微位移系统中压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞建模

针对超精密微位移系统中压电陶瓷驱动器的迟滞非线性问题,提出了一种基于遗传反向传播(BP)神经网络的压电陶瓷迟滞非线性建模方法.通过电涡流位移传感器获取压电陶瓷驱动器不同电压值下所对应的位移值;利用六次多项式拟合获得迟滞的数学模型,从而建立基于遗传BP神经网络的迟滞,模型.实验结果显示:该迟滞模型在神经网络测试下的最大误差为0.082 1 μm,平均绝对误差为0.0158 μm.表明,所建的迟滞模型能够较精确地反映出压电陶瓷驱动器的迟滞特性,同时为微位移控制系统设计提供了一定的理论基础.     

压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞建模方法研究

压电陶瓷驱动器是原子力显微镜(AFM)的关键组件。AFM在生物、材料及半导体等领域应用广泛,而利用AFM获得高精确的测试结果依然面临诸多挑战。其中,压电陶瓷驱动器具有迟滞、非线性等特点,在大范围高频工作状态下,对定位精度的影响更显著,这严重限制了AFM的进一步应用。本文围绕大范围压电陶瓷驱动器的迟滞性展开研究,设计一种基于改进型多项式拟合算法的迟滞建模方法,使得拟合模型可随输入信号频率的变化而变化,充分提高压电陶瓷迟滞模型的准确性。实验表明,该方法可为压电陶瓷驱动器建立准确的迟滞模型,建模过程简单,通过设计基于该迟滞逆模型的前馈控制算法,可使驱动范围在100μm的压电陶瓷驱动器的线性度提高至1.5%。     

循环神经网络前馈补偿的压电驱动器跟踪控制

压电驱动器固有的迟滞特性,以及其他动态特性严重地影响其跟踪性能。循环神经网络能够准确拟合非线性系统,并且具有记忆存储能力,本文设计了一种循环神经网络对压电驱动器的迟滞特性进行建模,进而得到能够准确模拟输出位移和输入电压之间关系的逆模型,并据此对压电驱动器进行前馈补偿。此外,考虑到建模误差以及其他扰动对驱动器跟踪精度的影响,本文设计了一种单神经元自适应比例-积分-微分控制器,对压电驱动器进行跟踪控制,从而实现对期望信号的准确跟踪。实验结果验证了所建立模型的精度以及控制器的跟踪性能。     

AFM压电陶瓷驱动器类Hammerstein建模与参数辨识

AFM( Atomic Force Microscope,原子力显微镜)中的压电陶瓷驱动器具有率相关迟滞非线性特性,这会影响AFM的扫描和定位精度。针对传统静态迟滞模型不能反映系统率相关动态迟滞特性的缺陷,提出Hammerstein模型以描述压电陶瓷驱动器的静态和动态迟滞特性。利用最小二乘支持向量机结合奇异值分解法对模型中的参数进行辨识。实验结果表明,模型能体现压电陶瓷驱动器的率相关迟滞特性,精度高于传统静态迟滞模型,建模方法对此类系统具有较好的应用价值。     

压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞非线性误差的建模与分析

压电陶瓷驱动器的最大迟滞非线性误差可以超过输出行程的15%,而快刀伺服系统(FTS)要求重复定位精度优于10 nm,相对线性度误差优于0.5%,压电陶瓷驱动器的误差无法满足该精度要求;首先对压电陶瓷迟滞非线性误差进行实验分析,将迟滞非线性误差分为频率无关迟滞现象和频率相关迟滞现象;接着对Bouc-Wen(BW)和Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)的频率无关迟滞模型进行修正和对比,确定了采用PI模型描述本文的频率无关迟滞现象,PI模型对频率无关迟滞曲线的辨识精度为0.392%;然后设计基于Hammerstein模型的频率相关迟滞模型,Hammerstein模型对频率相关迟滞曲线的辨识误差相比PI模型时,其均方根值降低了88.068%;提出了压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞非线性误差的建模方法,并分析了其有效性和准确性,给FTS伺服控制提供了一种实用的前馈控制器。     

