特殊建筑用4045/3004/4045层状铝合金的连铸工艺及性能研究

采用以连续铸造工艺为基础的直接水冷半连续铸造法,通过在新型热顶石墨环结晶器中安装冷却板对4045和3004铝合金进行复合,成功制备出了4045/3004/4045层状铝合金三层铸锭。对该层状铝合金复合材料的宏观、微观形貌,结合界面两侧元素分布以及结合界面抗拉强度进行了研究。结果表明,该铸锭的结合界面平直且没有任何缺陷,界面抗拉强度较高,结合状态良好。     

采用近终形铸造制备高强6xxx铝合金控制臂

采用近终形铸锭配合热锻工艺制备高强6xxx铝合金控制臂。首先设计近终形铝合金锭坯的形状,采用Procast商业软件模拟研究近终形铝合金铸锭的铸造过程。结果表明,近终形铝合金铸锭的收缩行为与铸锭形状相关,经模拟计算优化后,铸造出无缺陷的近终形6xxx铝合金铸锭。为了获得优异的锻件性能,研究了6xxx铝合金的热压缩行为。结果表明,锻件组织中的亚晶百分数与Z参数值相关;中等Z参数（1．09×10^16MS^-1）有利于获得较高的亚晶百分数,从而保证锻件产品具有更优的性能。     

真空铸造法制备Cu/AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1)复层材料

采用铸造方法制备了Cu/AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1)高熵合金复层圆坯,并结合金相显微镜、扫描电镜及力学性能测试等手段,对复层铸锭界面进行了研究。结果表明,所制备的Cu/AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1)复层铸坯界面无气孔、夹杂等缺陷,两种合金之间没有明显界面,其结合属于冶金结合。基于扫描电镜对复层铸锭的界面分析,发现Cu侧和AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1)侧溶质元素间发生了相互扩散,形成厚度约为0.67μm的扩散层。     

电磁搅拌对3003/8090铝合金复层铸锭凝固组织的影响

采用静态铸造工艺制备了3003/8090铝合金复层铸锭,研究了电磁搅拌对3003/8090铝合金复层铸锭界面形貌的影响。采用扫描电镜及电子探针对复层铸锭界面凝固组织及元素分布进行了系统的测试。结果表明,电磁搅拌使8090合金组织明显细化,溶质在晶界处的富集减少,并促使结合界面前沿处柱状晶的生长向逆流方向偏转,但对结合处界面的成分分布几乎没有影响,有/无电磁搅拌的情况下,扩散层厚度均约为90μm,其中过渡固溶体层厚度约为50μm。     

半连续铸造法制备AA4045/AA3003铝合金包覆铸锭的界面组织和性能（英文）

采用直接水冷半连续铸造法制备AA4045/AA3003铝合金包覆铸锭,对合金界面组织、温度分布、成分分布及力学性能进行研究。结果表明,包覆铸锭界面清晰平直,无气孔、夹杂等缺陷,界面处合金元素在596~632℃范围内发生扩散,形成平均厚度的10μm的扩散层。从AA4045铝合金一侧向AA3003铝合金一侧,Si元素含量下降,Mn元素含量上升。包覆铸锭试样的抗拉强度为103.7 MPa,断口位于AA3003合金侧,界面抗剪切强度为91.1 MPa,说明两种合金通过合金元素的互扩散实现了冶金结合。     

包覆率对直接水冷铸造法制备包覆铸锭界面组织和性能的影响（英文）

采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法研究了不同包覆率的AA4045/AA3003铝合金包覆铸锭的制备,并对界面处的温度场和组织性能进行了详细分析。结果表明,采用直接水冷铸造法可得到不同包覆率的铸锭,Si和Mn在界面处发生了互扩散并形成扩散层。随着包覆率的增加,两种合金接触时界面区域由半固态-固态转变为液态-固态,界面处硬度由HV 47增加到HV 55,扩散层厚度由10增加到25μm。界面处硬度高于AA3003合金一侧,低于4045合金一侧,这是由元素扩散引起固溶强化造成。均匀化退火后,在包覆铸锭被反向挤压成复合管材的过程中,界面处保持层状结构不变,包覆率在变形过程中的遗传性得到证实。     

直接水冷半连续铸造制备4045/3004/4045铝合金三层复合锭

采用直接水冷半连续铸造法制备 4045/3004/4045 铝合金三层复合锭坯。考察复合界面附近的温度场分布,并研究复合界面的宏观形貌、微观组织及界面两侧的成分分布。结果表明,在冷却板的作用下,界面附近形成一层具有一定厚度的半固态层,从而保证半连续铸造过程制备复合锭坯的顺利实现。两种合金在界面处较好地冶金结合在一起。界面力学性能测试结果表明,复合界面的抗拉强度和剪切强度分别为 105 和 88 MPa,这进一步证明了复合界面的结合是一种冶金结合。     

挤压复合铸造7075/6061双金属铸锭的界面组织与性能

采用挤压复合铸造工艺制备出具有“半固态组织/枝晶组织”分布特征的7075/6061包覆型双金属复合铸锭,并对复合铸锭界面处的组织及硬度进行了分析。结果表明,界面结合良好,为冶金结合,无杂质和氧化皮存在。界面处组织过渡平缓,7075铝合金固相颗粒呈一定规律性分布;除Zn元素浓度呈明显梯度变化外,其它合金元素分布较均匀。界面大部分由较细小等轴晶组成,且有大量合金元素沉积在晶界处,致使界面处硬度高于两侧金属,硬度最高达63.3 HRB。     

2024/6061铝合金铸造复合行为及其界面组织性能

采用液-液复合铸造法制备2024/6061铝合金铸坯,研究不同浇注间隙时间下双金属复合铸造行为与铸坯组织特点,分析界面组织演变、元素扩散规律和结合性能,揭示双金属铸坯界面的结合机理。结果表明,不同浇注间隙时间下复合铸坯均表现为冶金结合,界面形貌清晰、牢固。界面两侧Mg、Si、Cu元素均存在一定程度扩散,其中Si扩散距离最远。浇注间隙时间为20s时,复合坯料为完全的冶金结合,结合性能介于2024和6061铝合金之间,其硬度(HV)、屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为88.7、193.4 MPa、290.4MPa和20.8%。     

DC鋳造法制备包覆铸锭研究

本文首先建立了一个数学模型,用来模拟包覆铸造过程和工艺参数(包括铸造速度、铸造温度、冷却水量)对包覆铸锭的影响规律。以模拟结果为依据,通过优化工艺参数成功制备了尺寸为φ140/φ110mm的4045/3003包覆铸锭,并通过实验测温对模型进行了验证。采用多种手段对界面的组织性能进行了检测。结果表明,测温结果与模拟结果相互吻合,模型可靠。优化后的包覆铸造工艺参数为：铸造速度100mm/min,冷却水量35L/min,铸造温度1020K(4045),1000K(3003)。包覆铸锭界面处无气孔、夹杂等缺陷,通过元素扩散形成了约15μm的扩散层。界面抗拉强度为107.3MPa,大于3003合金基体强度,说明两种合金实现冶金结合     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.