引汉济渭调水工程受水区水资源优化配置研究

陕西省引汉济渭调水工程是解决关中地区严重缺水的跨流域调水工程,在充分考虑受水区的经济、社会和生态环境等因素以及水资源供需平衡分析基础上,基于系统分析方法建立了大系统分解协调模型,以供水区综合效益最大、缺水量最小为全局最优解,得到了2020年和2030年调水工程所调水量的优化配置方案。     

渭南市供水水资源优化配置研究

以渭南市城市供水水资源系统为研究对象,采用动态规划优化理论原理,建立了渭南市城市水资源优化配置模型,提出了效益函数的建立方法,研制出了功能全面的水资源优化配置软件。该成果在渭南市水资源优化配置计算中取得了满意结果,可供同类型地区进行水资源优化配置参考。     

水资源优化配置方案综合评价的模糊熵模型

由于水资源优化配置方案具有多目标性和模糊不相容性的特点,在模糊理论分析的墓础上,结合欧氏贴近度的概念,建立了基于欧氏贴近度的水资源优化配置方案综合评价的模糊优选模型。模型中基于信息熵建立了专家自身权重模型来修正层次分析法得到的指标主观权重,得到的指标融合权重减少了权重确定的主观性。以天津市水资源优化配置方案综合评价为例介绍了该模型的具体运用,该模型为水资源优化配置方案综合计价提供了一种新的决策方法。     

区域水资源优化配置模型应用研究

水资源配置不仅关系到当地的生态系统安全,也关系到水资源的可持续利用。根据水资源优化配置的理论与方法,在可持续发展理论指导下,建立水资源优化配置系统模型,并以临沂市为例,对上述模型进行实例计算,结果表明,该模型计算简单,能够满足生产实际的需要。     

基于多目标遗传算法的水资源优化配置

文章基于进化计算思想提出了水资源优化配置的多目标遗传算法,建立了基于并列选择多目标遗传算法的水资源优化配置模型.并结合实例分析,求出水资源优化配置问题的Pareto最优解.优化结果表明,该算法应用在水资源优化配置中是合理、有效的.     

面向可持续发展的水资源优化配置模型研究

水资源优化配置是解决水资源供需矛盾、实现水资源可持续利用的有效手段。以社会经济、资源、环境协调发展为目标,建立了水资源优化配置的多目标模型,并以郑州市为例,对模型进行了验证。应用结果表明,该模型是科学、有效、实用的,配置结果是合理的。     

长江流域水资源配置模型研究

根据长江流域水资源配置特点，以水资源三级区作为模型的配置单元，按流域水系、水利工程、用水节点的相互关系，在GIS背景上建立长江流域水资源配置模拟模型。拟定流域水资源配置规则或水资源配置方案，并使用该模型对拟定的水资源配置方案进行模拟计算，根据计算结果对方案进行评价和筛选，从而为研究长江流域水资源合理配置方案提供科学分析手段。通过对2000年现状水平年的水资源配置模拟计算，并与实际调查值进行比较，两者结果非常接近，表明配置模型具有较好的适用性。     

基于虚拟水理论区域水资源承载力评价方法

文中以陕西省关中地区为例,选取代表年,分析评价了区域规划期内水资源承载能力,为区域水资源优化配置以及调整区域社会经济和人口发展规划提供理论依据。     

农业用水优化配置研究

我国是农业大国，农业用水量所占比重相当大。针对农业用水问题，在水资源量确定的情况下，建立多目标优化配置模型，并考虑经济、社会发展等多个目标，以水资源总量等为约束条件。对水资源配置方法、农业用水优化配置模型的建立和求解等作了介绍。计算例证表明，该配置模型合理可行。     

陕西省引汉济渭工程受水区水资源优化配置研究

以陕西省引汉济渭工程为背景,以受水区缺水量最少、经济效益最大和污水排放最小为目标,建立了陕西省引汉济渭受水区水资源优化配置模型,通过粒子群优算法对模型进行了求解,得到了受水区各主要城市及其各用水部门的分配水量,决了受水区多目标多水源复杂水资源优化配置问题.通过求解模型可以看出陕西内各主要城市生活需水基本得以解决;工业需水和生态需水得到很大缓解.     

Optimal Inter-Basin Water Allocation Using Crisp and Fuzzy Shapley Games

In recent years, uneven distribution of available water resources as well as increasing water demands and overexploiting the water resources have brought severe need for transferring water from basins having sufficient water to basins facing water shortages. Therefore, optimal allocation of shared water resources in water transfer projects, considering the utilities of different stakeholders, physical limitations of the system and socioeconomic criteria is an important task. In this paper, a new methodology based on crisp and fuzzy Shapley games is developed for optimal allocation of inter-basin water resources. In the proposed methodology, initial water allocations are obtained using an optimization model considering an equity criterion. In the second step, the stakeholders form crisp coalitions to increase the total net benefit of the system as well as their own benefits and a crisp Shapley Value game is used to reallocate the benefits produced in the crisp coalitions. Lastly, to provide maximum total net benefit, fuzzy coalitions are constituted and the participation rates of water users to fuzzy coalitions are optimized. Then, the total net benefit is reallocated to water users in a rational and equitable way using Fuzzy Shapley Value game. The effectiveness of this method is examined by applying it to a large scale case study of water transfer from the Karoon river basin in southern Iran to the Rafsanjan plain in central Iran.     

