微量元素硒及有机硒药物研究进展

从硒的营养学、硒的免疫学、硒的肿瘤学三个方面概括了微量元素硒的研究进展。研究表明，一些含硒有机化合物具有抗氧化性、抗炎、防癌、抗癌等药用前景。     

微量元素硒与糖尿病

糖尿病严重威胁着人类健康。生物向量元素硒与糖尿病的关系引起了很多研究者的兴趣。本文从糖尿病患者的机体硒水平、硒的类胰岛素作用的硒对糖代谢的影响等三个方面综述了有关这一领域的研究进展。     

内质网硒蛋白的研究进展

硒是哺乳动物必需的一种微量营养元素,主要以硒代半胱氨酸的形式存在于各种硒蛋白中,硒的主要生物功能通过硒蛋白实现.在25种哺乳动物硒蛋白中,有7种硒蛋白位于内质网,分别为2型脱碘酶、15-kDa硒蛋白、硒蛋白M、硒蛋白T、硒蛋白K、硒蛋白S和硒蛋白N.除了2型脱碘酶外,对其余内质网硒蛋白知之甚少.最近一些研究显示,一些内质网硒蛋白在氧化还原平衡调节、蛋白质折叠质量控制、错误折叠蛋白从内质网逆向转运至胞质、Ca2+稳态调节、内质网应激调节及炎症调节等过程中发挥作用.本文介绍了每种内质网硒蛋白的结构、功能及其生理和病理作用的一些最新研究进展,并对未来需要研究的内容进行了展望.     

硒酶模型化合物研究进展

综述了几种硒酶模型化合物的研究进展，这些模型化合物包括Ｅｂｓｅｌｅｎ。硒代枯草杆菌蛋白酶ＧＳｅＨ和一些二硒化合物。     

硒与肿瘤关系研究的进展

概述了近20年来，硒与肿瘤关系的研究进展．包括：环境中的硒水平与肿瘤，肿瘤患者硒水平及其临床意义，硒的抗癌机理和在防治肿瘤上的应用。     

仿硒酶研究进展

硒是人体中必需的微量元素,它与各种疾病和人类健康息息相关。硒在生物体内以硒代半胱氨酸形式表现其生理活性和功能。为了探索硒在硒蛋白中结构和功能关系并可能发展成硒相关的适用药物,人们付出许多努力来发展硒蛋白模拟化学。由于硒酶—谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）重要的抗氧化作用以及潜在的药用价值,国际上广泛开展了对它的人工模拟研究。本文对近年来硒酶模拟化学和生物学相关研究进展进行了综述。     

生物样品中硒的测定方法研究进展

硒是生物体必需的微量元素,硒的毒性和营养功能与其总量有关,硒的测定具有重要意义。综述了生物样品中硒的测定分析方法研究进展,包括：样品预处理方法,荧光法,原子吸收光谱法,原子荧光光谱法,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法,吸光光度法,化学发光法,电分析法,中子活化分析法,色谱法等。     

基因组中硒蛋白的信息学

人类已经步入"后基因组"时代,基因组研究的重心将由测定基因的DNA序列转移到解释生命的所有遗传信息,从分子整体水平对生物学功能的研究,在分子层面上探索人类健康和疾病的奥秘.硒蛋白基因是各种基因组中一类重要的蛋白质基因,从基因组中寻找新的硒蛋白基因,对于硒蛋白生物功能的探索具有十分重要的意义.本文就硒代半胱氨酸插入元件(SECIS)结构特征、从基因组中寻找硒蛋白的生物信息学方法及其研究进展作了简要介绍,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

生物样品中硒的测定方法及形态分析研究进展

硒的毒性和营养功能不仅与其总量有关,而且与其存在的化学形态有关。因此,硒的测定及形态分析对于了解不同形态的硒化物在生物体和环境中的迁移转化规律具有重要意义。文章综述了生物样品中硒的测定分析方法以及形态分析研究进展。     

硒催化反应最新研究进展

价廉易得的非金属硒作催化剂不但具有良好的催化活化CO的性能及反应过程相转移催化特性, 而且能循环使用. 用Se/CO催化体系替代贵金属催化羰基化法及剧毒的光气法进行羰基化反应及用Se/CO/H2O催化体系进行高选择性的还原反应, 具有反应条件温和、原子经济性高、成本低、环境友好、路线简短、后处理方便等优点, 因而引起人们的广泛关注. 概述了近几年来硒催化羰基化反应和硒催化选择性还原反应的最新研究进展, 并对硒催化反应的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of Se-modified carbon-supported Ru nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction

