer Registry of the Center of Tunisia. Five-year age-specific rates, world age-standardized rates (ASR), and annual percent change were calculated using annual data on population size and the estimated age structure. A total of 1,882 incident cases of lung cancer were registered (1,782 males, 100 females). The median age at diagnosis was 64 years for males and 61 years for females, with ASRs of 35.2 per 100,000 among males and 1.5 among females. Over time, there were significant decreasing trends by -6.5% (95% CI: -12.9%; -0.2%) for females and a stable incidence for males at an annual rate of +0.2% (95% CI: -1.6%; +1.8%). The predominant histological type was squamous cell carcinoma in males (36.9%) and adenocarcinoma in females (52%). During 2003-2007, adenocarcinoma became the most frequent (33.7%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (30.3%) in males. The majority of tumor cases were diagnosed at advanced stages (79.9%). In conclusion, lung cancer has remained the most common cancer diagnosed at advanced stages among Tunisian men. Our findings justify the need to plan and develop effective programs aiming at the control and prevention of the spread of lung cancer in Tunisia.     

Cervical Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell CarcinomaIncidence Trends among Tunisian Women

Introduction: Uterine cervix cancer is an important public health problem in Tunisia. In this study, we reporttrends in the incidence of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri in the central regionof Tunisia during 1993-2006. Design: Data were obtained from the Cancer Registry of the Center of Tunisiawhich registers invasive cancer cases by active methods. Five-year age-specific rates, crude incidence rates (CR),world age-standardized rates (ASR), percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were calculatedusing annual population data. Results: Among all women cancers, cervix uteri cancer accounted for 5.9% andranked the fourth during the study period with an ASR of 6.9 per 100,000. The ASRs decreased notably with anAPC of -6.7% over the whole period. However, incidence rates of adenocarcinomas have increased during thelast years (APC: +14.4%). Conclusion: The introduction of cytological screening programs has led to a markeddecrease of the incidence rates of cervix uteri cancer among Tunisian women. The data underline the fact thatthe population-based cancer registry is an indispensable tool for providing data for planning and evaluation ofprograms for cancer control.     

Trends in the incidence of cancer in the Sousse region,Tunisia, 1993–2006

In this article, we analyzed trends in incidence rates of the major cancer sites for a 14‐year period, 1993–2006, in the Sousse region localized in the centre of Tunisia. Five‐year age‐specific rates, crude incidence rates (CR), world age‐standardized rates (ASR), percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were calculated using annual data on population size and its estimated age structure. A total of 6,975 incident cases of cancer were registered, with a male to‐female sex ratio of 1.4:1. ASRs showed stable trends (?0.1% in males, and +1.0% in females). The leading cancer sites in rank were lung, breast, lymphoma, colon‐rectum, bladder, prostate, leukemia, stomach and cervix uteri. For males, the incidence rates of lung, bladder and prostate cancers remained stable over time. While, cancers of colon‐rectum showed a marked increase in incidence (APC: +4.8%; 95% CI: 1.2%, 8.4%) and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) showed a notable decline (APC: ?4.4%; 95% CI: ?8.2, ?0.6). For females, cancers of the breast (APC: +2.2%; 95% CI: 0.4%, 4.0%) and corpus uteri (APC: +7.4%; 95% CI: 2.8%, 12.0%) showed a marked increase in incidence during the study period, while the cervix uteri cancer decreased significantly (APC: ?6.1%; 95% CI: ?9.2%, ?3.0%). The results underline the increasing importance of cancer as a cause of mortality and morbidity in Tunisia. Our findings justify the need to develop effective program aiming at the control and prevention of the spread of cancer amongst Tunisian population.     

