一种新型大鼠门腔静脉转位模型的建立

目的探讨一种新型大鼠门腔静脉转位模型建立的可行性。方法大鼠40只,采用袖套法建立同种异体血管门腔静脉转位模型。于左肾静脉末端安装一袖套,将左肾静脉与门静脉残端借袖套连接,贴近左肾静脉上方结扎并剪断下腔静脉,将下腔静脉借同种异体血管及袖套与肠系膜上静脉连接。另取10只大鼠切除左肾后作为对照组。观察术后大鼠的体重、生化指标、核磁共振及其肝脏病理学变化。结果40只大鼠门腔静脉转位后近、远期存活良好,术后24h至2月存活率均为97．50％（39／40）。术后2周核磁共振检查显示血流通畅。与对照组比较,实验组大鼠术后2月白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和总胆红素、体重等指标差异均无统计学意义。术后2月肝组织病理检查结果正常。结论采用同种异体血管借助袖套方法建立大鼠门腔静脉转位模型是可行的。     

Needle oophoropexy: a new simple technique for ovarian transposition prior to pelvic irradiation

Background  

Irradiation of the pelvis in the treatment of cancers will result in ovarian failure unless the ovaries are shielded adequately. To protect the ovaries, an oophoropexy may be performed. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility, morbidity, and efficacy of laparoscopic ovarian transposition using a simple percutaneous needle technique.     

Varicocele in the rat: a new experimental model

Summary With no consistent animal prototype for the study of varicocele, we set out to create a model in the rat by complete ligation of the main branch of left spermatic vein (MBSV) or by partial ligation of the left renal vein. Three months later, the histology, ultrastructure and temperature of the testis and epididymis were studied. Microscopically, spermatogenic arrest was the most frequent anomaly seen. The most frequently noted ultrastructural change of the testis was distension of smooth endoplasmic reticula in Sertoli cells. The microvilli of columnar epithelia in epididymis were sparse and showed local defects. Lesions and increased temperatures in the testis and epididymis induced by the ligation of the left MBSV were similar to those seen in partial ligation of the left renal veins, with no significant differences between left and right. Significant differences were found, however, on comparison with the controls.     

Omental transposition decreases ischemic brain damage examined in a new ischemia model

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether omental transposition at the time of focal cerebral ischemia can decrease ischemic brain damage produced in dogs, in a new ischemia model, which had been described by us. METHODS: In group 1 (n = 5), the left internal carotid artery and arterial circle of the brain (posterior communicating artery in humans) were occluded permanently. In group 2 (n = 5), additionally to this ischemia model, omental transposition was performed simultaneously. In the postoperative early period (first 24 h), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and in the late period (72-96 h) SPECT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were performed. Mann-Whitney U, paired t and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used for statistical analyses, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The dogs had a neurological score (NS) of 3.6 +/- 0.5 and 3.4 +/-0.5 in groups 1 and 2, respectively, in the early period (p > 0.05). In the late period, the dogs had an NS of 4.4 +/- 0.5 and 5.6 +/- 0.5 in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.05). The NS of each group differed significantly between the early and late period (p < 0.05). Early SPECT imaging showed 50 +/- 7.0% and 52 +/- 8.4% hypoperfusion corresponding to the left middle cerebral artery territory in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p > 0.05). In the late period, the degree of hypoperfusion decreased to 34 +/- 5.5% and 12 +/- 4.8% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.05). The degree of hypoperfusion in both groups changed significantly between the early and late period (p < 0.05). In T(1)- and T(2)-weighted MRI images, the volume of the lesion in group 1 was significantly greater than in group 2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In our new ischemia model, simultaneous omental transposition is helpful in reversing the neurologic deficit and cerebral ischemic damage.     

Free SIEA-flap transposition in a rat model with preservation of the limb circulation

An experimental rat model has been developed with transposition of the free groin flap to the dorsum of the rat to simplify postoperative monitoring and prevent autocannibalism. In existing models, the limb vessels are ligated when harvesting the flap. This can result in ischemia, and vasoactive factors having an impact on the microcirculation of the free flap may be released. In this study, a groin flap based on the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) was harvested in 12 Wistar rats. The transplant included a short segment of the femoral artery while the femoral vein was kept intact. The flap was transposed to the dorsum of the neck where the vessels were anastomosed. The divided femoral artery in the groin was reanastomosed. Nine (75%) of the 12 flaps were successful. The femoral anastomosis in the groin stayed patent in all cases. The microsurgical free-flap procedure presented has significant advantages compared to existing models and may be useful for practical microsurgical training and also for scientific purposes.This work was presented at the Autumn Congress of the Norwegian Association of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo, Norway, October 22, 2004.     