This work is part of a continued research aimed at the understanding of the promoting role of Se in the enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity of Ru in the oxygen reduction reaction. The objective of this paper is to systematically investigate the transformation of Ru nanoparticles upon their modification with the increasing amounts of Se. The Se-modified Ru/C samples with Se:Ru ratio from 0 to 1 were prepared by reacting carbon-supported Ru nanoparticles with SeO2 followed by reductive annealing and characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure. The results suggest that Se strongly interacts with Ru, resulting in the chemical bond between Ru and Se and formation of Ru selenide clusters whose core at low Se content can be described as Ru2Se2O0.5. At Se:Ru = 1, high-resolution electron microscopy shows evidence of formation of core-shell particles, comprising a hexagonally packed Ru core and a Ru selenide shell with lamellar morphology. Modification of Ru nanoparticles with Se enhances their electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction, which is explained by the role of Se in inhibiting surface oxidation.     

Regulation of Selenium/Sulfur Interactions to Enhance Chemopreventive Effects: Lessons to Learn from Brassicaceae

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, which represents an integral part of glutathione peroxidase and other selenoproteins involved in the protection of cells against oxidative damage. Selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocysteine (SeCys), and methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) are the forms of Se that occur in living systems. Se-containing compounds have been found to reduce carcinogenesis of animal models, and dietary supplemental Se might decrease cancer risk. Se is mainly taken up by plant roots in the form of selenate via high-affinity sulfate transporters. Consequently, owing to the chemical similarity between Se and sulfur (S), the availability of S plays a key role in Se accumulation owing to competition effects in absorption, translocation, and assimilation. Moreover, naturally occurring S-containing compounds have proven to exhibit anticancer potential, in addition to other bioactivities. Therefore, it is important to understand the interaction between Se and S, which depends on Se/S ratio in the plant or/and in the growth medium. Brassicaceae (also known as cabbage or mustard family) is an important family of flowering plants that are grown worldwide and have a vital role in agriculture and populations’ health. In this review we discuss the distribution and further interactions between S and Se in Brassicaceae and provide several examples of Se or Se/S biofortifications’ experiments in brassica vegetables that induced the chemopreventive effects of these crops by enhancing the production of Se- or/and S-containing natural compounds. Extensive further research is required to understand Se/S uptake, translocation, and assimilation and to investigate their potential role in producing anticancer drugs.     

Direct Trifluoromethylselenolation and Fluoroalkylselenolation of C−H Bonds: Recent Advances in Reagents Development and Reactions

Due to their high lipophilicity and strong electron-withdrawing property, more and more attention has been paid to introducing trifluoromethylseleno and fluoroalkylseleno moieties into organic molecules. In this short review, we categorize the synthesis of compounds that combine selenium and fluorinated moieties into two main types: trifluoromethylselenolation (CF₃Se) and fluoroalkylselenolation (R_fSe, except CF₃Se). This review aims to provide a summary of the recent advances in direct C−H trifluoromethylselenolation and fluoroalkylselenolation from the synthesis of trifluoromethylselenolation and fluoroalkylselenolation reagents to their application. Based on the method of how the R_fSe group was introduced, the main content is divided into three parts: transition-metal-free reactions, transition-metal-mediated/catalyzed reactions and photo-catalyzed reactions. The general substrate scope, mechanism and limitations would also be discussed so that we hope the review will serve as an inspiration for further research in this appealing research field.     

Selenium Alleviates the Adverse Effect of Drought in Oilseed Crops Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) and Canola (Brassica napus L.)

Drought poses a serious threat to oilseed crops by lowering yield and crop failures under prolonged spells. A multi-year field investigation was conducted to enhance the drought tolerance in four genotypes of Camelina and canola by selenium (Se) application. The principal aim of the research was to optimize the crop yield by eliciting the physio-biochemical attributes by alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress. Both crops were cultivated under control (normal irrigation) and drought stress (skipping irrigation at stages i.e., vegetative and reproductive) conditions. Four different treatments of Se viz., seed priming with Se (75 μM), foliar application of Se (7.06 μM), foliar application of Se + Seed priming with Se (7.06 μM and 75 μM, respectively) and control (without Se), were implemented at the vegetative and reproductive stages of both crops. Sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), an inorganic compound was used as Se sources for both seed priming and foliar application. Data regarding physiochemical, antioxidants, and yield components were recorded as response variables at crop maturity. Results indicated that WP, OP, TP, proline, TSS, TFAA, TPr, TS, total chlorophyll contents, osmoprotectant (GB, anthocyanin, TPC, and flavonoids), antioxidants (APX, SOD, POD, and CAT), and yield components (number of branches per plant, thousand seed weight, seed, and biological yields were significantly improved by foliar Se + priming Se in both crops under drought stress. Moreover, this treatment was also helpful in boosting yield attributes under irrigated (non-stress) conditions. Camelina genotypes responded better to Se application as seed priming and foliar spray than canola for both years. It has concluded that Se application (either foliar or priming) can potentially alleviate adverse effects of drought stress in camelina and canola by eliciting various physio-biochemicals attributes under drought stress. Furthermore, Se application was also helpful for crop health under irrigated condition.     

