连硬外阻滞联合臂丛神经阻滞在乳腺癌根治术中的麻醉效果测评

目的 :测试连硬外阻滞联合臂丛神经阻滞在乳腺癌根治术中的麻醉效果。方法 :2 4例乳腺癌择期手术病人随机分成A、B、C三组 ,三组人数均为 8例。A组运用胸 4～ 5棘突间隙连续硬膜外神经阻滞联合肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞 ;B组选用单纯胸 4～ 5棘突间隙连续硬膜外神经阻滞 ;C组选用循环密闭式静脉吸入气管插管。结果 :A组病人整个手术过程中生命体征稳定 ,肌肉松弛满意 ,手术顺利 ;B组病人术中清扫腋窝淋巴结期间牵拉疼痛不适感强烈 ,生命体征有较大波动 ;C组病人全麻诱导及术毕清醒拔管期间心血管反应明显 ,生命体征波动剧烈。结论 :连硬外阻滞联合臂丛神经阻滞用于乳腺癌根治术具有术中镇痛充分、肌肉松弛理想、生命体征稳定等优点 ,是乳腺癌根治术理想的麻醉方式。     

臂丛神经阻滞在动静脉内瘘成形术中的应用

目的观察臂丛神经阻滞在动静脉内瘘成形术中的效果。方法拟行动静脉内瘘成形术患者152例,随机均分为臂丛神经阻滞组和局部浸润麻醉组。臂丛神经阻滞组手术中采用臂丛神经阻滞法进行麻醉,局部浸润麻醉组术中给予局部浸润麻醉法。比较两组术中VAS疼痛评分、术中血管直径、术后4h内瘘血流量、手术时间、术后24h和术后2年的手术成功率及麻醉安全性。结果臂丛神经阻滞组VAS疼痛评分、手术时间明显低于局部浸润麻醉组(P0.01);臂丛神经阻滞组术中动脉直径、术中静脉直径和内瘘血流量明显高于局部浸润麻醉组(P0.01)。臂丛神经阻滞组术后24h手术成功率为98.68%,与局部浸润麻醉组的92.11%差异无统计学意义;但臂丛神经阻滞组术后2年手术成功率为88.16%,明显高于局部浸润麻醉组的75.00%(P0.05)。两组均未见明显药物不良反应。结论臂丛神经阻滞可减轻术中疼痛,提高动静脉内瘘成形术手术成功率。     

不同麻醉方法对上肢微血管吻合术麻醉和术后镇痛效果的比较

臂丛神经阻滞用于上肢手术,除提供手术无痛条件外,还具有扩张上肢血管、解除血管痉挛、增加血流等效应[1]、利于组织灌注和血管吻合、并发症少、生理干扰轻等优点[2].但单次臂丛神经阻滞无法满足冗长时间手术及术后镇痛的要求,重复臂丛神经阻滞失败率高且阻滞完全有一定的难度,而连续臂丛神经阻滞可满足长时间微血管吻合手术以及术后镇痛的要求[3],麻醉效果良好.本文采用硬膜外导管置入腋鞘作连续臂丛神经阻滞麻醉和术后镇痛,与单次臂丛神经阻滞和术后肌注哌替啶镇痛的比较,现报告如下.     

肌间沟与腋路联合臂丛神经阻滞与单纯肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的临床比较

目的探讨联合臂丛神经阻滞的有效性和安全性,以改善单纯肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞不全的现象。方法80例前臂和手部手术患者随机分为两组,各40例,采用单纯肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞和联合臂丛神经阻滞的方法,观察、记录麻醉效果。结果臂丛阻滞的完善率分别为82.5%和97.5%。结果肌间沟、腋路联合臂丛神经阻滞完善了麻醉效果,提高了麻醉质量和病人的生活质量。     

超声引导下神经阻滞在锁骨骨折内固定手术中的麻醉效果观察

目的探讨锁骨骨折内固定手术中在超声引导下神经阻滞麻醉的临床疗效。方法选取2016年4月-2018年4月进行锁骨骨折内固定手术的患者114例,按照双盲法将其分为两组。对照组57例,实施常规臂丛神经阻滞联合颈浅丛神经阻滞麻醉;观察组57例,实施超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞联合颈丛神经阻滞麻醉,并对麻醉效果优良率、疼痛评分、舒张压、心率以及血氧饱和度水平予以对比分析。结果观察组麻醉效果优良率96.49%,对照组麻醉效果优良率82.46%,观察组麻醉效果优良率明显高于对照组(P 0.05);观察组疼痛评分(2.32±0.33)分,对照组疼痛评分(4.50±1.62)分,观察组疼痛评分明显小于对照组(P 0.05);观察组与对照组麻醉前舒张压、心率及血氧饱和度水平对比P0.05;麻醉后15、100 min两组患者舒张压、心率及血氧饱和度水平明显升高,且观察组麻醉后15、100 min舒张压、心率以及血氧饱和度水平优于对照组(P 0.05)。结论锁骨骨折内固定手术中在超声引导下行神经阻滞麻醉的临床效果较好,可改善患者的疼痛程度,稳定血氧饱和度以及血压等生命体征,明显缩短患者的康复时间。     