简单条件下大鼠肾移植模型的建立

目的探讨在简单条件下,稳定的、用于移植后早期免疫功能等实验研究的大鼠肾移植模型的建立方法。方法以Wistar大鼠为供体,Sprague Dawley大鼠为受体。取供体大鼠左肾,移植物包括与肾静脉相连的下腔静脉段,与肾动脉相连的腹主动脉段,以及与输尿管相连的供体膀胱瓣,经腹主动脉原位低温灌注6～8mL4℃肝素生理盐水。受体手术于裸眼下完成,供体下腔静脉与受体下腔静脉、供体腹主动脉与受体腹主动脉行端侧吻合,供体输尿管带膀胱瓣与受体膀胱两定点连续缝合。结果共完成50例异体肾移植大鼠模型,存活41例,手术成功率82%,存活时间（6.3±1.6）d。供体手术时间（44.8±7.4）min、受体手术时间（59.0±6.6）min、动脉吻合时间（15.9±2.3）min、静脉吻合时间（14.2±2.7）min、尿路重建时间（5.3±0.8）min、热缺血时间（55.7±4.5）s和冷缺血时间（55.1±5.9）min。结论建立此模型所需要的实验条件简单,术者容易掌握,移植成功率高。     

Auxiliary liver-heart transplantation in the rat: a new microsurgical model inducing tolerance

OBJECTIVE: To establish a model of immunological tolerance induced by simultaneous auxiliary liver transplantation and heterotopic heart transplantations using PVG and DA rats as donors and recipients respectively, to provide a new method for the research of liver transplantation. METHODS: The recipient's whole portal vein blood was transfered to the auxiliary liver allograft. The donor's heart was transplanted to the recipient's abdominal cavity by end-to-side anastomosis of the donor aorta and pulmonary artery to the recipient aorta and vena cava, respectively. RESULTS: In the syngeneic control group and the test group the recipient rats and their transplanted hearts both survived more than 100 days, while the hearts of alloheart control group only survived 6 days. The weight of the liver graft increased slowly. CONCLUSIONS: In the presence of recipient liver, the auxiliary liver graft functioned well to induce tolerance. At 100 days, the auxiliary liver graft had increased in volume and weight with maintenance of its tolerance-inducing effects.     

Different venous end-to-side microanastomotic techniques: comparative study in a new rat model

End-to-side venous anastomosis is sometimes necessary when there is the lack of a suitable vein, when there is a size discrepancy in the veins to be repaired, or when the anastomosis of multiple veins is required. The effects of elliptical vs. slit venotomy on vessel patency have not been investigated in a flap model. A new, simple, reliable, and reproducible model is described in which the femoral vein of the groin flap is anastomosed to the side of the deep dorsal penile vein. Elliptical hole and slit venotomies were tested in 26 Sprague-Dawley rats, and the anastomoses were 100% patent. The type of venotomy was not found to affect patency. Either technique is equally valid in end-to-side venous anastomosis, and the model itself is convenient for training.     

Multiorgan transplantation in the rat: development of a new microsurgical model.

Although transplantation of multiple abdominal viscera (MOTx) has been performed in humans, reproducible animal models and extensive laboratory work are needed to explore the physiological and immunological aspects of this new transplant procedure. We therefore developed a microsurgical model that allows en bloc transplantation of three major abdominal viscera. Using isogeneic rat strain combinations, 30% of the liver, pancreas, and duodenum and a segment of small bowel (SB) were heterotopically transplanted. A segment of aorta that included the celiac axis and the superior mesenteric artery provided the blood supply to the graft. Venous outflow occurred via the graft suprahepatic vena cava into the recipient's infrahepatic vena cava. The graft SB was anastomosed to the native SB. After a training period (N = 15), we could achieve a success rate of 83% (N = 23). Mean operation time was 105 minutes. Macroscopic and microscopic appearance of transplanted organs was normal. This study documents the feasibility of MOTx in the rat and provides a microsurgical model that should facilitate preclinical experimental research in this area.     

A new rat spinal cord injury model: a ventral compression technique

A new rat spinal cord injury model, which uses a modification of a DeBakey aortic aneurysm clamp to create the injury, is presented. The model produces a ventral persisting mass (bone and soft tissue) without the requirement of a prior decompressive operation (laminectomy). Modifications of the original technique have resulted in a nil surgical mortality rate. This technique has been applied to 138 animals. It has produced a consistent percentage of animals with complete myelopathies, as well as incomplete myelopathies and animals without apparent injury. The percent of baseline neurological function lost (change in degrees of the angle of tilt as measured by the inclined plane technique) in each group of surviving animals was 58, 36, and 9%, respectively. Sagittal postmortem sections confirmed mass lesions located ventral to the spinal cord. Histological sections confirmed neuronal loss consistent with the neurological findings.     

