羟自由基诱导烟草细胞凋亡

用适当浓度组合的硫酸亚铁和过氧化氢反应以产生羟自由基来处理烟草悬浮细胞,首次观察了细胞中染色质凝缩、边缘化、细胞核解体等典型的细胞凋亡的形态学特征;在ＤＮＡ琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱上观察到因核ＤＮＡ有规则地在核小体间被降解而产生的阶梯条带;末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的３’－ＯＨ末端标记法（ｔｅｒｍｉｎａｌ ｄｅｏｘｙｎｕｃｌｅｏｔｉｄｙｌ ｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｓｅ（ＴｄＴ）－ｍｅｄｉａｔｅｄ ｄＵＴＰ ｎ     

细胞色素c能诱导植物细胞编程性死亡

以悬浮培养的胡萝卜（ＤａｕｃｕｓｃａｒｏｔａＬ．）与烟草（ＮｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｔａｂａｃｕｍＬ．ｃｖ．ＢＹ２）细胞原生质体为材料,加入一定浓度的细胞色素ｃ和ｄＡＴＰ。不同取样时间的ＤＡＰＩ荧光染色与电镜超薄切片观察的结果显示染色质发生凝集、趋边化,最终形成凋亡小体。核酸电泳显示ＤＮＡ发生特异降解并形成电泳“阶梯”（ＤＮＡｌａｄｄｅｒ）。用末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的ｄＵＴＰ切口末端标记方法（ＴＵＮＥＬ）检测发现ＤＮＡ的３＇ＯＨ断端被原位特异标记。以上结果说明：细胞色素ｃ能诱导植物细胞发生典型的凋亡。     

彗星电泳法在植物原生质体凋亡检测中的应用

应用中性法彗星电泳检测烟草（ＮｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｔａｂａｃｕｍＬ．）原生质体的凋亡。结果表明,彗星发生的百分率（彗星率）和发生核质固缩及“核着边”（凋亡形态学标志）的细胞的百分率之间存在明确的相关性。利用标准的细胞凋亡检测手段,包括ＤＮＡｌａｄｄｅｒｉｎｇ及核糖核酸末端转移酶介导的ｂｉｏｔｉｎｄＵＴＰ缺口末端标记（ＴＵＮＥＬ）,都证明这种彗星电泳法可以用来比较精确地检测植物原生质体的凋亡。     

乙烯诱导胡萝卜原生质体凋亡

乙烯是一种参与多种重要生理学过程的植物激素。用乙烯利在密闭条件下处理胡萝卜（ＤａｕｃｕｓｃａｒｏｔａＬ．）原生质体（在ｐＨ＞４．１时释放乙烯）,发现随着乙烯利浓度增加,细胞死亡率逐渐增高。经乙烯利处理的胡萝卜原生质体出现核内染色质固缩,形成凋亡小体等典型的细胞凋亡的形态学特征。用中性法彗星电泳观测到彗星状的核ＤＮＡ片段的迁移。ＤＮＡ电泳分析观察到细胞凋亡时产生的典型的核小体间ＤＮＡ断裂所形成的梯状条带。结果表明,乙烯能诱导悬浮培养的胡萝卜原生质体凋亡     

氧化诱导K_(562)细胞凋亡机制的初步探讨

以过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）诱导人慢性髓细胞白血病（Ｋ５６２）细胞为凋亡模型,采用流式细胞仪（ｆｌｏｗｃｙｔｏｍｅｔｒｙ,ＦＣＭ）和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜（ｌａｓｅｒｃｏｎｆｏｃａｌｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ,ＬＣＳＭ）研究细胞凋亡,形态观察出现核固缩,核碎裂及凋亡小体等典型凋亡特征．ＤＮＡ电泳图谱出现“Ｌａｄｄｅｒ”．ＦＣＭ检测在Ｇ０／Ｇ１峰前出现一低ＤＮＡ含量的凋亡峰．ＬＣＳＭ显示凋亡细胞ｃ－Ｆｏｓ．ｃ－Ｊｕｎ和ＮＦκＢ表达量均有不同程度的增加．该结果提示上述三种转录因子可能参与氧化诱导凋亡过程中基因的调控作用．     

能诱导MGC-803细胞凋亡的新免疫毒IgY-ricinA(英文)

