基于视觉效应的自适应图像隐写算法

空间域中,本文根据光混合颜色立方体,通过计算欧式空间中的特征向量,提出了衡量主观不敏感区域的特征参数"色度"、"色偏差",根据设定的参数阈值筛选隐写视觉效果好的像素位置.算法通过分析原始像素值与待隐写数据的数字特征,自适应地将信息写到特征相近的像素点中,并记录下隐写位置表.通过理解隐写位置表,算法在不需要原始图像的情况下完成信息提取.同时,算法还提出了数据隐写协议,有效地避免了图像遭破坏后导致的信息误传.仿真结果表明,该隐写算法视觉效果好,利用空间域最常用的隐写分析算法分析法和RS分析法对图像进行隐写分析也无法准确判断图像是否含有隐写信息.     

一种基于同质映射的视频图像中文本检测方法

提出了一种基于同质映射域的纹理特征的文本检测方法,并通过实验验证了该方法的性能.该方法与传统的文本检测方法的不同之处在于,首先将图像映射到同质性空间域中,在此空间域中计算纹理特征,然后通过支持向量机(SVM)分类器确定文本区域.与直接在图像空间域中提取纹理特征的方法相比,该方法对复杂背景下的文本检测更为有效,能有效地解决场景纹理特征与文本区域相近似造成的文本检测错误.     

基于混沌理论和支持向量机的人脸识别方法

针对如何选定主成分分析(PCA)特征维数和如何选定支持向量机(SVM)的参数来进一步提高人脸识别系统性能的问题,提出了一种基于混沌理论和支持向量机的人脸识别方法.首先,在统一的目标函数下,在采用PCA方法对人脸图像进行降维和将得到的特征送入SVM中进行训练期间,使用具有可操作性的改进混沌优化算法同时对PCA图像特征维数和分类器参数进行优化选择,然后用得到的优化人脸特征和最佳参数的分类器对未知图像进行识别.基于该方法,对ORL和Yale人脸库进行实验,其识别率都高达99%以上,仿真结果表明,该方法极大地提高了人脸识别能力.     

基于粒子群优化极限学习机及电容层析成像的两相流流型及其参数预测

提出了一种基于粒子群优化极限学习机及电容层析成像的两相流流型辨识及其参数预测方法。首先,通过粒子群优化极限学习机的连接权值,并使用粒子群优化极限学习机算法对4种典型的油-气两相流流型进行辨识;其次,使用粒子群优化极限学习机算法对流型的参数进行预测;最后进行了仿真实验,结果表明,与极限学习机算法相比,粒子群优化极限学习机算法所需隐层节点数更少,流型辨识率更高,其正确辨识率达100%,对4种流型参数预测的最大相对误差为5.24%。     

一种黄金分割优化的极限学习机算法

针对极限学习机(ELM)存在大量隐层神经元个数和随机给定权值导致算法性能不稳定等问题,将黄金分割法(Golden Section)与ELM相结合提出了基于黄金分割优化的极限学习机算法(GS-ELM).首先通过黄金分割法对ELM隐含层节点数进行优化,接着再用该方法对ELM输入层权值和隐含层偏差进行优化.实验结果表明,相比较传统的BP神经网络,支持向量机和极限学习机,GS-ELM算法能获得较高的分类精度.     

基于特征选择和GWO-KELM的鸟声识别算法

针对鸟声识别算法中提取特征单一、分类准确率低等问题,提出一种基于混合特征选择和灰狼算法优化核极限学习机的鸟声识别方法。首先从鸟声数据中提取大规模声学特征集ComParE,其次计算每个特征的F_score并进行排序,然后以广义顺序向前浮动搜索(Generalized Sequential Forward Floating Search, GSFFS)为搜索策略,特征子集在核极限学习机(Kernel Limit Learning Machine, KELM)上十折交叉验证的正确率,作为特征选择标准进行特征选择,得到适用于鸟声识别的特征子集,最后通过灰狼算法(Grey Wolf Optimizer, GWO)选择最优KELM参数识别鸟声。在柏林自然科学博物馆鸟声数据库中进行实验,该方法在60类鸟声识别平均正确率和F1-score达到94.45%和92.29%。结果表明,该方法相较于传统自行设计提取的单一特征集具有更高的识别精度,GWO-KELM模型比网格搜索方式更易找到全局最优值。     