Descriptive Epidemiology of Female Breast Cancer in Delhi,India

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in females worldwide. The Population Based Cancer Registry data of Delhi were here used to describe the epidemiology and trends in breast cancer incidence in Delhi. Methods: Crude rate, age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) and age-specific incidence rates were calculated using the data collected by Delhi PBCR for the year 2012. The time trend of breast cancer incidence was evaluated by joinpoint regression using the PBCR data from 1988-2012. Results: A total of 19,746 cancer cases were registered in 2012, 10,148 in males and 9,598 in females. Breast cancer was the leading site of cancer in females accounting for 2,744 (28.6%) of cases with a median age of 50 years. The crude and age standardized incidence rates for breast cancer were 34.8 and 41.0 per 100,000 females, respectively. Age specific incidence rates increased with age and attained a peak in the 70-74 years age group..A statistically significant increase in ASR with an annual percentage change (APC) of 1.44% was observed. Conclusions: The breast, which was the second most common cancer site in Delhi in 1988, has now surpassed cancer of cervix to become the leading site over the years. A similar trend has also been noted for other metropolitan cities viz. Bangalore, Bhopal and Chennai. Though the ASRs in these are comparable, they are still low compared to Western countries. Changing life styles in metropolitan cities like delayed marriage, late age at first child birth, lower parity and higher socio-economic status, may be some of the probable primary cause for higher incidences of breast cancer in urban as opposed to rural areas.     

2009—2015年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区甲状腺癌流行特征及变化趋势

目的 分析甘肃省肿瘤登记地区2009—2015年甲状腺癌发病与死亡的流行状况.方法 审核整理2009—2015年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区甲状腺癌发病(死亡)例数、发病(死亡)率、构成比、中标率、世标率等,分析年龄别发病、死亡情况,并通过Jointpoint回归模型计算年度变化百分比(Annual percentage cha...     

Trends in the incidence of cancer in Qidong, China, 1978-2002

A population-based cancer registry was established in Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China, in 1972, and the trends in incidence rates of the major cancer sites have been analyzed for a 25-year period, 1978-2002. Five-year age-specific rates, crude incidence rates, world age-standardized rates (ASR), percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were calculated using annual data on population size, and estimates of its age structure. The indices of histological verification of diagnosis, death certificate only and proportion of mortality to incidence were employed for assessing the registration quality. A total of 51,933 incident cases of cancer were registered in Qidong from years 1978 to 2002, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.9:1. Crude incidence increased markedly over the 25-year period (PC and APC of +55.6% and +2.1%, respectively), but ASR showed a slight decrease (-0.4% in males, and -0.3% in females), indicating that the major part of this is due to population ageing. The leading cancer sites in rank were liver (average ASR = 50.8 per 100,000), stomach (26.7), lung (22.7), colon-rectum (8.9), oesophagus (7.4) and breast (5.4). Cancers of liver, lung, colon-rectum and female breast all showed increases in incidence during the study period, with APCs (ASR) of +0.1%, +1.7% and +1.4% for males, and +0.2%, +0.9%, +1.9% and +1.1% for females, while the cancers of stomach (APC: -3.2% in male, and --2.4% in female) and cervix (APC: -4.7%) showed notable declines. Examination of age-specific rates showed declining trends in the younger generations for liver cancer, but increases for cervix cancer. The results underline the increasing importance of cancer as a cause of mortality and morbidity in a population that is ageing and undergoing profound changes in socioeconomic development and lifestyle. The cancers of high lethality that have been common in the Chinese population (liver, stomach, oesophagus) are showing some evidence of decline, at least in younger generations, but they remain major problems. At the same time, the cancers associated with economically "developed" societies -- lung, colon-rectum and female breast -- are showing increases. The population-based cancer registry is an indispensable tool for providing data for planning and evaluation of programmes for cancer control in all societies.     

Colorectal Cancer Incidence Trend and Projections in Tunisia (1994 - 2024)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe trends of colorectal cancer incidence during the period 1994-2009 and to generate projections until 2024. Methods: The North-Tunisia Cancer Registry (NTCR) was the source of data for patients with CRC. This registry lists, since 1994, cases of malignant tumors in people living in North Tunisia, including the District of Tunis, the north east and the north west. Cases were classified using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. Data were analyzed using R software and Joinpoint one was employed to analyse trends. Projections were performed using the Age Period Cohort based on poisson regression. Results: During the period 1994 to 2009, 6,909 new cases of CRC were registered in Northern Tunisia. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) increased significantly from 6.4/100,000 in 1994 to 12.4/100,000 in 2009. Trends in CRC incidence was significantly rising with an annual percentage change (APC) of + 3,9% [2.8% -5.1%]. Without effective interventions, the predicted CRC ASR would be 39.3/100,000 [CI 95%: 32,9/100,000 - 48,8/100,000] in 2024. Conclusion: The incidence of colorectal cancer is clearly increasing in Tunisia. Strengthening of screening and primary prevention measures is to be recommended.     

