人与机器人共存中的位姿估计与碰撞检测

提出了一种人与机器人共存中的位姿估计与碰撞检测方法。首先,利用光学3维动作捕捉系统获取标记点位姿信息,建立人体手臂的运动学模型。其次,针对工作空间中障碍物遮挡导致部分标记点位姿信息丢失的问题,将角度传感器获取的肘关节角度作为人体手臂运动学模型的输入,获取人体手臂末端位姿信息。再次,构建人体手臂和协作机器人的胶囊体模型,计算各胶囊体之间的最短距离,从而判断人机的相对位姿关系并实现碰撞检测。最后,通过10个人在不同人机共存场景下对人机位姿估计与碰撞检测方法进行评价。实验结果表明,本方法估计的人体手臂末端位置误差在20mm以内,人机最短距离的最大误差为14.53mm,能够实现人机碰撞检测。     

一款超声波远距离障碍物检测器的设计制作

在设计机器人时多数情况下需要考虑如何使机器人自动避开障碍物,而选择避开障碍物传感器的设计方案时主要依据障碍物与机器人之间距离的半径范围,当障碍物距离机器人距离在10mm半径范围内时较多设计者选择红外线传感器,当距离超过10mm半径时,因为受到红外线接收器灵敏度的限     

一种矢量人工势能场的多智能体编队避障算法

针对多智能体编队通过障碍物区域的避撞和避障问题,利用传感器的监控功能,采用改进的人工势能场法对避障算法进行优化,使多智能体编队能有效地通过障碍物区域,并在通过障碍物区域后再次形成多智能体编队.首先,从多智能体模型上进行改进,建立一种具有可视化范围的速度为矢量的速度可变的智能体模型.然后,使用矢量的人工势能场法进行多智能体编队的避撞和避障.最后,针对多智能体编队避障过程中会存在“局部困扰”的情况,加入“回环力”使多智能体编队能够通过障碍物区域,并在通过障碍物区域后继续编队运行.同时,使用MATLAB软件在坐标系中进行多智能体编队的避障仿真,验证了改进人工势能场法的有效性和正确性,为多智能体编队避障问题提供了更加有效的方法.     

仿人机器人手臂抓取运动规划广义逆RRT算法

针对高维空间冗余仿人机器人手臂抓取对象运动规划时所面临的目标位形未知、抓取空间受限、位形空间存在大量障碍物等难题,提出了一种广义逆快速探索随机树法(RRT)避碰运动方法.首先,提出分层子维空间运动规划概念模型,建立了仿人机器人上肢手臂运动学和逆运动学模型;其次,提出一种加权最小范数广义逆RRT规划算法;最后,通过计算机三维仿真,采用基于有向包围盒法开发的碰撞检测算法,验证了该算法的有效性.     

一种具有爬坡能力的球形机器人运动分析

针对目前球形机器人爬坡能力不强的问题,设计了一种新型机构,在球形机器人的长轴方向上与本体固连两个可伸出和展开的手臂机构.遇陡坡时,手臂伸出后支撑在路面上,球形机器人将不再依靠重摆的驱动,而是通过电机直接驱动球壳.深入分析对比了手臂伸出前后的爬坡能力,并建立了爬坡时直线运动的动力学模型,对手臂伸出后的球形机器人进行了路径规划.最后通过仿真和试验验证了力学模型的准确性.     

一种考虑机器人尺寸约束的动态窗避障方法

针对太部分反应式避障算法未考虑机器人尺寸的束导致机器人无法通过障碍物间可行通道的问题,提出了一种复杂环境下考虑机器人尺寸约束的动态窗避障方法.利用激光雷达提供的精确测距信息,通过探索机器人运动前方的可通行区域,避免陷入“U”型等局部最小区域;以障碍物间可行通道的宽度与机器人自身尺寸间的关系作为新的引导,构造目标函数,提...     

铁路货车标识智能机器人喷涂路径自动生成系统

为提升铁路货车标识机器人喷涂质量,准确执行标识喷涂指令,设计铁路货车标识智能机器人喷涂路径自动生成系统。通过无线通信模块下达铁路货车标识喷涂指令,系统控制自动导引运载子系统搭载机器人移动至待喷涂工位,同时采用点云技术自动生成喷涂路径,子系统依据生成路径。获取标识漏模库中的标识漏模,结合辅助子系统完成标识喷涂,将喷涂结果图片回传至电气智能控制子系统,实行信息化管理。测试结果显示：该系统能够在不同环境搭载喷涂机器人达到目标位置,且准确避开障碍物。在误差均低于1 mm的情况下,完成指定位置喷涂操作,喷涂重叠率结果 100%,喷涂后的标识视觉效果清晰,没有发生模糊部位。     