基于自适应PI模型的压电陶瓷驱动器精密定位方法

由于具备较高的定位精确度,压电陶瓷驱动器在超精密加工、微纳米测试等领域应用广泛,然而压电陶瓷固有的迟滞性严重影响其定位精确度。本文研究驱动范围对压电陶瓷驱动器迟滞性的影响,实验得出迟滞性随驱动范围增大而显著。而在压电陶瓷驱动器的实际应用中,驱动范围是其主要的设置参数之一。为此,本论文提出基于自适应Prandtle-Ishlinskii（PI）模型的拟合方法,根据不同驱动范围下获得的迟滞曲线的斜率变化趋势设置分段区间,采用二次规划算法辨识PI模型的权重参数,基于分段区间对迟滞曲线进行拟合,大大提高了拟合精确度。设计基于自适应PI模型的逆模型作为前馈控制器对压电陶瓷驱动器进行迟滞补偿,并搭建基于Labview的实验平台验证了该算法的可行性。实验结果表明,基于自适应PI逆模型的前馈控制器将压电陶瓷驱动器的定位精确度提高至1.8nm。     

压电陶瓷迟滞神经网络建模与线性补偿控制

针对压电陶瓷的迟滞非线性,本文首先进行实验测量得到压电陶瓷的位移迟滞数据;通过分析实验数据,引入线性方程实现压电陶瓷输入电压与输出位移关系的线性化,并建立了基于多项式拟合算法的神经网络迟滞模型;根据迟滞模型设计前馈控制器,分别采用了前馈开环和前馈结合PID的方法对压电陶瓷迟滞非线性进行补偿控制实验.实验结果表明,采用前馈开环控制,压电陶瓷位移主环迟滞减小了91.84%,位移次环迟滞减小了85.67%,位移跟踪的平均相对误差为2.97%;采用前馈结合PID控制,压电陶瓷位移主环迟滞减小了96.42%,位移次环迟滞减小了88.44%,位移跟踪的平均相对误差为2.04%.证明了该控制方法能有效地抑制压电陶瓷的迟滞非线性.     

基于改进CQPSO算法的压电陶瓷建模研究

压电精密定位技术在高精度定位与控制领域起着关键作用。针对压电陶瓷迟滞非线性特性进行建模与分析是当前研究的一大热点。传统智能算法对迟滞模型的辨识易陷入局部最优,因此,提出一种改进混沌量子粒子群算法(Improved chaotic quantum particle swarm optimiztaion, ICQPSO)。以量子粒子群算法(QPSO)结合基于早熟系数的混沌映射跳出局部收敛。引入变尺度法缩小可行解空间提升收敛效率和精度,采用Bouc-Wen微分方程模型对多频输入动态迟滞现象进行建模。经实验验证,该算法对Bouc-Wen模型的辨识精度明显高于GA、MFA算法。     

动态迟滞Hammerstein系统的改进卡尔曼状态估计

迟滞特性具有非光滑、多值映射等复杂特性.而在实际的工程中,当输入电压变化频率超过一定的范围时,迟滞的特性是随着输入频率的改变发生变化,使得整个系统的状态估计工作更复杂.本文首先提出一种新的描述动态迟滞的方法,进而描述了动态迟滞Hammerstein系统的状态空间方程,根据此系统在传统卡尔曼滤波器的基础上进行改进得到一种新的非光滑卡尔曼滤波器.最后通过仿真和实验,比较了在输入信号变化频率比较大时,用动态迟滞Hammerstein系统来描述压电陶瓷和采用静态迟滞Hammerstein系统来描述压电陶瓷的特性,非光滑卡尔曼滤波器对这两种含有噪声的模型进行滤波,结果表明由于静态迟滞Hammerstein系统的建模不能很好的描述压电陶瓷的特性,模型存在着误差,因此对系统状态估计的结果也没有用动态Hammerstein系统的误差小,从而说明当输入电压频率变化比较大时研究动态的迟滞Hammerstein模型是很有意义的.     

基于RBF神经网络的压电位移台迟滞非线性建模研究

针对压电陶瓷微位移台固有的率相关迟滞非线性特性,以基于play算子的改进PPI模型构建迟滞算子,结合径向基(Radial Basis Function,RBF)神经网络模型,建立描述压电陶瓷微位移台迟滞特性的率相关模型.研究结果表明,在输入信号频率在10 Hz～90 Hz范围内时,模型输出的最大位移误差为0.399 0 μm～0.932 1 μm,均方根误差为0.259 4 μm～0.565 2 μm,相对误差为0.95％～2.48％.验证了基于PI迟滞算子和RBF神经网络的仿真模型能够准确有效的描述压电微位移台的率相关动态迟滞特性,具有较高的频率泛化能力.该方法易于实现,工程适用性强,具有较好的实用价值.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.