肝癌流行趋势的改变:基于启东40年癌症登记资料的分析

[目的]探讨启东市1972-2011年肝癌发病趋势的变化,为肝癌的流行趋势及预防控制的评估提供决策依据。[方法]基于启东市癌症发病登记数据库,计算肝癌粗发病率（CR）、中国人口标化率（中标率）、世界人口标化率（世标率）、35-64岁截缩率、0-74岁累积率、累积风险、变化百分比（PC）及年均变化百分比（APC）等指标。[结果]1972-2011年启东肝癌发病28 398例（男性21 404例,女性6 994例）,占全部癌症发病的30.61%,位居癌症发病第1位。CR为63.17/10万,中标率和世标率分别为39.32/10万和50.71/10万;35-64岁截缩发病率为119.06/10万;0-74岁累积发病率为5.28%;肝癌发病的累积风险为5.15%。40年间肝癌发病的CR、中标率、世标率的变化百分比（PC）分别为40.77%、-44.35%与-37.24%,年均变化百分比（APC）分别为1.44%、-1.14%、-0.83%。各时期肝癌发病率显示45-74岁各年龄组发病率趋势稳定,75岁及以上年龄组的发病率有所上升,而35-44及以下各年龄组的发病率均有下降趋势。年龄—出生队列方法分析显示45岁以下各年龄组出生队列的发病率有明显的下降趋势。[结论]启东40年来肝癌粗发病率（绝对数）虽呈上升趋势,但标化率已呈明显的下降趋势;青年人中肝癌发病率的下降尤为显著。     

江苏省昆山市1981—2014年结直肠癌死亡趋势分析

目的 探究江苏省昆山市1981—2014年结直肠癌死亡率变化趋势。方法 查询来源于死因监测的历年结直肠癌死亡病例,计算分性别-年龄组粗死亡率与年龄标化率,使用平均年度变化百分比（annual percentage change, APC）及其95%CI评价结直肠癌死亡率等在年份之间变化趋势。中国2000年人口结构用于计算年龄标化率;计算0~74岁累积死亡率（%）评价因直肠癌死亡的风险。结果 昆山市1981—2014年间结直肠癌死亡数逐年增加（APC=1.4%, 95%CI: 1.0%~1.8%）;结直肠癌0~74岁累积死亡率由1981年的1.94%下降到2014年的0.72%（APC=-2.7%,95%CI: -3.3%~-2.1%）。全人群中结直肠癌年龄标化死亡率由1981年的16.87/10万下降到2014年的6.50/10万（APC=-2.4%, 95%CI: -2.9%~-1.9%）,男性（APC=-2.2%, 95%CI: -2.8%~-1.6%）和女性（APC=-2.7%, 95%CI: -3.4%~-2.0%）人群中也呈现明显下降趋势。结论 虽然昆山市过去30年高水平结直肠癌死亡率呈现持续下降趋势,但因结直肠癌死亡的例数逐年增加,仍旧是威胁居民健康的主要恶性肿瘤。     

Female Breast Cancer Mortality Rates in Turkey

The main objective of this study was to analyze the mortality trends of female breast cancer in Turkey betweenthe years 1987-2008. The rates per 100,000 age-standardized to the European standard population were assessedand time trends presented using joinpoint regression analysis. Average annual percent change (AAPC), anualpercent change (APC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Nearly 23,000 breast cancer deathsoccurred in Turkey during the period 1987-2008, with the average annual age-standardized mortality rate (ASR)being 11.9 per 100,000 women. In the last five years, significant increases were observed in all age groups, butthere was no significant change over the age of 65. In this period, the biggest significant increase was in the 45-54age group (AAPC=4.3, 95%CI=2.6 to 6.0).     