基于多域特征提取的气液两相流流型识别

针对气液两相流的准确识别问题提出了一种多域特征处理方案。利用电阻层析成像(ERT)系统获取垂直上升管道流动数据，从测量数据与截面电导率分布图像两方面分析，对高维测量数据降维处理后提取时域特征，同时提取线性反投影(LBP)算法重建图像空域特征，进一步对图像进行Walsh-Hadamard变换后提取列率域特征。使用统一流形逼近与投影(UMAP)算法对量化的多域特征降维处理，最后搭建支持向量机(SVM)实现流型识别。结果表明，该流型分类框架对泡状流、泡状-段塞过渡流型、段塞流及严重段塞流的分类准确率分别为98.1%、96.3%、95.2%、94.8%。     

一种粒子群RELM的基因表达数据分类方法

正则极限学习机(regularized extreme learning machine,RELM)具有比极限学习机(extreme learning machine,ELM)更好的泛化能力.然而RELM的输入层权值、隐含层偏差是随机给定的,会影响RELM的稳定性.另外,RELM为了获得较理想的分类精度,仍需设置较多的隐层节点.针对此问题,通过分析粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)的原理,把RELM初始产生的输入层权值、隐含层偏差作为粒子带入PSO进行寻优.通过在Breast和Brain数据集上进行多次10折交叉验证表明,粒子群改进正则极限学习机(PSO-RELM)可以在隐层节点设置较少时获得比BP神经网络(back propagation,BP)、支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)、RELM更好的分类精度和更佳的稳定性.     

排列熵与核极限学习机在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

针对齿轮故障难提取和极限学习机(extreme learning machine,ELM)隐层节点数需要人为设定,致使齿轮故障分类模型准确度低、稳定性差的问题,提出基于核极限学习机(kernel extreme learning machine,K-ELM)的齿轮故障诊断方法。首先,将测得信号经经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)处理后得到一系列IMF本征模式分量,并提取各分量的排列熵(permutation entropy,PE)值组成高维特征向量集;然后利用高斯核函数的内积表达ELM输出函数,从而自适应确定隐层节点数;最后,将所得高维特征向量集作为K-ELM算法的输入建立核函数极限学习机齿轮故障分类模型,进行齿轮不同故障状态的分类辨识。实验结果表明:与SVM、ELM故障分类模型相比,核函数ELM滚动齿轮故障诊断分类模型具有更高的准确度和稳定性。     

基于ASL-Isomap流形学习的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障特征集维数高及冗余问题,提出一种基于自适应自组织增量学习神经网络界标点的等度规映射(Adaptive self-organizing incremental neural network landmark Isomap,ASL-Isomap)流形学习的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,从时域、频域、时频域以及复杂域提取振动信号的故障特征,构建高维混合域故障特征集;其次,采用ASL-Isomap方法对高维混合域故障特征集进行维数约简,提取出低维、敏感特征子集;最后,应用核极限学习机(Kernel extreme learning machine,KELM)分类器对低维特征进行故障识别。ASL-Isomap方法集成自适应邻域构建和SOINN界标点选取的优势,能够更有效挖掘数据的低维本质流形。圆柱滚子轴承故障诊断实验验证该故障诊断方法的有效性和优越性。     

一种基于小波变换的遥感图像压缩算法

为验证图像压缩算法122.0-B-0对遥感图像的有效性,在对该算法进行了较为详细的研究后,对该算法进行了软件实现,然后将该算法与JPEG2000、SPIHT算法在压缩效率及压缩速度上进行了比较.实验结果表明:该算法在较低码率下压缩性能与JPEG2000、SPIHT算法相当,在较高码率下压缩性能略微下降,但在相同码率下它的编码速度比JPEG2000快2倍左右,比SPIHT算法约快1.5倍左右,且编解码速度与码率成正比.该算法采用的编码方式相对简单,无反馈操作,可适应于不同内存大小的压缩系统,并采用分段编码有效地防止误码扩散,因此在空间飞行器上具有巨大的应用价值.     