研究证明：许多化学药物的治疗都是以诱导细胞凋亡的方式杀伤癌细胞的。有关细胞凋亡的研究已成为肿瘤生物学研究中的一个新焦点。ＩｇＹｒｉｃｉｎＡ为本实验室新研制的一种免疫毒。与其它种类的免疫毒一样,它能够特异性地杀伤靶细胞。推测：免疫毒ＩｇＹｒｉｃｉｎＡ也是以诱导细胞凋亡的方式杀死癌细胞的。我们已经研究了免疫毒对靶细胞的杀伤能力和效果,本文则着重对细胞的杀伤机理进行探讨。本实验以胃癌细胞ＭＧＣ８０３为靶细胞,ＨｅＬａ细胞为非特异识别细胞,二倍体２ＢＳ细胞为正常对照细胞,进行ＩｇＹｒｉｃｉｎＡ处理,观察其诱导细胞凋亡的可能性。同时进行ＩｇＹ和ｒｉｃｉｎ处理,以期探明引起细胞凋亡的有效成分。ＯｌｙｍｐｕｓＢＸ荧光显微镜下观察到（Ｆｉｇ２,５＆６）：在细胞培养液中加入ＩｇＹｒｉｃｉｎＡ后,ＭＧＣ８０３细胞表现出典型的凋亡形态变化,即染色质浓缩、细胞皱缩并放出凋亡小体。细胞凋亡时ＤＮＡ被降解成寡核体长度的片段,在琼脂凝胶电泳上形成ＤＮＡ梯带,成为药物处理后确定细胞凋亡过程中细胞降解的一种生化指标。Ｆｉｇ３表明,用ＩｇＹｒｉｃｉｎＡ处理ＭＧＣ８０３细胞２４小时、用ｒｉｃｉｎ处理ＭＧＣ８０３和ＨｅＬａ     

UV-C照射诱导体外血管平滑肌细胞凋亡模型的建立

应用常规细胞培养超净台紫外消毒灯（２２０Ｗ,２２０Ｖ,５０Ｈｚ）发射的ＵＶ－Ｃ波段的紫外光源（２５４ｎｍ）,垂直照射距离其１０ｃｍ处的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞,发现经照射后细胞出现典型的凋亡形态学改变,如细胞变圆,染色质浓缩,细胞膜出泡,出现凋亡小体等;细胞面积,核面积及核／胞面积比均显著降低;且提取细胞ＤＮＡ的琼脂糖凝胶电泳呈现梯状图谱。从形态学和生化指标方面证明了ＵＶ－Ｃ照射可诱导体外血管ＳＭＣｓ     

毛细血管扩张性共济失调突变蛋白在细胞凋亡过程中被Caspase┐3降解

新近的研究揭示：ｃａｓｐａｓｅ蛋白酶在细胞凋亡中起着死亡执行者的重要功能．一些蛋白相继被证明在细胞凋亡中可被ｃａｓｐａｓｅ特异切割,其中参与ＤＮＡ损伤修复过程的聚ＡＤＰ核糖聚合酶（ＰＡＲＰ）以及ＤＮＡ依赖的蛋白激酶（ＤＮＡ－ＰＫ）,在细胞凋亡过程中被ｃａｓｐａｓｅ选择性切割具有特殊的功能意义．为探索与ＤＮＡ－ＰＫ催化亚基有较高同源性,含有ｃａｓｐａｓｅ切割位点,且功能上目前也被认为是感受ＤＮＡ损伤和参与信号传导途径的ＡＴＭ（Ａｔａｘｉａｔｅｌａｎｇ－ｉｅｃｔａｓｉａｍｕｔａｔｅｄ）蛋白,是否在凋亡过程中也可被切割而降解？应用体外转录与翻译系统获得ＡＴＭ蛋白的ＰＩ３Ｋ结构域,同时通过建立无细胞反应体系获得含ｃａｓｐａｓｅ活性的细胞抽提液,将两者在体外共同保温．结果发现：ＡＴＭ蛋白与ｃａｓｐａｓｅ－３能免疫共沉淀,ＡＴＭ蛋白的ＰＩ３Ｋ结构域可被ｃａｓｐａｓｅ－３特异切割,并观察到辐射诱发细胞调亡中ＡＴＭ蛋白的降解．从而进一步证实了ＤＮＡ损伤修复的抑制,促进细胞凋亡的发生．     

异戊烯基转移酶基因在转基因烟草中的特异性表达

来自农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍ ｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）的细胞分裂素生物合成基因——异戊烯基转移酶基因（ｉｐｔ）与矮牵牛（Ｐｅｔｕｎｉａ ｈｙｂｒｉｄａ Ｖｉｌｍ ．）中的磷酸核酮糖羧化酶小亚基启动子（ＳＳＵ）融合后转入烟草（Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍ Ｌ．）。在转基因烟草中研究了这种嵌合基因的特异性表达,并且测定了内源细胞分裂素水平的变化。结果表明,矮牵牛的ＳＳＵ 启动子能够特异性地控制ｉｐｔ基因在烟草中的表达     

低温胁迫诱导玉米根尖细胞凋亡的形态和生化证据

近来体外培养细胞体系研究的结果表明,一定条件的低温胁迫可导致植物细胞凋亡。本文利用ＤＮＡ梯状图谱（ＤＮＡｌａｄｄｅｒｉｎｇ）以及染色体涂片的ＴＵＮＥＬ（ｔｅｒｍｉｎｄａｌ ｄｅｏｘｙｎｕｃｌｅｏｔｉｄｙｌ ｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｓｅ－ｍｅｄｉａｔｅｄ ｄＵＴＰｎｉｃｋ ｅｎｄ－ｌａｂｅｌｉｎｇ）原位检测,从原位以及生化水平和对低温胁迫下的玉米根尖细胞死亡作了研究,形态和生化方面的语气表明,同体外一样,     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.