一种新的RFID混合防碰撞算法

针对射频识别（RFID）系统随机性防碰撞算法中标签识别效率低的问题,提出了一种新的RFID混合防碰撞算法。新算法采用帧时隙ALOHA（FSA）机制,根据碰撞时隙数直接估计出总的未识读标签数目,经多次动态调整帧长,获得最优帧长,然后使读写器按照最优帧长分配时隙以供标签响应,在碰撞时隙内调用自适应搜索矩阵（ASM）算法对响应标签进行识别。理论研究和仿真表明,新算法有效实用,可有效提高系统性能,使时隙吞吐量达到40%以上。     

基于汉明重分组的动态帧时隙ALOHA 防碰撞算法

针对射频识别(RFID)系统中标签较多时动态帧时隙 ALOHA 算法识别效率快速下降的问题,在动态帧时隙 ALOHA 算法的基础上,利用标签 ID 前 M位的汉明重量对阅读器范围内标签进行分组,提出了一种基于汉明重分组的动态帧时隙 ALOHA 算法(LGDFSA),并利用 MATLAB 对它进行了仿真模拟。仿真结果表明,LGDF-SA 算法与动态帧时隙 ALOHA 算法相比,当标签数较多时,系统吞吐量提高,并趋于稳定,总操作数有所减少,系统总体效率提高。     

基于分组动态帧时隙的RFID防碰撞算法

为了解决射频识别(RFID)系统中的多标签防碰撞问题,在分析帧时隙ALOHA算法的基础上,提出一种基于分组动态帧时隙的RFID防碰撞算法。当标签数量庞大时,该算法可以通过分组限制响应标签数量达到较高的识别效率。仿真结果表明,当标签数为1 000时,与传统算法相比,该算法能使时隙利用率提高80%以上。     

基于动态因子均值的动态帧时隙ALOHA算法研究

动态帧时隙ALOHA算法是基于概率型的ALOHA算法的改进算法。在一定范围内,该算法识别标签时,帧时隙数能够随着标签数量的增加而动态增加;但当识别大量标签时,由于读写器硬件的限制,资源利用率和系统吞吐量大大降低。针对此问题,提出了一种基于动态因子均值估计算法的动态帧时隙ALOHA算法。首先,使用动态因子均值标签估计法对标签数量进行准确估计;然后,使用所提出的动态帧时隙ALOHA改进算法对准确估计的标签进行分组,并按照分组依次进行识别;最后,分别对动态因子均值标签估计算法和应用该标签估计算法的动态帧时隙ALOHA算法进行仿真。仿真结果表明,所提标签估计算法能够对标签进行准确的估计,使估计误差保持在5%的范围内。基于动态因子均值标签估计算法的动态帧时隙ALOHA算法能够保证30%以上的高系统利用率,而且整个识别过程所需的帧时隙数比动态帧时隙ALOHA算法下降了45%左右。     

基于自适应分组的帧时隙ALOHA算法在RFID中的研究

RFID利用无线射频技术来自动识别标签物品,它能快速、实时、准确地采集和处理信息。防碰撞技术是RFID系统的一项关键技术。现有的防碰撞算法可分为两类：基于ALOHA的防碰撞算法和基于二叉树的防碰撞算法。基于ALO-HA的防碰撞算法存在标签饥饿的问题;基于二进制树的防碰撞算法其算法性能受标签识别码长度的影响。文中提出了一种基于白适应分组的帧时隙ALOHA算法——AsFsA。仿真结果表明,当标签数目非常大时,该算法的防碰撞性能依然优于现有的帧时隙ALOHA算法。     

基于标签识别码分组的防碰撞算法研究

标签防碰撞技术是射频识别系统中提高系统识别性能的关键技术。通过分析实际应用中标签识别码分段表示不同信息的现象,提出一种新的防碰撞算法。该算法首先按照标签识别码中的公司、物品编码及物品序列号的最高位利用查询树算法对所有标签进行分组,每分完一组,则通过动态帧时隙ALOHA算法识别该组标签并将识别的标签个数作为下一帧的初始时隙数。通过MATLAB仿真对比,结果表明当标签种类不超过32种,数量在500以上时,所提方法在总识别时间基本不变的情况下,标签碰撞次数方面优于查询树算法和动态帧时隙ALOHA算法。     

一种改进的RFID动态帧时隙ALOHA算法

射频识别(RFID)系统中,存在多个电子标签同时响应读写器的可能性,这将使得电子标签产生碰撞现象。在对帧时隙ALOHA算法分析的基础上,提出了一种改进的RFID动态帧时隙ALOHA算法。该算法通过对读写器范围内的标签数进行估计,设置最佳帧长度,使RFID系统获得最大吞吐量,从而提高标签的识别效率。仿真结果表明:与传统ALOHA算法相比,性能有明显改善。     

一种改进的ALOHA防碰撞算法

针对现有动态帧时隙ALOHA防碰撞算法在射频识别系统中的标签识别效率最高只能达36.8%的问题,利用标签码元序列的唯一性,改进经典的动态帧时隙ALOHA防碰撞算法中随机选择时隙的方式,提出一种基于标签码元的碰撞序列进行时隙选择的方法,有效降低了标签碰撞的概率,从而提高系统识别效率。仿真结果表明改进的ALOHA标签防碰撞算法识别效率最低为37.5%,随着实际标签数目与碰撞位序列所能确定的标签数目越接近,识别效率越高,最高能达到100%,明显优于现有的动态帧时隙ALOHA算法。     

基于分组的动态时隙ALOHA算法

详细介绍了基本ALOHA算法、时隙ALOHA算法、帧时隙ALOHA算法和动态帧时隙ALOHA算法基本原理和系统效能, 分析了上述4种算法各自特点. 提出了基于分组的动态帧时隙ALOHA算法, 该算法根据标签数量对标签进行分组, 并动态匹配最佳帧长. 仿真结果表明, 改进后算法系统具有吞吐率高、不受标签数量限制、节约帧时隙等优势.     

分组部分时隙帧预测的RFID防碰撞算法

针对最大帧长度受限情况下射频识别中的标签碰撞问题,提出分组部分时隙帧预测ALOHA算法。通过分组操作,限定每次待识别标签数在最大帧长的有效识别范围内。采用部分时隙帧预测,若部分时隙的碰撞或空闲比例超过门限值,则立即调整帧长,从而减少使用的时隙数。实验结果表明,该算法能有效降低使用的时隙数,提高系统识别效率,在标签大量动态变化的情况下,平均识别率可达35.58%,具有良好的适用性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.