Color Image Steganalysis Based on Residuals of Channel Differences

This study proposes a color image steganalysis algorithm that extracts high-dimensional rich model features from the residuals of channel differences. First, the advantages of features extracted from channel differences are analyzed, and it shown that features extracted in this manner should be able to detect color stego images more effectively. A steganalysis feature extraction method based on channel differences is then proposed, and used to improve two types of typical color image steganalysis features. The improved features are combined with existing color image steganalysis features, and the ensemble classifiers are trained to detect color stego images. The experimental results indicate that, for WOW and S-UNIWARD steganography, the improved features clearly decreased the average test errors of the existing features, and the average test errors of the proposed algorithm is smaller than those of the existing color image steganalysis algorithms. Specifically, when the payload is smaller than 0.2 bpc, the average test error decreases achieve 4% and 3%.     

Anti-JPEG Compression Steganography Based on the High Tense Region Locating Method

Robust data hiding techniques attempt to construct covert communication in a lossy public channel. Nowadays, the existing robust JPEG steganographic algorithms cannot overcome the side-information missing situation. Thus, this paper proposes a new robust JPEG steganographic algorithm based on the high tense region location method which needs no side-information of lossy channel. First, a tense region locating method is proposed based on the Harris-Laplacian feature point. Then, robust cover object generating processes are described. Last, the advanced embedding cost function is proposed. A series of experiments are conducted on various JPEG image sets and the results show that the proposed steganographic algorithm can resist JPEG compression efficiently with acceptable performance against steganalysis statistical detection libraries GFR (Gabor Filters Rich model) and DCTR (Discrete Cosine Transform Residual).     

一种基于改进量化表的 JPEG 图像压缩算法

目的结合人眼视觉特性,研究一种基于改进量化表的JPEG图像压缩算法(JPEG-HVS)。方法利用人眼亮度对比度敏感函数(CSF)生成一种新的量化表,来代替传统JPEG标准推荐的亮度量化表,并通过Matlab7.0对不同种类图像进行了仿真实验。通过计算不同种类图像的压缩质量评价指标,将提出的压缩算法与传统JPEG压缩算法及JPEG区域法进行对比。结果 JPEG-HVS实现的压缩比比JPEG实现的压缩比平均高出53.56%,比JPEG区域法平均高出18.75%。3种压缩方法的峰值信噪比(PSNR)波动不大,JPEG的PSNR值最大,JPEG-HVS次之,平均结构相似度(MSSIM)从大到小排列依次为JPEGJPEG-HVSJPEG区域法。JPEG-HVS编解码所需时间要明显少于JPEG。同时依靠主观评价可以发现,经JPEG-HVS解压的重构图像仍具有良好的视觉特性。结论在保证了压缩质量的同时,提出的JPEG-HVS压缩算法相比于传统JPEG压缩算法、JPEG区域法,可以实现更大的压缩比和更快的编解码速度,更有利于图像的存储与传输。     

KAEA: A Novel Three-Stage Ensemble Model for Software Defect Prediction

Software defect prediction is a research hotspot in the field of software engineering. However, due to the limitations of current machine learning algorithms, we can’t achieve good effect for defect prediction by only using machine learning algorithms. In previous studies, some researchers used extreme learning machine (ELM) to conduct defect prediction. However, the initial weights and biases of the ELM are determined randomly, which reduces the prediction performance of ELM. Motivated by the idea of search based software engineering, we propose a novel software defect prediction model named KAEA based on kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), adaptive genetic algorithm, extreme learning machine and Adaboost algorithm, which has three main advantages: (1) KPCA can extract optimal representative features by leveraging a nonlinear mapping function; (2) We leverage adaptive genetic algorithm to optimize the initial weights and biases of ELM, so as to improve the generalization ability and prediction capacity of ELM; (3) We use the Adaboost algorithm to integrate multiple ELM basic predictors optimized by adaptive genetic algorithm into a strong predictor, which can further improve the effect of defect prediction. To effectively evaluate the performance of KAEA, we use eleven datasets from large open source projects, and compare the KAEA with four machine learning basic classifiers, ELM and its three variants. The experimental results show that KAEA is superior to these baseline models in most cases.     