A Fair Approach for Multi-Objective Water Resources Allocation

Due to the effect of climate change, rapid population growth and widespread water pollution, fresh water becomes an increasingly scarce natural resource. Optimal allocation of water resources is one of the most effective resolutions to deal with rising water demand and insufficient freshwater resources. This study proposes a fair approach for water resources allocation by employing the Sperner’s lemma to solve the conflicts of different objectives and those of competing regions. A multi-objective optimal allocation model is firstly formulated to generate the Pareto frontier surface, which maximizes the economic interest while minimizing the amount of organic pollutants. Subsequently, the approach searches for acceptable allocation schemes over the Pareto frontier surfaces through the total water quantity and envy-free constraints. The proposed model is applied to the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang river basin in China. Results indicate that water allocation between multi-region can achieve Nash equilibrium by using the water conflict resolution method to select fair water allocation schemes, in which each region obtains its preferred water quantity. The proposed approach is proved effective for water resources management in the case study and demonstrates the potential for effective application in other basins.

     

对水资源合理配置的再认识

水资源合理配置有两个层面上的意义,其一为遵循某些原则在流域、区域尺度上进行的水量调配,即初始水权的分配;其二为各区域在获得配置份额后,在供水对象尺度上再次进行分配,即在区域范围内各用水户之间的调配。在建设节约型社会的新时期,水资源合理配置对实现社会、经济和生态环境的协调发展起到关键的纽带作用,充分认识和正确处理各种配置要素显得尤为重要,现尝试从概念、内涵、外延等方面对水资源合理配置进行再认识。     

A Model for Solving the Optimal Water Allocation Problem in River Basins with Network Flow Programming When Introducing Non-Linearities

The allocation of water resources between different users is a traditional problem in many river basins. The objective is to obtain the optimal resource distribution and the associated circulating flows through the system. Network flow programming is a common technique for solving this problem. This optimisation procedure has been used many times for developing applications for concrete water systems, as well as for developing complete decision support systems. As long as many aspects of a river basin are not purely linear, the study of non-linearities will also be of great importance in water resources systems optimisation. This paper presents a generalised model for solving the optimal allocation of water resources in schemes where the objectives are minimising the demand deficits, complying with the required flows in the river and storing water in reservoirs. Evaporation from reservoirs and returns from demands are considered, and an iterative methodology is followed to solve these two non-network constraints. The model was applied to the Duero River basin (Spain). Three different network flow algorithms (Out-of-Kilter, RELAX-IV and NETFLO) were used to solve the allocation problem. Certain convergence issues were detected during the iterative process. There is a need to relate the data from the studied systems with the convergence criterion to be able to find the convergence criterion which yields the best results possible without requiring a long calculation time.     

跨流域调水水权分配与水市场运行机制初步探讨

为了保证调水工程正常运行,更有效地提高调水的利用效率,建立水权制度和水市场是必要的。根据国内外水权管理及水市场应用的理论和实践,探讨了跨流域调水初始水权分配、水权交易及水市场运行机制和制度化建设框架,提出了跨流域调水初始水权分配方法、水市场的3级结构。讨论了交易价格、水市场的运行模式和应注意的问题。     

基于区间犹豫模糊语言集的水资源多目标决策

以鄂北水资源配置工程为对象,研究大型调水工程背景下的多水源多目标优化配置。将鄂北地区水库分为充蓄水库、补偿水库与在线水库等3类,根据各类水库特点对鄂北水资源配置工程进行系统概化,建立以年缺水量最小和调水成本最低为目标函数的多水源多目标优化配置模型。采用权重系数法进行求解得到非劣解集。最后采用基于区间犹豫模糊语言与TOPSIS的多目标决策方法对各方案的缺水量与调水量作出评价并遴选出最优方案。研究结果表明:对鄂北水资源配置工程而言,缺水量与调水量的权重比为7∶3的方案综合评价最优,重视缺水的同时兼顾调水成本;基于区间犹豫模糊语言集与TOPSIS的水资源多目标决策方法经本文实例验证具有较高的稳定性与可行性。     

水资源系统优化配置研究进展与展望

概述了水资源系统优化配置的内涵、意义及其在水资源可持续开发利用中的作用.基于对国内外水资源系统优化配置的研究尤其是模拟模型的评述,指出充分考虑生态效益与社会效益,水质水量联合优化配置,3S技术和新优化算法的应用,以计算机技术为先导的通用水资源模拟模型的构造以及建立水资源配置合理性评价体系是水资源系统优化研究的发展趋势.     

水资源系统分析法在水资源优化配置中的应用

探讨了水资源系统分析法的步骤和数学模型,并以线性规划模型为例建立了水资源优化配置的数学模型,对水资源优化配置提供了一定的依据。     

流域水资源调配综合评价系统的设计与实现

以黑河流域水资源合理调配评价研究为基础,完成了流域水资源调配综合评价软件系统总体结构及其主要功能的设计,并介绍了实现综合评价系统的关键技术,最后对黑河流域水资源调配综合评价系统进行简要说明。     

基于河湖水系连通的海口市水资源合理配置

从海口市重点河流、湖泊、水库及主要的水系连通工程出发,概化海口市水资源系统,对比重点水系连通工程前后水资源系统概化结果差异。基于考虑水资源量质效三位一体的配置目标,构建并优化求解海口市水资源合理配置模型,讨论现状和未来的水资源供需平衡关系。结果表明:现阶段海口市各区域存在着水资源供需不平衡问题,通过建设水系连通工程,区域水资源短缺问题得到很大程度的缓解。