实用机器人制作讲座（二十一）机器人的手臂系统

没有手臂的机器人旋转和走动都将受到限制，或许除了记住周围发生的事情之外，没有什么作用。如果不能如常言所说“伸一把手”，机器人的用途自然大打折扣。从本期开始，我们将讨论机器人的几种手臂系统的工作原理，设计和制造方法，希望能为您的机器人安装上灵活、实用的手臂，增加它的功能。     

基于三维环境模型的启发式路径规划算法

针对多自由度机器人手臂在未知环境中实时避障的问题,提出了一种基于环境信息的连杆机器人实时路径规划方法。采用笛卡尔空间内的障碍物检测信息建立了障碍物的空间模型,并依据该模型设计一种基于启发式规则的机器人路径规划算法。该算法不断猜测和修正路径,通过模糊推理得到下一位姿点,通过曲线拟合得到到达该位姿点的路径。在Matlab下利用机器人工具箱建立了PUMA560型机器人的运动学模型,并在运动空间设置障碍物,对该算法进行仿真分析,分析结果说明所提出的路径规划算法可以在较短时间内完成避障运动,具有较好的实时性,同时运动关节的角度变化曲线比较平滑,运动中冲击力较小,这些特点使其便于在实际工程中使用。     

基于搭载Linux平台Raspberry Pi的导盲机器人控制系统设计

中国盲人数量占全球盲人比例较大,而国内导盲犬昂贵且稀少,无法普及,提出一种适合于普通盲人的导盲机器人,在于取代导盲犬,成为广大盲人群体都可以接受的廉价、实用并且便携的导盲工具。本导盲机器人使用搭载Linux(Debian发行版)平台的Raspberry Pi作为系统的中央处理单元,通过五个超声波距离传感器从盲人前进的不同角度收集周围环境距离信息,在超声波传感器初步定位障碍物的基础上,通过摄像头采集图像数据进一步处理判断障碍物位置,融合两种判断结果通过振动信号将障碍物位置和距离反馈给盲人。在实验环境下实现辅助盲人进行躲避障碍物的功能。     

一种有效爬越楼梯的模块化可重组履带结构

针对楼宇内的移动监视和非结构化环境 ,研究了一种可重组的“履带—关节”机器人结构 ,通过模块化组合 ,它以很小的体积 (每个模块长 30cm ,宽 11.5cm ,高 11cm) ,获得了爬越楼梯的能力 .本文分析了履带机构爬越楼梯的原理 ,并实验论证了各种组合结构的地形适应性和移动能力 .     

一种多模式全向移动机器人攀爬楼梯的步态

针对移动机器人在户外运动中所遇到的台阶、楼梯等复杂地形,设计了一种可攀爬楼梯的多模式全向移动机器人。通过切换运动模态,该机器人既能像传统移动机器人一样快速移动,又具备了足式机器人的越障能力。首先,分析并构建了多模式全向移动机器人的运动学模型;其次,研究了该机器人越障能力和质心位置之间的关系并计算了该机器人可以翻越台阶的...     

Development of snake-like robot ACM-R8 with large and mono-tread wheel

One of the important advantages of an active wheeled snake-like robots is that it can access narrow spaces which are inaccessible to other types of robot (such as crawlers, walking robots), since snake-like robots have an elongated, narrow body. Additionally, in areas with rubble, snake-like robots can traverse rough terrain and large obstacles since its body can conform to the terrain’s contours. ‘ACM-R8’ is a new snake-like robot which can climb stairs and reach doorknobs in addition to the features explained above. To fulfill these functions, the design of this robot incorporates several key features: joints with parallel link mechanism, mono-tread wheels with internal structure, force sensors and ‘swing-grousers’ which were developed to improve step climbability. In this paper, the design and control methods are described. Experiments confirmed high mobility on stairs and steps, with the robot succeeding in overcoming a step height of 600 mm, despite the height of the robot being just 300 mm.     

The soft multi-legged robot inspired by octopus: climbing various columnar objects

In this paper, we develop a soft climbing robot made of silicone. Octopus-like behaviour is realized by a simple mechanism utilizing the dynamics of the soft body, and the robot can grasp various objects of unknown shape. In addition, by inching its truck, it can climb various columnar objects. Experiments, using pipes, long balloons, and natural trees, are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed robot.     