2015年上海市恶性肿瘤流行特征分析

背景与目的：恶性肿瘤严重威胁着居民健康，已成为重大的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在描述和分析2015年上海市恶性肿瘤流行特征。方法：根据上海市恶性肿瘤病例报告登记系统收集的恶性肿瘤发病和死亡资料，按地区、性别分层，分别计算恶性肿瘤发病与死亡粗率、标化率、前10位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡顺位和构成等，并应用Joinpoint统计软件分析2002—2015年上海市肺癌发病和死亡趋势，估算总体和分阶段的年度变化百分比（annual percent change，APC）。采用Segi’s世界标准人口年龄构成计算标化率。结果：2015年上海市共报告恶性肿瘤新发病例71 610例，死亡病例38 445例。病理学诊断比例（percentage of morphologically verified cases，MV%）为78.42%，只有死亡医学证明书比例（percentage of death certifications only，DCO%）为0.21%，死亡发病比（mortality to incidence ratio，M/I）为0.55。上海市恶性肿瘤粗发病率为497.33/10万，标化发病率为228.82/10万，男性标化发病率低于女性，市区低于郊区。恶性肿瘤发病在40岁以后快速上升，在80~84岁年龄组达到高峰。全市发病前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、脑和中枢神经系统肿瘤以及膀胱癌，前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤发病的76.59%。全市恶性肿瘤粗死亡率为267.00/10万，标化死亡率为95.99/10万，男性标化死亡率高于女性，市区和郊区基本持平。死亡率在45岁以后快速上升，在≥85岁年龄组达到高峰。死亡前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、食管癌、胆囊癌、前列腺癌以及脑和中枢神经系统肿瘤，前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的78.07%。截至2016年12月31日，上海市共有399 027例现患肿瘤病例，现患率为2.77%。市区现患率为3.07%，郊区为2.55%。乳腺癌是现患病例中最常见的恶性肿瘤，占15.33%。现患病例生存达5年的占50.90%。肺癌是上海市发病和死亡均位居第1位的恶性肿瘤。Joinpoint趋势分析显示，2011年男性和女性肺癌发病率均出现拐点。男性肺癌发病率在2002—2011年期间显著下降，APC为-1.34%（P<0.001），自2011年起显著上升，APC为3.30%（P<0.001）；女性肺癌发病率在2002—2011年期间无明显变化趋势，较为平稳，2011—2015年期间呈快速上升趋势，APC达15.25%（P<0.001）。与发病率变化不同，2002—2015年间上海市男性肺癌死亡率呈缓慢持续下降趋势，APC为-0.72%（P=0.03），女性无明显变化趋势。与2002年相比，2015年男性和女性肺癌诊断时期别为Ⅰ期的病例比例和腺癌比例均明显上升。男性肺癌诊断时期别Ⅰ期比例由2002年的3.96%上升到2015年的11.08%，女性由3.72%上升至23.57%。男性腺癌比例由2002年的15.81%上升到2015年的34.46%，女性由28.76%上升至66.08%。结论：肺癌、消化系统恶性肿瘤、甲状腺癌和女性乳腺癌仍是威胁上海市居民健康的主要癌种。乳腺癌是现患病例中最常见的恶性肿瘤。自2011年开始，男性和女性肺癌发病率显著上升，提示与低剂量螺旋CT广泛应用有一定关系，但需更多数据和研究支持。     