颈臂丛联合神经阻滞在锁骨骨折手术中的应用

目的观察颈臂丛神经阻滞在锁骨骨折手术中的麻醉效果。方法40例锁骨骨折病人分为A、B两组,每组20例。采用不同神经阻滞法注入2%利多卡因+0.75%左旋布比卡因混合液,观察比较患者对手术的耐受程度来评定阻滞效果。结果B组麻醉效果优于A组。结论颈臂丛联合神经阻滞用于锁骨骨折手术,阻滞效果明显优于颈丛神经阻滞。     

右美托咪定联合地佐辛辅助超声引导臂丛神经阻滞麻醉用于上肢骨折手术的疗效观察

目的观察右美托咪定联合地佐辛辅助超声引导臂丛神经阻滞麻醉用于上肢骨折手术中的疗效。方法 2017年1月至2019年3月,上肢骨折患者60例随机分为实验组和对照组,每组30例。实验组给予右美托咪定联合地佐辛辅助超声引导臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,对照组给予地佐辛辅助超声引导臂丛神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组患者围术期各时间点的血压、心率、血氧饱和度、Ramsay镇静评分、术后VAS评分和不良反应发生率。结果两组患者围术期各时间点的氧饱和度均较稳定,无统计学差异(P0.05)。实验组围术期各时间点的血压、心率较稳定,无明显差异(P0.05)。对照组围术期血压、心率波动较大,差异显著(P0.05)。神经阻滞前两组患者Ramsay镇静评分无明显差异(P0.05)。神经阻滞即刻、麻醉后10 min、手术开始后5 min、手术开始后30 min和手术结束时,实验组Ramsay镇静评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者术中均无严重不良反应(P0.05)。实验组术后VAS评分(1.6±0.5),对照组为(2.0±0.6),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定联合地佐辛超声引导臂丛神经阻滞麻醉安全有效,具有良好的镇静和镇痛效果。     

颈臂丛联合神经阻滞麻醉应用于锁骨骨折手术中的临床体会

目的探讨颈臂丛联合神经阻滞麻醉应用锁骨骨折手术中的临床效果。方法选取锁骨骨折手术患者115例,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用颈臂丛联合阻滞麻醉,对照组采用颈浅丛神经阻滞麻醉。观察2组麻醉效果的优良率、心率、平均动脉压、氧饱和度以及不良反应。结果 2组患者心率与平均动脉压比较差异具有统计学意义P<0.01,氧饱和度比较差异无统计学意义P>0.05。观察组麻醉优良率明显高于对照组,x2=7.9367,P<0.05。2组患者麻醉后不良反应发生率比较,x2=0.2413,P>0.05。结论颈臂丛联合阻滞是一种较好的麻醉方法,、效果理想、并发症少,适合锁骨骨折手术推广使用。     

两种药物联合应用于臂丛神经阻滞麻醉患者的临床疗效

目的通过观察丁丙诺啡联合布比卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的患者,探讨其缩短布比卡因臂丛阻滞起效时间,加强布比卡因臂丛麻醉效果可行性。方法 100例需实施臂丛神经阻滞麻醉患者随机分为2组:对照组与试验组各50例,臂丛麻醉所用局麻药相同,试验组另加丁丙诺啡0.075 mg。观察2组患者围麻醉期RR、HR、BP、ECG、SPO2的变化和麻醉起效时间、维持时间、麻醉效果及术后镇痛效果。结果试验组臂丛神经阻滞的起效时间较对照组缩短了近40%,麻醉维持时间和及术后镇痛维持时间均长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用丁丙诺啡联合布比卡因用于臂丛麻醉患者,可加强布比卡因臂丛麻醉效果,缩短布比卡因臂丛阻滞起效时间,且止痛完善,安全、有效、省时和低廉。     