气动蠕动式缆索维护机器人的研制

本文研制了一种用于斜拉桥缆索的检测、清洗和涂装等维护作业的气动蠕动式缆索机器人 ．该机器人分上体和下体两部分,由气缸实现移动、夹紧和导向功能．其能用于大直径范围 的缆索,牵引力大,安全可靠．     

Ladder Climbing Method for the Limb Mechanism Robot ASTERISK

A ladder climbing method for the limb mechanism robot ASTERISK is proposed. This robot has six legs. The upper three legs hold on to the upper rung from both sides alternately, just like pinching it. The lower three legs hold on to the lower rung in the same way. Hence, the robot can take hold of the ladder stably. First, the robot releases the left upper and lower legs from the current rungs, and hangs them on the next rungs while supporting itself with the other four legs. Then, the mid two legs and the right two legs are moved to the next rungs in sequence. Finally, the robot lifts up its body using the six legs. Depending on the relative pose of the robot to the ladder, the robot automatically selects the legs that can support vertical and/or horizontal forces applied by the rungs. The robot then distributes its weight to the legs supporting the vertical force based on their force margins. The legs that cannot support forces are controlled to always touch the rungs slightly in order to pinch the rungs with the other legs. The advantages of the proposed gait and control method are verified by analysis of the leg workspace for generating the ladder climb gait, analysis of the range of force direction that the legs can support, analysis of the joint torques required for ladder climbing and an experiment on force distribution. Finally, the range of ladder pitch variation that ASTERISK can climb is clarified.     

Design and motion planning of an autonomous climbing robot with claws

This paper presents the design of a novel robot capable of climbing on vertical and rough surfaces, such as stucco walls. Termed CLIBO (claw inspired robot), the robot can remain in position for a long period of time. Such a capability offers important civilian and military advantages such as surveillance, observation, search and rescue and even for entertainment and games. The robot’s kinematics and motion, is a combination between mimicking a technique commonly used in rock climbing using four limbs to climb and a method used by cats to climb on trees with their claws. It uses four legs, each with four-degrees-of-freedom (4-DOF) and specially designed claws attached to each leg that enable it to maneuver itself up the wall and to move in any direction. At the tip of each leg is a gripping device made of 12 fishing hooks and aligned in such a way that each hook can move independently on the wall’s surface. This design has the advantage of not requiring a tail-like structure that would press against the surface to balance its weight. A locomotion algorithm was developed to provide the robot with an autonomous capability for climbing along the pre-designed route. The algorithm takes into account the kinematics of the robot and the contact forces applied on the foot pads. In addition, the design provides the robot with the ability to review its gripping strength in order to achieve and maintain a high degree of reliability in its attachment to the wall. An experimental robot was built to validate the model and its motion algorithm. Experiments demonstrate the high reliability of the special gripping device and the efficiency of the motion planning algorithm.     

Development and field test of the articulated mobile robot T2 Snake-4 for plant disaster prevention

Abstract

In this work, we develop an articulated mobile robot that can move in narrow spaces, climb stairs, gather information, and operate valves for plant disaster prevention. The robot can adopt a tall position using a folding arm and gather information using sensors mounted on the arm. In addition, this paper presents a stair climbing method using a single backward wave. This method enables the robot to climb stairs that have a short tread. The developed robot system is tested in a field test at the World Robot Summit 2018, and the lessons learned in the field test are discussed.     

电磁式爬壁机器人平台

本文介绍了一种新型电磁式爬壁机器人平台。机器人平台从客观需求出发,利用电磁铁可以吸附铁质物体的原理,实现机器人在铁质壁面上竖直攀爬。机器人平台以单片机为控制核心,控制四只仿生脚的行动和电磁铁的吸附,由无线控制器实现远程控制。平台搭载多种传感器,以检测机器人周围的环境状态,并应用无线传输技术,将传感器监测数据时时传回控制电脑。还可由电脑控制,利用机器人上加装的机械臂,完成简单操作。本项目作品可以应用于强热辐射、浓烟、污染气体等复杂环境的场所实施远程测控,也可以应用于船体、高炉检测等方面。     

Development of a single-wheeled inverted pendulum robot capable of climbing stairs

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose the design of a single-wheeled robot capable of climbing stairs. The robot is equipped with the proposed climbing mechanism, which enables it to climb stairs. The mechanism has an extremely simple structure, comprised of a parallel arm, belt, harmonic drive, and pulley. The proposed climbing mechanism has the advantage of not requiring an additional actuator because it can be driven by using a single actuator that drives the wheel. The robot is equipped with a control moment gyroscope to control the stability in a lateral direction. Experimental results demonstrate that the robot can climb stairs with a riser height of 12–13?cm and a tread depth of 39?cm at an approximate rate of 2 to 3 s for each step.