启东市1972~2011年乳腺癌发病趋势分析

[目的]探讨启东市1972-2011年乳腺癌发病变化趋势,为乳腺癌预防控制提供依据。[方法]根据启东市1972-2011年癌症发病登记数据库,对乳腺癌发病率作年龄、时间趋势分析,计算指标包括粗发病率、中国人口标化率（中标率）、世界人口标化率（世标率）、35-64岁截缩率、0-74岁累积率、累积风险、变化百分比（PC）及年均变化百分比（APC）等。[结果]1972-2011年启东男女性乳腺癌共发病3452例,粗发病率为7.68/10万,占全部癌症发病的3.72%,位居癌症发病第6位。中标率和世标率分别为4.65/10万和6.13/10万;35-64岁截缩发病率为15.31/10万;0-74岁累积发病率为0.64%;乳腺癌发病的累积风险为0.64%。男女性乳腺癌发病性别比为1∶62.93。女性乳腺癌位居女性癌症发病的第4位,粗率、中标率和世标率分别为14.94/10万、9.00/10万和11.78/10万。女性乳腺癌的发病率随年龄的增加而升高,35-岁组进入增长期,50-岁组达到发病率高峰,为37.10/10万。40年间女性乳腺癌发病的粗率、中标率和世标率的变化百分比（PC）分别为269.74%、73.80%和81.48%,年均变化百分比（APC）分别为3.38%、1.21%和1.31%。各时期女性乳腺癌发病率显示25-34岁年龄组的升降趋势不明显,35-岁以后各年龄组的发病率均有上升趋势。年龄-出生队列方法分析女性乳腺癌,显示40-岁以后各年龄组的发病率均呈上升趋势。[结论]启东近40年来女性乳腺癌发病率有上升趋势,40岁以上的女性是乳腺癌防治的重点。     

启东市1972~2011年结直肠癌发病趋势分析

[目的]探讨启东市1972-2011年结直肠癌发病变化趋势,为制定结直肠癌预防控制措施与策略提供依据。[方法]采用启东市1972-2011年癌症发病登记数据库,对结直肠癌发病率作性别、年龄、时间趋势分析,计算指标包括粗发病率、中国人口标化率（中标率）、世界人口标化率（世标率）、35-64岁截缩率、0-74岁累积率、累积风险率、变化百分比（PC）及年均变化百分比（APC）等。[结果]1972-2011年启东结直肠癌发病6035例（男性2926例,女性3109例）,粗发率为13.43/10万,占全部癌症发病的6.50%,位居癌症发病第4位。中标率和世标率分别为6.20/10万和9.80/10万;35-64岁截缩发病率为14.36/10万;0-74岁累积发病率为1.16%;结直肠癌发病的累积风险为1.15%。40年间结直肠癌发病的粗率、中标率和世标率的变化百分比（PC）分别为373.63%、67.42%与88.38%,年均变化百分比（APC）分别为4.21%、1.38%、1.58%。各时期结直肠癌发病率显示55岁以上各年龄组发病率有显著的上升趋势。年龄—出生队列方法分析显示,45岁以后的各年龄组出生队列发病率有明显的上升趋势。40年中结肠癌、直肠癌的粗率分别为3.93/10万、9.49/10万,中标率分别为1.81/10万、4.39/10万,世标率分别为2.87/10万、6.94/10万。40年中直肠癌在结直肠癌的占比为70.72%,近期直肠癌的占比有所下降。[结论]启东40年来结直肠癌发病率有明显上升趋势,应加强结直肠癌的防控。     

Characteristics and trends in incidence of childhood cancer in Beijing,China, 2000-2009

Objective： To investigate the characteristics and incidence trends of childhood cancer in Beijing, China, from 2000 to 2009. Methods： A total of 1,274 cases with childhood cancer in Beijing from 2000 to 2009 were included in the study. All rates were age-standardized using the direct method to the world standard population and expressed per million person-years. Incidence trends were characterized by calculating annual percent change （APC） usingJoinpoint Regression Program. Results： The crude incidence rate was 106.47 per million [age-standardized rate （ASR） 113.34] between 2000 and 2009 in Beijing with the most common diagnoses, leukemia （N=505, 39.64%, ASR 45.20）, followed by central nervous system （CNS） tumors （N=228, 17.90%, ASR 19.28） and lyrnphoma （N=91, 7.14%, ASR 6.97）. The incidence for all childhood cancers combined has increased during the study period, with an APC of 5.84% [95% confidence interval （95% CI）： 1.0-10.9] after adjusted by world population. The ASR of all combined cancers in boys showed a slight, but no significant increase, with an APC of 5.33 % （95 % CI： -0.6- 11.6）; for girls, the trends increased significantly, with an APC of 6.54% （95% CI： 1.5-11.8）. Conclusions： The incidence rate of childhood cancer in Beijing was higher than the average level of China and lower than that of western countries. The incidence trends of childhood cancer, especially leukemia among girls showed a significantly increase from 2000 to 2009. While among boys, no substantially change was seen during the observed time period. Some sex-specific trends by subcategories and trends of major cancers in different age groups by cancer site merit further investigation.     