颈臂丛联合阻滞麻醉在锁骨手术中的应用

目的探讨锁骨手术较理想的麻醉方法。方法选择69例行锁骨骨折内固定术患者,随机分为臂丛阻滞麻醉组、颈丛阻滞麻醉组、颈臂丛联合阻滞麻醉组,对三种麻醉方法进行比较,并记录各组麻醉效果以及有无膈神经阻滞、喉返神经阻滞、局麻药中毒等不良反应。结果颈臂丛联合组麻醉效果较另两组满意,而不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义。结论颈臂丛联合阻滞麻醉是锁骨手术较完善的麻醉方法。     

Interscalene block combined with general anesthesia under spontaneous breathing in a patient with a giant bulla

Respiratory management for patients with a giant bulla during anesthesia should avoid positive-pressure ventilation to reduce the risk of barotraumas. We report a case of anesthetic management of a 42-year-old man with a giant bulla who had an elective surgery for biopsy of a tumor on his left elbow. Balanced anesthesia consisting of general anesthesia was given under spontaneous breathing combined with interscalene brachial plexus blockade for intra- and postoperative analgesia for the elbow surgery. The patient was monitored by electrocardiography, non-invasive arterial pressure, SpO2, endtidal CO2 tension and bispectral index. Ultrasound-guided interscalene block was performed with the patient awake. After injection of 0.75% ropivacaine 20 ml and 1% lidocaine 16 ml for brachial plexus block, general anesthesia was induced with a bolus of fentanyl 100 microg to reduce cough reflex and propofol using target control infusion with a 2 microg x ml(-1) plasma concentration. The airway was maintained with a size 4 LMA-Proseal, which was inserted with care under spontaneous breathing. There were no serious complications such as pneumothorax in perioperative period. We performed successful anesthetic management, without any complications, combined with interscalene brachial plexus block and spontaneous breathing in a patient with a giant bulla.     

Interscalene block anesthesia for shoulder surgery

One hundred patients had major shoulder surgery with interscalene brachial and cervical plexus block anesthesia. Successful anesthesia was obtained by using this method in 82 patients. Failure was the result of incomplete anesthesia in 16 patients or the presence of a complication. Complications from high blood levels of anesthetic included loss of consciousness and respiratory depression in three patients and seizure in one. The block lasted a mean of eight hours, decreasing the need for postoperative analgesic medications. No postoperative medical complication developed. Ninety-one percent of the patients with successful blocks were satisfied with the procedure.     

Utility of the brachial plexus block combined with continuous intradural anesthesia for axillo-femoral bypass surgery]

Extra-anatomic axillofemoral bypass is a surgical procedure that is indicated in cases of occlusive aortoiliac pathology in which the transabdominal way is not feasible or in patients of high risk. We present a preliminary study in which we have prospectively evaluated 14 patients who were received an axillofemoral bypass during 1990. After preoperative evaluation two groups were identified: Group ALR (5 patients) with combined anesthetic blockade of supraclavicular brachial plexus and continuous subarachnoid blockade. Group AG (9 patients) who received balanced general anesthesia. In all cases we obtained a good anesthetic level for surgery. The incidence of complications was similar in both groups. One patient subjected to general anesthesia died. Combined blockade induces a satisfactory analgesia in all surgical interventions without exceeding in any case the maximal doses of anesthetic drugs. Additionally, this technique affords the advantages of regional anesthesia and can be used as an alternative anesthetic procedure in patients of high risk who undergo axillofemoral bypass.     

Epidural anesthesia for lumbar spine surgery

A retrospective review of the hospital records of 80 patients undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery was performed, in order to determine the effect of anesthetic technique on various clinical parameters. Forty patients receiving epidural bupivacaine anesthesia were matched with 40 patients receiving general endotracheal anesthesia; these two groups were homogeneous based on age, sex, type of operative procedure, and number of spinal levels operated upon. Significant results included lower injectable narcotic requirements (p less than 0.001), lower incidence of postoperative urinary retention (p less than 0.01), and lower operative blood loss (p less than 0.1) for patients receiving epidural anesthesia. Epidural bupivacaine provided satisfactory anesthesia, and allowed intraoperative testing of lower extremity motor function. In a follow-up surgery, 38 of 40 patients who received epidural anesthesia were satisfied with the technique. For patients undergoing decompressive lumbar spine surgery, epidural bupivacaine anesthesia is an effective, well tolerated technique with several potential advantages, and an acceptable incidence of complications, as compared with general endotracheal anesthesia.     

A comparative study of general anesthesia, intravenous regional anesthesia, and axillary block for outpatient hand surgery: clinical outcome and cost analysis.

IV regional anesthesia can offer a more favorable patient recovery profile and shorter postoperative nursing care time and hospital discharge time than an isoflurane-based general anesthetic or brachial plexus block technique for hand surgery.     

