后路多轴螺钉-棒系统经侧块与椎弓根固定寰枢椎

 【目的】探讨后路多轴螺钉-棒系统经侧块与椎弓根固定寰枢椎疗效。【方法】11例患者接受C1后弓和（或）侧块与C2椎弓根多轴螺钉-棒系统固定融合术。男8例，女3例。C1-2脱位7例，肿瘤2例，Jefferson骨折并横韧带断裂及C2齿突及椎弓骨折脱位各1例。9例有不同程度的脊髓压迫症表现。根据JOA评分平均为13．9分。所有患者术前行X线片、CT平扫与三维重建和MR／检查。【结果】10例C1采用经后弓和侧块固定，1例直接侧块固定。C2经椎弓根固定。所有螺钉位置良好，骨折与脱位复位固定满意，肿瘤切除后固定牢固，无并发症。11例获平均13个月随访，X线片显示寰枢关节无复位丢失，全部患者获得坚固融合。神经功能JOA评分改善率为79．3％。【结论】个性化选择显露和进钉方式，能保证C1与C2椎弓根螺钉植入的安全性与准确性。后路多轴螺钉-棒系统经椎弓根固定C1-2疗效满意。     

颈椎后路内固定治疗寰枢椎骨折脱位

目的 观察颈椎后路椎弓根及侧块螺钉钉棒系统内固定治疗寰枢椎骨折脱位的临床疗效和安全性.方法 选取2008年7月～2011年7月在我院接受治疗的寰枢椎骨折脱位患者22例,进行颈椎后路椎弓根及侧块螺钉钉棒系统内固定治疗.结果 所有患者手术顺利,随访4～36个月,平均12.6个月.除1例患者失访外,其余21位患者均复位满意,术后1年16例患者的ASIA92评分与术前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 颈椎后路内固定治疗寰枢椎骨折脱位,操作安全、固定牢固,是一种可靠有效的方法.     

寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位3例

目的探讨后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的可行性和疗效。方法采用后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位3例,其中3例均为男性,年龄2856岁,车祸伤2例,砸伤1例,齿状突骨折1例,寰枢关节脱位2例。按Dickman等根据横韧带及骨性结构的损伤程度及范围分型：ⅠA型2例,ⅡB型1例。观察后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的力学稳定性和植骨融合情况。结果术后随访6个月-2年,平均16个月。术后3个月随访,植骨均得到骨性愈合,与术前X线相比,侧块椎弓根螺钉及固定钛缆无断裂、松动及脱落征象。结论后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位即提供了坚强的内固定,减少了钛缆断裂等并发症,又给了植骨块一个很好的固定,更好的促进了植骨融合,提高了疗效。     

颅底凹陷症合并寰枢椎脱位手术治疗体会(附8例报告)

目的 介绍8例颅底凹陷症合并寰枢椎脱位颈枕后路钉棒系统辅助下齿状突复位的技术要点及临床效果。方法 2010年1月至2013年5月收治颅底凹陷症合并寰枢椎脱位患者8例,所有患者都选用强生公司钉棒系统、Y型枕骨板和钛棒,其中行双侧C2椎弓根螺钉固定4例,行双侧C2椎弓根螺钉及双侧C3侧块螺钉固定3例,行右侧C2椎弓根螺钉、左侧C3侧块螺钉及双侧C4侧块螺钉固定1例。术前后均行X光片、CT扫描观察齿状突复位效果及螺钉位置, 通过比较术前术后钱氏线( CL)、寰椎齿突间隙(ADI)和延髓脊髓夹角(CMA), 评价手术疗效。结果 8例患者中手术后齿状突均达到不同程度的复位,CT复查螺钉位置理想,所有病例均形成良好骨性融合。随访2~40个月, 所有患者术前肢体麻木、无力等症状较术前明显好转,1例患者术后出现吞咽固体食物困难,对症治疗1月后好转。结论 颈枕后路钉棒植入并撑开技术可以有效地治疗颅底凹陷合并寰枢椎脱位,解除齿状突脱位导致的压迫症状。     

椎弓根螺钉在治疗寰枢椎不稳手术中的应用

目的：探讨椎弓根螺钉固定系统在治疗襄枢椎不稳的临床应用价值。方法：16例寰枢椎不稳的患者接受了椎弓根螺钉内固定系统并植骨融合的治疗,男9例,女7例。根据JOA评分均为9．7分。所有患者术前行X线片、CT平扫与三维重建和MRI检查。结果：所有螺钉位置良好,骨折与脱位复位固定满意,肿瘤切除后固定牢固,无并发症。16例获平均18个月随访,X线片显示寰枢关节无复位丢失,全部患者获得坚固融合。神经功能JOA评分优良率为87．5％。结论：个性化选择显露和进钉方式,能保证C1与C2椎弓根螺钉植入的安全性与准确性。后路椎弓根螺钉内固定系统治疗寰枢椎不稳疗效满意。     

椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折

目的探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折的疗效。方法对12例齿状突骨折的患者经术前颅骨牵引或枕颌带牵引,采用后路椎弓根螺钉行寰枢椎固定。结果所有螺钉位置良好,骨折与脱位复位固定满意,无神经血管等并发症发生;随访12～38个月（平均24个月）,12例患者齿状突骨折均骨性愈合,椎间稳定性得到恢复,未出现内固定物断裂,无延迟愈合及骨不连,脊髓神经功能恢复好,JOA评分优良率82.2%。结论个性化置钉,能保证寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉植入的安全性与准确性。经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗齿状突骨折,可为患者提供牢固、稳定的三维固定,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

后路寰椎侧块结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗上颈椎不稳的临床研究

目的探讨应用寰椎侧块螺钉与枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合治疗上颈椎不稳的疗效。方法2006年2月至2008年9月,采用寰椎侧块螺钉结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗寰枢椎不稳l0例,其中齿突陈旧性骨折3例,新鲜齿突骨折7例(Aderson ⅡC型)。所有患者均伴有寰枢椎脱位或不稳,表现为不同程度的颈枕区疼痛,活动受限。寰椎侧块螺钉进钉点选择在寰椎后结节中点旁l8～20mm与后弓下缘以上2mm的交点处,钉道与冠状面垂直,矢状面上螺钉向头侧倾斜约5°。枢椎椎弓根螺钉进钉点为枢椎下关节突根部中点,钉道与矢状面夹角约l5°,与横断面夹角约30°。螺钉直径3.5mm,寰椎侧块螺钉长28～32mm,枢椎椎弓根螺钉长22～30mm。均用Oasys固定。结果l0例患者共置入寰椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎弓根螺钉各20枚。无一例患者发生脊髓和椎动脉损伤。所有患者均获随访,随访3～15月,平均8个月。术后3个月JOA评分13.2～16.8分,平均l4.8分,改善率为87.5%。植骨块全部融合,无内固定断裂、松动。结论后路寰椎侧块螺钉结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定具有稳定的三维固定效果,可用于治疗上颈椎不稳。     

成功治疗复杂的寰枢椎骨折脱位1例

难复性寰枢椎脱位的治疗是脊柱外科的一个难题,寰椎前脱位会形成齿状突或枢椎体对脊髓腹侧的压迫,表现为截瘫.对于患者的治疗,一般应先采用经口咽入路将寰枢关节松解、复位,再行后路内固定植骨融合[1-3],也可以在前路松解复位的同时行钢板固定[4].我院收治一例陈旧、难复性寰枢椎骨折脱位患者,因同时合并有下颌骨陈旧骨折,张口明显受限,难以经口咽入路松解寰枢关节.同时患者还合并枢椎椎体陈旧骨折,难以行枢椎椎弓根钉系统内固定.对于此患者,我们采用后路枢椎一侧半椎板切除减压,另一侧颈1-3半椎板间植骨融合,以寰椎椎弓根、第三颈椎弓侧块螺钉钉板系统做内固定,患者治疗成功,报告如下：     

后路椎弓根内固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折

目的：探讨椎弓根内固定系统在治疗枢椎齿状突骨折的临床应用价值。方法：7例枢椎齿状突骨折患者接受椎弓根螺钉内固定系统并植骨融合治疗。结果：所有螺钉位置良好，骨折与脱住复住固定满意，无并发症。7例获平均18个月随访，X线片显示寰枢关节无复位丢失，全部患者获得坚固融合。神经功能JOA评分优良率87．5％。结论：个性化选择显露和进钉方式，能保证C1与C2椎弓根螺钉植入的安全性与准确性。后路椎弓根螺钉内固定系统治疗枢椎齿突骨折疗效满意。     

经后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗寰枢椎不稳

目的 探讨经后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗寰枢椎不稳的临床疗效.方法 2007年1月～2010年3月采用寰枢椎经后路椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗C1-2不稳患者26例,男17例,女9例,年龄18～72岁,平均45.5岁.皆有寰枢椎脱位或半脱位,其中先天性齿状突不连11例,陈旧齿状突骨折6例,新鲜齿状突骨折(ⅡC型)3例,寰椎横韧带断裂4例,寰椎骨折2例.术前JOA评分(8.6±3.0)分.结果 26例手术时间2.5～3.5h,平均2.9 h;出血量400～650ml,平均460ml.术中未发生椎动脉和脊髓损伤.所有患者均获随访,随访时间6～33个月,平均随访17.5个月,术后3个月JOA评分(14.7±2.1)分.螺钉位置良好,无钉棒断裂、变形及松动,3～6个月21例植骨患者均获植骨融合.5例未行植骨患者1年后拆除内固定,寰枢关节旋转功能良好.结论 寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒固定术是治疗寰枢椎不稳的有效方法.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.