启东市1972~2011年胃癌发病趋势分析

[目的]探讨启东市1972-2011年胃癌发病率变化趋势。[方法]基于启东市1972-2011年癌症发病登记数据库,对胃癌发病率作性别、年龄别、时间趋势分析,计算指标包括粗发病率、中国人口标化率（中标率）、世界人口标化率（世标率）、35-64岁截缩率、0-74岁累积率、累积风险、变化百分比（PC）及年均变化百分比（APC）等。[结果]1972-2011年启东胃癌发病15 401例（男性9804例,女性5597例）,粗发病率为34.26/10万,占全部癌症发病的16.60%,位居癌症发病第2位。中标率和世标率分别为16.25/10万和25.59/10万;35-64岁截缩发病率为40.03/10万;0-74岁累积发病率为3.15%,累积风险为3.10%。40年间胃癌发病的粗率、中标率和世标率的变化百分比（PC）分别为＋21.90%、-55.32%与-51.20%,年均变化百分比（APC）分别为＋0.49%、-2.12%、-2.06%。各时期胃癌发病率显示25-74岁各年龄组的发病率有下降趋势。年龄—出生队列方法分析显示,25-79岁各年龄组出生队列发病率有下降趋势。[结论]启东胃癌40年粗发病率总体维持在较高水平,但标化发病率已呈下降趋势。启东人群中胃癌的进一步下降,是可以预期的。     

Trends in Liver Cancer Incidence between 1985 and 2009, Khon Kaen,Thailand: Cholangiocarcinoma

Background: The Khon Kaen Cancer Registry (KKCR), having both hospital and population-based registration, was established in 1984 at the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University. Liver cancer is the most frequent malignancy among Thais from northeastern Thailand, but there has hitherto been no assessment of trends over time. Objective: To perform a statistical assessment of the incidence trends between 1985 and 2009 of liver cancer, specifically focusing on cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA). Methods: Cases of CHCA, registered between 1985 and 2009, were retrieved from the KKCR and all those with a specific ICD-O-3rd diagnosis with a coding of C22.1, C24.0, C24.8 and C24.9 were selected. Incidence trends were calculated using the generalized linear model method (GLM), which generates incidence rate based logarithms. Jointpoint analysis was used to identify the best fitting model. Results: Of the 18,589 cases of liver cancer 42% (7,859) were hepatocellular carcinoma and 58% (10,731) were CHCA. Among persons with CHCA, males were affected two times more frequently than females. Three-quarters of the cases were between 55 and 69 years of age. Morphology verified through a cytological or histological examination of tissue from the primary site (%MV) was only 10.8 % (1,141). The respective overall Age Standardized Rate (ASR) for CHCA from 1985 to 2009 was 16.8 to 62.0 per 100,000 among males and 4.8 to 25.6 per 100,000 among females. The respective, overall, ASR of CHCA among males vs. females was 44.3 per 100,000 (95% CI: 38.9 to 49.7) vs. 17.6 (95% CI: 14.5 to 20.7). Among males vs. females, the respective incidence from 1990 to 2009 has been significantly decreasing by –0.7% per year (annual percent change, APC: –0.7%, 95%CI: –2.1% to +0.8%) vs. –0.4% per year (APC: –0.4%, 95% CI: –2.1% to +1.4%).Conclusions: The rate increase in the first 5 to 6 years may be due to improved completeness of the registry, since in the subsequent 10 to 12 years there is a rather stable rate. It may be, however, that the recent decline in incidence represents a real fall in risk.     