Use of paravertebral block anesthesia in the surgical management of breast cancer: experience in 156 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To assess safety and efficacy of the regional anesthetic technique paravertebral block for operative treatment of breast cancer, and to compare postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing breast surgery using paravertebral block and general anesthesia. BACKGROUND: General anesthesia is currently the standard technique used for surgical treatment of breast cancer. Increasing hospital costs have focused attention on reducing the length of hospital stay for these patients. However, the side effects and complications of general anesthesia preclude ambulatory surgery for most patients undergoing breast surgery. In April 1994, the authors initiated the use of paravertebral block anesthesia for patients undergoing primary breast cancer surgery. A review of our early experience revealed that this regional anesthetic technique enables effective anesthesia for operative procedures of the breast and axilla, reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting, and provides prolonged postoperative sensory block that minimizes narcotic requirements. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 145 consecutive patients undergoing 156 breast cancer operations using paravertebral block and 100 patients undergoing general anesthesia during a 2-year period was performed. Anesthetic effectiveness and complications, inpatient experience with postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, and length of stay were measured. RESULTS: Surgery was successfully completed in 85% of the cases attempted by using paravertebral block alone, and in 91% of the cases, surgery was completed by using paravertebral block supplemented with local anesthetic. There was a 2.6% incidence of complications associated with block placement. Twenty percent of patients in the paravertebral group required medication for nausea and vomiting during their hospital stay compared with 39% in the general anesthesia group. Narcotic analgesia was required in 98% of general anesthesia patients, as opposed to 25% of patients undergoing paravertebral block. Ninety-six percent of patients having paravertebral block anesthesia were discharged within the day of surgery, compared with 76% of patients who had a general anesthetic. CONCLUSIONS: Paravertebral block can be used to perform major operations for breast cancer with minimal complications and a low rate of conversion to general anesthesia. Paravertebral block markedly improves the quality of recovery after breast cancer surgery and provides the patient with the option of ambulatory discharge.     

Prolonged cardiac arrest unveiled silent sick sinus syndrome during general and epidural anesthesia

Patients who have silent sick sinus syndrome (SSS) can show various unexpected arrhythmias during surgery. The severity of these bradyarrythmias is affected by anesthetic methods. We report a unique case of a patient with silent SSS who developed 40 s of asystole under combined general and epidural anesthesia. A 40-year-old woman with no apparent cardiac disease underwent abdominal hysterectomy. General anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol, fentanyl, and vecuronium combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia. During surgery, severe bradycardia, triggered by peritoneal manipulation, occurred, leading to 40 s of asystole. She was diagnosed as having SSS by a postoperative 24-h Holter electrocardiogram. We propose that the possible existence of SSS should be kept in mind even in a patient who shows no abnormalities on routine preoperative examination, especially in those in whom vagomimetic anesthetic methods are used.     

硬外复合静脉麻与气管全麻在小儿腹腔镜疝手术的比较

目的对比分析研究硬膜外复合丙泊酚静脉全麻与气管内全麻在小儿腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎手术中的优缺点。方法ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜疝手术患儿40例，年龄在1～12岁，随机分为硬膜外复合丙泊酚静脉全麻组（E组）和气管内插管全麻组（G组）。观察气腹前，气腹后5min，10min，15min，放气后5min的MAP，HR，SpO2，PH，PaCO2，和术毕恢复时间，比较两者麻醉的费用。结果与气腹前比较，E组MAP，HR变化无显著性差异（P〉0．05），G组显著升高（P〈0．05）。两组患儿气腹15min后PaCO2均显著升高（P〈0．05）。停气腹后恢复至气腹前水平。E组麻醉苏醒时间明显快于G组，术后恶心呕吐发生率差异无显著性。E组麻醉费用比G组明显减少。结论硬外复合丙泊酚静脉全麻在小儿腹腔镜疝手术中，可有效抑制应激反应且经济安全，术毕苏醒时间快，苏醒质量好。     

胸部手术实施全身麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉的效果观察

目的观察分析胸部手术实施全身麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉的效果。方法将42例SASⅠ~Ⅱ级胸部手术患者随机分为两组,各21例。对照组实施全身麻醉,观察组予以全身麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉,观察分析两组麻醉效果。结果 42例患者停止麻药后,自主呼吸恢复时间5~10 min。观察组患者麻醉药剂量明显少于对照组,且清醒时间早,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用全身麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉进行胸部手术,能降低麻药对循环及呼吸的抑制,缩短患者清醒时间,提高手术效果,值得临床推广应用。