超临界CO2流体萃取小麦胚芽油工艺的研究

本文根据超临界流体萃取的基本原理,分析了影响超临界CO2流体萃取小麦胚芽油的主要因素,它们包括萃取压力、温度、时间、CO2流量、小麦胚芽水分含量及粒度等,通过正交试验和单因素试验研究了小麦胚芽油的萃取量与各因素之间的关系并确定了最佳的试验条件即为:萃取压力为32～36MP,温度为45～50℃、时间为6h,CO流量为15～20kg/ h,小麦胚芽水份含量为5.0%,粒度为10～15目。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取小麦胚芽油最佳工艺条件研究

本文根据超临界流体萃取基本原理,分析影响超临界ＣＯ２流体萃取小麦胚芽油主要因素,包括萃取压力、温度、时间、ＣＯ２流量、小麦胚芽水分含量及粒度等,通过正交试验和单因素试验研究了小麦胚芽油萃取量与各因素之间关系并确定最佳试验条件,即:萃取压力为 ３２~３６ＭＰａ,温度为 ４５~５０℃、时间为６小时,ＣＯ２流量为 １５~２０ｋｇ/ｈ,小麦胚芽水份含量为５．０%,粒度为１０~１５目。     

不同萃取条件对麦胚中天然维生素E的SFE-CO_2提取的影响

研究以小麦胚芽为试验材料 ,利用超临界流体萃取技术从麦胚中提取了天然维生素E。结果表明 :麦胚中天然维生素E的超临界CO2 适宜萃取条件为萃取压力 2 8～ 35MPa、萃取温度 40～ 45℃、CO2 流量 2mL/min、萃取时间 90min。     

麦胚中天然维生素E的SFE-CO_2最佳提取工艺的研究

本研究以小麦胚芽为原料 ,利用超临界流体萃取技术从麦胚中提取天然维生素E。将萃取压力、萃取温度和CO2 流量作为中心组合旋转设计的变量 ,进行响应曲面分析 ,确定了其最佳工艺参数和条件。结果表明 :麦胚中天然维生素E的超临界CO2 提取的最佳工艺参数为萃取压力为2 9 1MPa ,萃取温度为 316K ,CO2 流量为 2ml/min。     

麦胚中天然维生素E的SFE—CO2最佳提取工艺的研究

本研究以小麦胚芽为原料,利用超临界流体萃取技术从麦胚中提取天然维生素E。将萃取压力、萃取温度和CO2流量作为中心组合旋转设计的变量,进行响应曲面分析,确定了其最佳工艺参数和条件。结果表明：麦胚中天然维生素E的超临界CO2的取的最佳工艺参数为萃取压力为29.1MPa,萃取温度为316K,CO2流量为2ml/min。     

超临界CO2流体萃取小麦胚芽油工艺研究

研究了超临界二氧化碳萃取小麦胚芽油的工艺,分别讨论了萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取压力和二氧化碳流量对小麦胚芽油萃取得率的影响。结果表明：萃取小麦胚芽油的最佳工艺条件为萃取时间为3h、萃取温度为50℃、萃取压力30MPa、CO2流量8L／h,出油率为10．5％。     

超临界CO2萃取不同筋度小麦胚芽油及其脂肪酸成分分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术,以高、中、低筋小麦胚芽为原料,通过正交试验分析方法,主要研究超临界CO2萃取小麦胚芽油的萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取时间3个因素对于小麦胚芽油萃取率的影响。结果表明,在萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间2h的条件下萃取效果最佳,萃取率为11.05%。运用气相色谱技术分析不同筋度小麦胚芽油的脂肪酸成分组成,其中低筋小麦胚芽萃取出的小麦胚芽油中亚油酸相对含量高达58.23%。     

小麦胚芽VE营养油制备方法的比较研究

本课题对不同方法直接萃取小麦胚芽油及用超临界CO2流体精馏麦胚油的方法进行了比较研究。结果表明:用乙醚提取的小麦胚芽油中维生素E的含量比用乙醇(90%)提取的要高;用超临界CO2萃取在压力为33MPa,温度为45℃时有最高的维生素E含量;用超临界CO2精馏在压力为19MPa,温差为△t=9℃时有较好的维生素E浓集效果。     

大豆胚芽油的超临界CO2萃取研究

通过超临界CO2流体萃取大豆胚芽油的实验,探讨了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和CO2流量对大豆胚芽油萃取率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的萃取条件为萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间120min、CO2流量25kg/h,在此条件下萃取率为91.38%;超临界CO2法得到的大豆胚芽油不饱和脂肪酸含量为84.2%,其中亚麻酸和亚油酸占74%,碘值为152gI/100g。     

玉米胚芽油的超临界CO2萃取

研究了超临界CO2流体萃取玉米胚芽油的条件,着重研究了萃取压力、温度、萃取时间和CO2流量对油脂萃取率的影响,优化了萃取工艺条件;萃取压力35MPa,温度50℃,时间3h,CO3流量34kg/h,并利用GC／MS分析了最佳条件下萃取的玉米胚芽油成分组成。并比较了超临界CO2萃取的玉米胚芽油样和乙醚萃取油样的理化性质。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the