红团簇巨星α元素丰度

基于高分辨率、高信噪比光谱观测资料,分析了１７颗红团簇巨星的５种α元素（Ｍｇ、Ｓｉ、Ｓ、Ｃａ、Ｔｉ）的化学丰工,结果表明,按金属丰度的不同可以将红团簇巨星分为两类：一类是富金属红团簇巨星（「Ｆｅ／Ｈ」≥０．０）;另一类为贫金属丰度红团簇巨星（「Ｆｅ／Ｈ」≤－０．３）,这两类红团簇巨星中的５种α元素均具有随金属丰度变大而增丰的趋势,同时,分析还表明,这两类红团簇巨星的α元素与铁元素的增丰历史可能是同     

红团簇巨星元素丰度

基于高分辨率、高信噪比光谱观测资料,分析了１７颗红团簇巨星的５种α元素（Ｍｇ、Ｓｉ、Ｓ、Ｃａ、Ｔｉ）的化学丰度．结果表明,按金属丰度的不同可以将红团簇巨星分为两类：一类为富金属红团簇巨星（［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］≥０．０）;另一类为贫金属丰度红团簇巨星（［Ｆｅ／Ｈ］≤－０．３）．这两类红团簇巨星中的５种α元素均具有随金属丰度变大而增丰的趋势．同时,分析还表明,这两类红团簇巨星的α元素与铁元素的增丰历史可能是同步的．     

红团簇巨星的光谱分析及其作为I、K波段标准烛光的研究

基于高分辨率、高信噪比光谱观测资料，确定了19颗贫金属红团簇巨星的恒星大气参数，得到样本星4种α族元素(O、Mg、Ca、Si)的化学丰度．讨论了铁丰度与恒星大气参数的相关性以及α族元素丰度随金属丰度的变化，计算了共58颗红团簇巨星在I、K波段的绝对星等，讨论了它们与恒星铁丰度之间的关系．结果表明，在分析铁丰度范围内相对于I波段，K波段的绝对星等与铁丰度的相关性更弱，并且与利用理论模型得到的红团簇巨星I、K波段绝对星等与铁丰度的关系进行了比较与验证。     

天琴RR型变星的绝对星等与运动学参数须同祺

对天琴RR型变星绝对星等与运动学参数的测定及其对确定距离、球状星团年龄估计的影响,并对它们和其他距离指示器求得的结果的比较作了评述.由于不同作者采用的方法和资料不同,结果的不确定性较大.例如由直接和间接测定方法决定的天琴RR型变星的绝对星等分成较暗和较亮两类,由天琴RR型变星和其他距离指示器决定的大麦哲伦云(LMC) 的距离模数和球状星团年龄估计并不完全一致.这表明还有一些天体测量和天体物理问题需要深入研究.新的空间视差卫星和地基干涉测定计划将可能有助这些问题的解决.     

基于LAMOST红巨星和红团簇星数据的双星比例性质研究

基于郭守敬望远镜反银心方向巡天第二版增值星表中的56 731颗红巨星和16 582颗红团簇星样本,利用重复观测源最大视向速度差△RV_max的分布,测量了该样本的双星比例及其随演化阶段、金属丰度的变化。△RV_max的最大值与红巨星对应的表面重力加速度存在很强的正相关;演化阶段越晚,双星比例越低;金属丰度越高,双星比例越低;红巨星前身星的双星比例为(38±2)%,红团簇星前身星的双星比例为(35±3)%。该结果证实了前人基于阿帕奇点天文台银河系演化实验DR13巨星样本的结果。此外,我们还发现了46个可能包含大质量致密星的双星候选体,值得进一步的研究。     

切仑科夫铁Kα和Kβ发射线的强度比和本征红移比的计算及其在活动星系核中的可能应用

当具有各向同性速度分布的相对论电子穿过稠密气体区,或者轰击稠密气体区的表面时,切仑科夫效应将会产生一种特殊的原子或离子发射线,称做切仑科夫线状发射.这一预言在光学波段已由实验室的实验所证实.把线状发射理论推广到X射线波段,给出计算切仑科夫铁Kα和Kβ发射线的强度比和本征红移比的基本公式,列出了不同价次铁线的强度比和本征红移比.这一计算结果在活动星系核中有可能找到潜在的应用.最近观测发现源NGC3783,除存在着6.4 keV的铁Kα发射线,还存在着很强的7.0 keV的铁Kβ发射线,且两者等值宽度之比为EW_(Kα)/EW_(Kβ)≈3.43,这很难用传统的"光电吸收-莹光机制"来解释.切仑科夫线状发射机制可为解决这一困惑提供一条新途径.此外,期待切仑科夫铁Kα和Kβ线的本征红移比也会在以后的观测中能得到检验.假如切仑科夫线状辐射的设想得到观测的进一步支持,则对中央大质量黑洞周围物理环境的传统认识将有大的修改-活动更加剧烈,而且更加高能,其中气体也更加稠密.     