Colorectal Cancer in Central Tunisia: Increasing Incidence Trends over a 15-Year Period

Introduction: Significant variation in colorectal cancer incidence rates and trends has been observed acrosscountries. Data from Tunisia are sparse. In this paper, we analyzed trends in incidence rates of the colorectalcancer over a 15-year period, 1993-2007, in Central Tunisia. Design: Five-year age-specific rates, crude incidencerates, world age-standardized rates, and annual percent change were calculated using annual data on populationsize and its estimated age structure. Results: A total of 1,443 incident cases of colorectal cancer were registered,with a male to-female sex ratio of 1.1:1. The world age-standardized rate was 10.0 per 100,000 among femalesand 11.7 among males. Over time, there were significant increasing trends by +2.6% (95% CI: 0.1%, 5.1%)and +5.3% (95% CI: 2.7%, 7.9%) for females and males, respectively. Conclusion: The absence of a screeningprogram for colorectal cancer could explain the increasing trends observed among males and females in CentralTunisia. Our findings point the need to plan and develop effective programs aimed at the control and preventionof the spread of colorectal cancer in Tunisia.     

Incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer according to histologic subtypes in Korea, 1999 to 2012

Objective

To investigate trends in the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), according to histologic subtypes, in Korean women between 1999 and 2012.

Methods

Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry recorded between 1999 and 2012 were evaluated. The incidences of EOC histologic subtypes were counted. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and annual percentage changes (APCs) in incidence rates were calculated. Patient data were divided into three groups based on age (<40, 40 to 59, and >59 years), and age-specific incidence rates were compared.

Results

Overall, the incidence of EOC has increased. Annual EOC cases increased from 922 in 1999 to 1,775 in 2012. In 1999, the ASR was 3.52 per 100,000 and increased to 4.79 per 100,000 in 2012 (APC, 2.53%; p<0.001). The ASRs in 2012 and APCs between 1999 and 2012 for the four major histologic subtypes were as follows (in order of incidence): serous carcinoma (ASR, 2.32 per 100,000; APC, 4.34%; p<0.001), mucinous carcinoma (ASR, 0.73 per 100,000; APC, –1.05%; p=0.131), endometrioid carcinoma (ASR, 0.51 per 100,000; APC, 1.48%; p=0.032), and clear cell carcinoma (ASR, 0.50 per 100,000; APC, 8.13%; p<0.001). In the sub-analyses based on age, clear cell carcinoma was confirmed as the histologic subtype whose incidence had increased the most since 1999.

Conclusion

The incidence of EOC is increasing in Korea. Among the histologic subtypes, the incidence of clear cell carcinoma has increased markedly across all age groups since 1999.     

2009—2015年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区子宫体癌发病与死亡特征分析

目的 分析甘肃省肿瘤登记地区2009—2015年子宫体癌发病和死亡流行状况及变化趋势,为甘肃省子宫体癌的防治提供依据.方法 审核整理2009—2015年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区子宫体癌发病(死亡)率、构成比、中国人口标化率(中标率)和世界人口标化率(世标率)等,分析年龄别发病及死亡情况,并通过Joinpoint回归模型计算年...     

1987~2011年嘉善县大肠癌发病分析

[目的]分析嘉善县1987~2011年大肠癌的发病特征及变化趋势。[方法]对嘉善县肿瘤登记处1987年1月1日至2011年12月31日期间大肠癌发病资料进行统计分析。计算粗发病率、中国人口标化发病率（中标率）和世界人口标化发病率（世标率）。[结果]1987~2011年新发大肠癌3013例,粗发病率31.99/10万,中标率17.19/10万,世标率22.59/10万,35~64岁截缩率35.03/10万,0~64岁累积率1.39%,0~74岁累积率2.78%。大肠癌粗率的PC和APC分别为109.88%和3.08%（直肠癌37.73%和1.47%,结肠癌266.67%和5.05%）,世标率的PC和APC分别为16.81%和0.37%（直肠癌-22.38%和-1.07%,结肠癌99.73%和2.19%）。大肠癌发病率从45~岁年龄组开始上升。1987~2001年直肠癌、结肠癌的新发病例分别占56.67%和43.33%,2002~2011年则分别占45.55%和54.45%。[结论]嘉善县大肠癌的发病率呈上升趋势,其中以结肠癌的发病上升为主。建议大肠癌筛查的起始年龄为45岁。