浙江长兴富硒农产品开发情况调查

对浙北长兴水口富硒土壤开发情况调研表明,该地土壤理化性质优越,硒含量高,生态环境优良。通过精心耕种,合理施肥,科学管理,所产农产品一般硒含量高、品质好、重金属低、社会经济效益好,为全省天然富硒农产品的规模生产提供了良好示范。     

Selenium speciation determines the angiogenesis effect through regulating selenoproteins to trigger ROS-mediated cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest

Tumor angiogenesis is closely related to tumor development, immune escape, and drug resistance. Therefore, the development of effective anti-tumor angiogenesis drugs is of great research significance. Although the current clinical angiogenesis inhibitors have achieved certain efficacy, they also pose the problems of limited and short duration of efficacy, drug resistance, and intrinsic toxicity. Anti-tumor angiogenesis strategies targeting endothelial cells (ECs) have attracted widespread attention in the development of highly effective and low toxicity anti-angiogenesis inhibitors. Studies have verified that the trace element selenium (Se) can inhibit tumor growth by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis through different mechanisms. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether Se speciation has different effects on anti-tumor angiogenesis. Herein, we found that Se exhibited effective anti-angiogenic activity, and its mechanisms of activity were determined by its chemical speciation. Organic Se can significantly inhibit tumor angiogenesis by targeting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) to trigger cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in ECs. Inorganic Se can induce cell cycle arrest and increase ROS production in ECs, showing promising anti-angiogenic effects. Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) slightly inhibit tumor angiogenesis by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and by increasing the production of ROS. In summary, this study elucidates the anti-angiogenic activity of Se speciation control with a view to providing a scientific reference for the design and development of novel Se-based highly effective and low toxicity angiogenesis inhibitors.     

Activation analysis of Se in biological samples through75Se and77mSe

A method is described to separate trace amounts of selenium in biological samples without using a carrier. This method is based on the adsorption on active carbon of the complex ion formed with APDC /ammonium salt of l-pyrrolidine carbodithioic acid/ at pH 1. The efficiency of the radiochemical separation described is measured by using carrier-free⁷⁵Se labelled solutions of sodium selenite at selenium concentrations from 3.5×10^–8 to 3.5×10^–11 g ml^–1. The results were between 95% and 98% with statistical variations from 2% to 10%. The determination of selenium can be made following this separation either through⁷⁵Se in the traditional way, or through^77mSe if the separation is performed prior to irradiation. The detection limits on the available conditions were 0.01 ppm for⁷⁵Se and 0.1 ppm for^77mSe. When the analysis is performed through⁷⁵Se /t=120 d/, the statistical error is notably smaller because the counting time may be considerable, whereas through^77mSe/t=17.5 s/it is higher than 20%, depending on the concentration and the available neutron flux. However, the advantages of gaining time and the fact of performing the trace separation from a non radioactive material, make both procedures competitive as useful tools for the research on the function of Se in vertebrates.     

Fe（Ⅱ）-矿物对亚硒酸的还原作用

79Se是核反应过程中产生的长半衰期（T1/2=2.95×105年）裂片产物核素,具有化学和辐射双重毒性,是高放废物地质处置中重点关注的几个放射性核素之一.硒的溶液化学性质比较特殊,以高价态形式存在的硒酸和亚硒酸,几乎不受溶解度控制,并难以被黏土或花岗岩等处置库围岩介质所吸附,迁移性极强,而当其以低价态（0、–I、–II）形式存在时,易形成固体沉淀.因此将高价态的硒还原生成沉淀是阻滞79Se迁移的最主要方式.从另一方面讲,Fe（II）-矿物是自然界中普遍存在的具有还原性的物质.本文对近年来国内外在Fe（II）-矿物还原亚硒酸方面开展的研究工作进行了一个回顾,并从热力学的角度,对这些矿物还原亚硒酸的可行性及控制产物生成的因素进行了分析.     

Investigations of thermal,optical and electrical properties of Se85In15−xBix glasses and thin films

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In our present research work, we have investigated the different thermal, optical and electrical properties of Se85In15?xBix alloys in bulk and...     

微量元素硒的临床应用和研究

简述了近年来硒的临床应用和研究概况，主要内容涉及到硒在抗衰老，治疗病毒性肝炎和肿瘤中的应用以及硒的补充。