OH／IR星的绝对K星等与距离

本文计算了一批ＯＨ／ＩＲ星的绝对Ｋ星等Ｍｋ，对ＯＨ／ＩＲ星的Ｍｋ和距离ｄ作了讨论。发现当Ｋ较亮时，Ｍｋ为一常数；当Ｋ较暗时，Ｍｋ较离散且呈现一定的变化趋势。本文还拟合得到了一个由Ｋ星等求距离的经验公式，并由此公式计算了一批ＯＨ／ＩＲ星的距离。最后，对所得结果进行了解释和讨论。     

Vilnius Photometry of Red Giant Stars in the Open Cluster NGC 7789

Photoelectric Vilnius seven-color photometry is presented and analyzed for a sample of 24 red giant branch and clump stars in the open cluster NGC 7789. For each star we have determined photometric spectral type, absolute magnitude, interstellar reddening, effective temperature, metallicity, and surface gravity. From averages over the stars in the sample we find the mean reddening to the cluster E _Y−V = 0.21± 0.02 (s.d.), or E _B−V = 0.25, and the apparent distance modulus (m−M) _V = 12.21± 0.10 (s.d.), which yield a distance of 1840 pc. The mean overall metallicity is found to be [Fe/H] = −0.18± 0.09 (s.d.). The clump stars, on average, appear to be slightly more metal-rich than the other red giants, which is most probably caused by evolutionary changes of carbon and nitrogen molecular bands falling in the photometric passbands. A difference in mass between the two groups of stars has also been detected, which suggests that the clump stars might have undergone extra mass loss before reaching their core He-burning phase of evolution.     

The Red Rain Phenomenon of Kerala and its Possible Extraterrestrial Origin

A red rain phenomenon occurred in Kerala, India starting from 25th July 2001, in which the rainwater appeared coloured in various localized places that are spread over a few hundred kilometers in Kerala. Maximum cases were reported during the first 10 days and isolated cases were found to occur for about 2 months. The striking red colouration of the rainwater was found to be due to the suspension of microscopic red particles having the appearance of biological cells. These particles have no similarity with usual desert dust. An estimated minimum quantity of 50,000 kg of red particles has fallen from the sky through red rain. An analysis of this strange phenomenon further shows that the conventional atmospheric transport processes like dust storms etc. cannot explain this phenomenon. The electron microscopic study of the red particles shows fine cell structure indicating their biological cell like nature. EDAX analysis shows that the major elements present in these cell like particles are carbon and oxygen. Strangely, a test for DNA using Ethidium Bromide dye fluorescence technique indicates absence of DNA in these cells. In the context of a suspected link between a meteor airburst event and the red rain, the possibility for the extraterrestrial origin of these particles from cometary fragments is discussed.     

Counts of Faint Blue Objects and the Anomalous Red Shift

The hypothesis that the spectra of young objects contain an anomalous red shift which decreases and disappears as they evolve is considered. The possibility of detecting features of this anomalous red shift in the spectra of postquasar objects is considered under the assumption that a large fraction of the quasars are local objects ejected from galactic nuclei. It is argued that the anomalous red shift has a significant effect on the form of the observed luminosity function for the local population of galaxies, depleting it at faint magnitudes. This approach is used to examine the problem of excess blue galaxies.     

Measurement of the absolute proper motion of M3 and its space motion

We have measured the absolute proper motions of 534 stars in a 1.5° × 1.5° region around the cluster M3, using 14 plates taken with a 40-cm refractor spanning 80 years. 24 stars in the ACT catalogue were used to define the reference frame and the reduction was made using the central overlapping technique. Using the new data, the membership probabilities were redetermined. The mean absolute motion of the cluster was found to be −0.3 ± 0.3 mas/yr in R.A., and −3.1 ± 0.3 mas/yr in declination. Combining the present data with the known distance and radial velocity, the three-dimensional galactic orbit of M3 was calculated for Allen's galactic potential.     

An exceptional cosmic influence and its bearing on the evolution of human culture as evident in the apparent early development of mathematics and astronomy

The proposal that cometary dust particles play a significant role in the emergence and evolution of both life and disease on suitable planets was first made some 25 years ago by Hoyle and Wickramasinghe. Fundamental to this proposal was a process of punctuated seeding by particular (bio)chemical species believed to originate naturally and predominantly in larger comets, say those with diameters greater than about 100 kilometres. Rather less well known is a parallel proposal likewise favoured by Hoyle that a particular giant comet, the most recent to settle in cis-Jovian space, accounting for the latest significant phase of evolution on Earth, also had a significant part to play in the cultivation by homo sapiens of its civilization and culture. Such proposals may be seen by many as examples of excessively lateral thinking but they by no means lack independent support and have important implications for the otherwise uncertain origin of the latest ice-age (basic to climatology) and for the otherwise uncertain generation of early calendars (basic to the management of society). Aspects of these proposals are considered here in relation to a much respected supposedly Chaldean calendar probably passed down by the dynastic Isins (also the Essenes?) which evidently bears witness to known early mathematical and astronomical skills but which largely ceased to be available to subsequent scholarship beyond the Early Christians (ca. 100 CE) pending its (recent) recovery through the medium of Dead Sea Scrolls.     

地基雷达技术及其在太阳系天体探测中的应用

人类利用雷达波进行天文研究距今已有40多年历史了.它是一种发射雷达波到目标天体,通过分析其回波特性来进行天文探测的技术.该文从地基雷达在太阳系天体探测中的应用出发,分析了地基雷达相比其他探测手段的优点;介绍了地基雷达的基本工作原理;给出了近年来地基雷达的发展情况和探测成果;最后从现有条件出发,探讨了我国开展地基雷达探测的设想.