外环干扰力矩对陀螺加速度计测试精度的影响

摆式积分陀螺加速度计的外环干扰力矩包括仪表外环轴的摩擦力矩和交叉轴加速度引起的交变力矩。作者分析了引起摆式积分陀螺加速度计外环干扰力矩的主要原因,提出一种在高精度三轴测试转台上分离摆式积分陀螺加速度计外环干扰力,测试摆式积分陀螺加速度计精度的试验方法。该试验采用三轴转台中环转动速度随动摆式积分陀螺加速度计外环进动角速度,同时摆式积分陀螺加速度计陀螺摆的输出轴在整个试验中保持水平,从而分离仪表外环干扰力的方案。通过对试验数据进行分析,得出外环干扰力的存在影响了摆式积分陀螺加速度计测试精度,为改善摆式陀螺加速度计工艺以提高摆式陀螺加速度计的测试精度提供了依据。     

用三轴转台减小陀螺加速度表输入失调角的试验研究

为了减小陀螺加速度表输入失调角，从理论上分析了陀螺加速度表输入失调角存在对陀螺加速度表测试精度的影响，提出了利用三轴转台设计减小陀螺加速度表输入失调角的试验方法。试验结果表明，利用三轴转台可以成功地将陀螺加速度表测试精度提高一个数量级。     

陀螺加速度计线振动台进动整周测试方法

为了提高陀螺加速度计在线振动条件下的标定精度,提出了陀螺加速度计在线振动台上的进动整周期的测试方法。该方法将陀螺加速度计正倒置安装后,在静态和线振动状态下分别测量陀螺加速度计进动整周期中的相关时间数据,计算出陀螺加速度计进动整周期的平均角速率,通过平均角速率与陀螺加速度计模型输出间的积分关系,推导出了陀螺加速度计在线振动台上的标定误差模型,辨识出了加速度计的零偏、标度因子、二次项系数和三次项系数。该方法抑制了陀螺加速度计输出的平均角速率误差,能够提高陀螺加速度计在线振动台上测试的精度。最后进行了算法验证,验证了该方法能够准确的辨识出加速度计的各项误差模型系数,辨识精度达到10?7,提高了陀螺加速度计在线振动台上的标定精度。     

捷联惯性导航加速度计动态误差模型在三轴转台上的实验标定

本文提出了在三轴转台上用双轴速率输入法来估计捷联惯导加速度计动态误差模型参数的方法。该方法基本解决了加速度计动态误差的标定问题,同时也容易实现试验计划的优化设计,以提高模型参数辨识精度。所做工作对于提高捷联惯性导航系统精度、丰富惯性器件测试理论及开发三轴转台的使用功能均有一定意义。     

三轴陀螺漂移测试转台台体动力学建模及控制系统设计

带宽的保证是三轴陀螺漂移测试转台（以下简称三轴转台）伺服系统设计的主要困难，从使用的角度出发，要求转台伺服系统有较大的带宽，以使三轴转台有较快的响应速度，对干扰有较强的抑制能力，提高三轴转台的跟踪精度，但一些客观因素使带宽指标受到限制，其中机械台体的谐振对带宽的影响是决定性的。本所讨论的三轴转台动力学模型，是三轴转台控制系统设计的依据。     

用四元数法提取加速度计三轴转台测试中的动态误差量

在加速度计三轴转台测试试验设计的基础上,提出用四元数法提取测试中加速度计动态误差量。该方法简单、精确且不会出现奇异,可计算在三轴转台转动中的各个时刻,重力加速度在加速度计坐标系上的投影,从而达到在动态测试中易除重力加速度的影响、获得动态误差量的目的。在章最后给出了在某一测试下的计算结果。     

静电陀螺测试转台电气部分方案设计

叙述了静电陀螺三环测试转台电气部分的方案设计要点。该电气部分包括静电陀螺启动与控制系统，转台控制系统，计算机三大部分，测角分系统采用粗精耦合式角位置传感器。双轴伺服分系统采用带有纯积分环节的一阶无差控制系统，三轴位置控制分系统采用一阶无差数字控制的方案，从而确保转台满足精度指标。     

激光陀螺捷联系统高精度加速度计非线性模型参数标定

为克服激光陀螺捷联系统内减振变形引入的加速度计测量误差,建立以陀螺敏感轴为约束的IMU机体坐标系。针对零偏稳定性优于5×10?6g的高精度加速度计非线性项误差不可忽视的特点,提出加速度计非线性测量模型。基于角位置精度为5″的三轴转台,采取最小二乘分步辨识的思想,借助线性化方法,首先正交多位置转台转动辨识出加速度计的二次项系数,再倾斜转台多位置辨识出加速度计的交叉耦合项系数。实验结果表明,转台正交位置时,基于非线性模型的加速度计重力值测量误差的标准差减小至线性模型的9.38%,且3次实验得出的由模型二次项系数引入的测量误差的最大标准差为8.53×10?7g;转台倾斜位置时,基于非线性模型的加速度计重力值测量误差的标准差减小至线性模型的31.41%,且3次实验得出的由模型交叉耦合项系数引入的测量误差的最大标准差为1.14×10?6g,从而实现高精度加速度计的精确标定。     

基于转台误差分析的高精度惯测组合标定编排改进

转台误差影响高精度惯测组合标定精度。利用姿态转换四元数建立了转台误差模型,分析了转台误差对一种典型惯测组合标定编排方案的影响。在分析转台误差影响规律的基础上,提出了一种标定编排改进方案,可以有效抑制转台误差,提高标定精度。仿真和试验对标定编排改进前后的标定精度和导航性能进行了对比,表明改进编排方案可以提高陀螺和加速度计安装误差角标定精度,改善系统导航性能。     

速率偏频激光陀螺惯导系统航向敏感误差分析与补偿

为了有针对性的消除激光陀螺速率偏频惯导系统的可补偿寻北误差,进一步提高航向精度,从速率偏频斜装惯性仪表的数学模型出发,对陀螺和加速度计的各项误差进行了寻北误差分析,基于捷联惯导对准误差公式给出了惯性仪表各误差源的影响量级。明确了引起倾斜状态航向敏感误差的主要因素,提出了以调整激光陀螺旋转轴方向陀螺零偏抵消激光陀螺标度因数不对称性误差或者速率偏频状态陀螺零位偏移的航向敏感误差补偿措施。经转台试验验证,该措施简单可靠,有效消除了倾斜状态航向敏感误差,速率偏频系统的全方位寻北精度能够从86'(3σ)提高到优于40'(3σ)。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.     

Impact non-pénétrant sur le thorax : influence de la courbure sur la propagation des ondesNonpenetrating impact on the thorax: influence of curvature on wave propagation

Theoretical studies of the propagation of impact waves through the thorax are needed to improve the design of bulletproof jackets and blast protections (Fung in ‘Biomechanics Motions, Flow, Stress, and Growth’, Springer-Verlag, 1990; Cooper et al., J. Trauma 40 (1996) S38–S41). The influence of the weak acoustic coupling at the interface between the thoracic wall and the lung were described in (Grimal et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. IIB 329 (2001) 655–662); in this work, we study, within the frame of elastodynamics and with an approximate analytical method, the effects of the curvature of this interface. Results are given in terms of strain energy for the pressure wave, transmitted or converted. Focalisation of energy in the medium representing the lung is important for curvatures measured in humans. To cite this article: Q. Grimal et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 569–574.     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelleExperimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations for electro-osmosis and electro-filtration phenomena on a saturated clay

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.