Arteriovenous fistula in the rat tail: a new model of hemodialysis access dysfunction

Problems with vascular access are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. We established a rodent model of arteriovenous fistula by anastomosing the end of a lateral vein to the side of the ventral artery of the rat tail. All operations were technically successful and in all animals the fistula was patent with a dilated fistula vein clearly visible after 28 days. Neointimal hyperplasia was found in 4 out of 5 fistulae with varied pathology from immature to more mature lesions seen both proximal and distal to the anastomosis. There was no particular pattern to the presence of or type of lesion found at any particular site of the fistulae. This fistula promises to be useful in analyzing pathologic processes that occur in native arteriovenous fistulae since the vein is accessible to functional studies and to test new subcutaneous or intravascular treatments.     

一种新型大鼠胰腺癌模型的制备

目的 研制一种普通大鼠胰腺癌模型。方法 切开ＳＤ大鼠胰腺被膜及部分胰腺实质,深１ｍｍ,置入９ｍｇ的二甲基苯并蒽（ＤＭＢＡ）,缝合胰腺被膜。结果 ３￣５个人大鼠胰腺癌发生率为６５％（３３／５０）,其中３０只为胰腺导管上皮腺癌,镜下癌细胞呈腺管样分布,腺腔大小不一,核异型明显,并可见癌细胞巢;３只大鼠形成胰腺纤维肉瘤,胰腺完全消失,被弥漫分布的纤维肉瘤细胞取代。结论 采用较大剂量的ＤＭＢＡ直接置入胰腺     

In vivo microscopy of a rat abdominal skin flap: A new model

This study describes a rat abdominal skin flap model of in vivo microscopy which provides a reliable, easy to perform system in which to examine the microcirculation of flaps. The island flap, which is based on the superficial inferior epigastric vessels caudally, and drained proximally by the lateral thoracic vein, can be mounted directly on a Perspex microscope stage. In vivo microscopy of the subdermal plexus of the flap allows detailed study of blood flow pattern, capillary flow, microvessel diameter, and margination of leucocytes, in a skin flap with versatile blood supply and innervation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Auxiliary liver transplantation with portal arterialization in the rat: description of a new model

In recent years, portal arterialization has been used in liver transplantation to increase the portal flow, as a solution for singular technical problems. We have developed a new auxiliary liver transplantation model in the rat with portal arterialization, so the native hepatic hilium remains untouched, consisting on a graft with a previous 70% hepatectomy. It is sited on the right renal bed, joining the infrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) of the graft with the recipient IVC. With an abdominal aortic graft, we connect the recipient aorta with the portal vein from the auxiliary liver. All the animals survived at the seventh day. No thrombosis was seen in any graft and an important rejection was observed in all the fields. We have developed a new experimental model of an auxiliary liver with portal arterialization, avoiding the utilisation of the native hepatic hilium, necessary for the possible recovering of the proper liver in the case of a reversible fulminant hepatitis.     

Arterialization of the portal vein in liver transplantation: a new microsurgical model in the rat

BACKGROUND: A preexisting thrombosis of the portal vein and the deep splanchnic bed can make it extremely difficult to reestablish the portal blood flow in orthotopic liver transplantation in man. Complete arterialization of the liver transplant, including the donor portal vein, might be a viable therapeutic option. A new rat transplantation model is described, in which the liver is completely arterialized. METHODS: The outflow of the portal blood in the recipient was secured via a portocaval shunt. Hepatectomy was then performed and the liver transplant placed in orthotopic position. An interposed aortic segment was used for direct arterialization of the donor portal vein. RESULTS: The laboratory parameters determined in the serum at the end of the observation period of 28 days revealed normal functioning of the transplant. The histological examinations showed largely normal cellular architecture, with no signs of necrosis, but incipient fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Using this new surgical technique in the rat liver transplantation model, long-term morphological and functional changes in a completely arterialized liver graft, and the regenerative capability of liver tissue perfused in this way, can be investigated.     

Decorin as a new treatment alternative in Peyronie's disease: preliminary results in the rat model

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of decorin, a naturally occurring proteoglycan with anti‐transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) activity, on the rat model of Peyronie's disease (PD). Twenty‐five adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided in three groups: I) TGF‐β (0.5 μg) injected (n: 8); II) TGF‐β injected and decorin treated (n: 8); and III) controls (n: 9). Decorin (0.5 μg per day) was given with intracavernous injection on the second, third, fourth and fifth day following TGF‐β injection. All rats underwent electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve after 6 weeks. Intracavernosal and arterial blood pressures were measured during this procedure. Cross‐sections of the rat penises were examined using Mason trichrome and H&E stains. Statistical analyses were carried out using one‐way anova . Histopathological examinations confirmed the Peyronie's‐like condition in TGF‐β‐injected rats, which exhibited a thickening of the tunica albuginea (TA), when compared to controls. Disorganisation of collagen on the TA was also prominent in TGF‐β‐injected rats, but not in decorin‐treated and control rats. Decorin‐treated rats showed significantly higher maximal intracavernosal pressure (MIP) responses to cavernous nerve stimulation, when compared to group 1 (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that decorin antagonises the effects of TGF‐β in the rat model of PD and prevents diminished erectile response to cavernous nerve stimulation.