HVS的DWT域半脆弱水印算法

提出了一种用于图像内容认证的半脆弱水印嵌入和提取算法,该算法结合了一种新的人类视觉模型和图像DWT小波分解,提取水印信息时不需要原始载体图像.仿真实验表明,该算法不仅具有较好的透明性,能够抵抗一定的JPEG压缩,而且对恶意篡改有较好的脆弱性.     

MI-STEG: A Medical Image Steganalysis Framework Based on Ensemble Deep Learning

Medical image steganography aims to increase data security by concealing patient-personal information as well as diagnostic and therapeutic data in the spatial or frequency domain of radiological images. On the other hand, the discipline of image steganalysis generally provides a classification based on whether an image has hidden data or not. Inspired by previous studies on image steganalysis, this study proposes a deep ensemble learning model for medical image steganalysis to detect malicious hidden data in medical images and develop medical image steganography methods aimed at securing personal information. With this purpose in mind, a dataset containing brain Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of healthy individuals and epileptic patients was built. Spatial Version of the Universal Wavelet Relative Distortion (S-UNIWARD), Highly Undetectable Stego (HUGO), and Minimizing the Power of Optimal Detector (MIPOD) techniques used in spatial image steganalysis were adapted to the problem, and various payloads of confidential data were hidden in medical images. The architectures of medical image steganalysis networks were transferred separately from eleven Dense Convolutional Network (DenseNet), Residual Neural Network (ResNet), and Inception-based models. The steganalysis outputs of these networks were determined by assembling models separately for each spatial embedding method with different payload ratios. The study demonstrated the success of pre-trained ResNet, DenseNet, and Inception models in the cover-stego mismatch scenario for each hiding technique with different payloads. Due to the high detection accuracy achieved, the proposed model has the potential to lead to the development of novel medical image steganography algorithms that existing deep learning-based steganalysis methods cannot detect. The experiments and the evaluations clearly proved this attempt.     

A Novel Universal Steganalysis Algorithm Based on the IQM and the SRM

The state-of-the-art universal steganalysis method, spatial rich model (SRM), and the steganalysis method using image quality metrics (IQM) are both based on image residuals, while they use 34671 and 10 features respectively. This paper proposes a novel steganalysis scheme that combines their advantages in two ways. First, filters used in the IQM are designed according to the models of the SRM owning to their strong abilities for detecting the content adaptive steganographic methods. In addition, a total variant (TV) filter is also used due to its good performance of preserving image edge properties during filtering. Second, due to each type of these filters having own advantages, the multiple filters are used simultaneously and the features extracted from their outputs are combined together. The whole steganalysis procedure is removing steganographic noise using those filters, then measuring the distances between images and their filtered version with the image quality metrics, and last feeding these metrics as features to build a steganalyzer using either an ensemble classifier or a support vector machine. The scheme can work in two modes, the single filter mode using 9 features, and the multi-filter mode using 639 features. We compared the performance of the proposed method, the SRM and the maxSRMd2. The maxSRMd2 is the improved version of the SRM. The simulated results show that the proposed method that worked in the multi-filter mode was about 10% more accurate than the SRM and maxSRMd2 when the data were globally normalized, and had similar performance with the SRM and maxSRMd2 when the data were locally normalized.     

Differential evolution-based feature selection and parameter optimisation for extreme learning machine in tool wear estimation

Cutting tool wear degrades the product quality in manufacturing processes. Hence, real-time online estimation of tool wear is important for suggesting a tool replacement before the wear limit is reached, in order to protect the workpiece and the CNC machine from damage and breakdown. In this study, using both statistical features and wavelet features extracted from sensor signals, an adaptive evolutionary extreme learning machine (ELM) learning paradigm is developed for tool wear estimation in high-speed milling process. In the proposed method, a discrete differential evolution (DE) algorithm is used to select input features for the ELM, and a continuous DE algorithm is used for parameter optimisation of the mixed kernel function for the ELM. The experimental results indicate that the proposed adaptive evolutionary ELM-based tool wear estimation model can effectively estimate the tool wear in high-speed milling process. Empirical comparisons show that the proposed model performs better than existing approaches in estimating the tool wear.