1993年连云港口岸出国人员HBsAg携带情况调查

本文报道了对1993年连云港口岸各类出国人员2657人进行HBsAg携带情况调查，检出HBsAg阳性182人，占调查人数的6．8％，其中公务人员HBsAg携带率占2．8%；劳务人员占10．2%；船员占4．8％，男性HBsAg携带率占7．O％，女性占3．2％，各年令组HBsAg携带率有显著性差鼻，尤以39岁青年组为高。     

中越边境地区乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原携带率调查

目的为了摸清中越边境地区各年龄人群乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）携带率水平，下一步制定乙肝防治规划提供依据。方法随机调查与越南接壤边境线最长的麻栗坡县边境人群48985人，采血检测HBsAg。结果HBsAg携带率为3．99％，男性（4．48％）高于女性（3．88％），农村（4．53％）高于城镇（2．54％），差异均有非常显著的统计学意义（χ^2=28．92，P〈0．01；χ^2=100．9，P〈0．01）。同时还显示：5岁以上各年龄组人群HBsAg携带率均高于5岁以下儿童。结论加强安全注射管理，积极推进新生儿乙肝疫苗接种是降低人群HBsAg携带率的有效措施。     

福州市人群乙型肝炎病毒血清流行病学研究

目的 了解福州市健康人群乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染及免疫状况，为我市制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法 采用整群分层抽样法调查福州市部分人群600～1000人，用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测血清乙型肝炎病毒生物标志物(两对半)，再应用SPSS、EPIinfo(602)软件进行统计分析。结果 我市人群HBV总感染率为59．2％，城市、农村无差异，女性显著高于男性；人群HBsAg携带率为1152％，城市高于农村，男女无性别差异；1992年以后出生儿童HBsAg仅为2．94％，HBsAb为50．36％：结论 福州市健康人群乙肝感染模式已发生变化，10岁以下人群HBsAg携带率显著低于10岁以上人群，显示控制乙肝除应继续提高儿童乙肝疫苗接种率外，尚须制定成人乙肝免疫策略。     

重庆市永川区2004-2007年从业人员体检乙肝感染情况分析

[目的]了解重庆市永川区2004-2007从业人员体检HBsAg与HBeAg携带情况，为控制乙肝传播提供依据。[方法]用ELISA法检测乙肝相关指标。[结果]共检测41522人，HBsAg阳性率8．1％，HBeAg阳性率1．4％；男性HBsAg阳性率（8．8％）高于女性（7．6％），男性HBeAg阳性率（1．6％）也高于女性（1．2％）。不同年龄组HBsAg、HBeAg阳性率随年龄的增加呈下降趋势。[结论]人群中HBsAg、HBeAg检出率男性均高于女性，青少年和青壮年检出率较高，应有针对性地加强从业人员的预防接种。     

海南农垦区18岁以下人群乙肝疫苗免疫效果调查分析

目的 调查乙肝疫苗接种率与HBsAg携带率的关系及海南垦区乙肝疫苗接种的免疫效果，为制定海南垦区乙肝疫苗免疫策略提供依据。方法 采用回顾性调查的方法调查垦区1－18岁人群乙肝疫苗接种史，用ELISA法检测HBsAg和抗－HBs。结果 调查1－18岁人群6669人，乙肝疫苗接种率为41．2％，HBsAg携带为9．2％。其中全程接种HBsAg携带率为2．4％，未接种（或未全程接种）HBsAg携带率为14．0％。差别有显性；全程接种HBsAg感染保护率为82．9％。抽查843人的抗－HBsAg，阳性率为62．8％，其中全程接种抗－HBs阳性率为85．7％，未接种（或未全程接种）抗－HBs阳性率为36．9％。结论 HBsAg携带率高低与乙肝疫苗接种率高低存在密切的相关关系。海南垦区1－18岁人群乙肝疫苗接种率尚不高，目前仍处于高HBsAg携带率水平。     

新会市262例吸毒者HBsAg携带情况的流行病学调查

本文报道了262名吸毒者HBsAg的携带情况，总阳性率为38．5％(101／262)．其中男性阳性率为39．4％，女性阳性率为36．2％，男女之间无显著性差异；各血型组HBsAg阳性率无显著性差异；不同吸毒方式的HBsAg阳性率有显著性差异；HBsAg阳性率与毒龄有正相关关系．     

1474例健康人群HBV感染状况调查

为了解成都市城区在岗职工中HBV感染状况，笔者对1474例健康者进行了血清HBV流行病学调查。用ELISA法检测血清HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb。结果发现HBV感染率36．91％，男性41．67％，女性33．14％。两性别间呈显著性差异（P＜0．05）。HBsAg携带率6．17％，男性9．46％，女性3．76％，两性虽间呈极显著性差异（P＜0．005）。HBsAb阳性人数占感染人数的81．44％，这与成人自然免疫及接种乙肝疫苗有关。HBV感染及HBsAg携带率男性高于女性，提示可能与性染色体及性激素有关。此外，结果还显示有8种感染模式。     

欧洲、北美国家乙型肝炎预防策略和实施现状

除少数几个国家外，欧洲属乙型肝炎（乙肝）低发区。人群乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）携带率及乙肝发病率呈南高北低、东高西低的流行特征(1,2)。北部的英国、爱尔兰和斯堪地纳维亚半岛诸国，人群HBsAg携带率＜0．1％，急性乙肝年发病率介于1／10万～25／10万（199～1996年）。西欧国家HBsAg携带率为0．1％～2％，急性肝炎发病率与北欧诸国相近。南欧国家HBsAg携带率为1％～2％，乙肝发病率约为6／10万。东欧HBsAg携带率差异较大，保加利亚和罗马尼亚HBsAg≥5％，阿尔巴尼亚、前苏联的摩尔多瓦共和国人群HBsAg携带率均＞10％。为了控制乙…     

济宁市0～40岁部分正常人群HBsAg、抗-HBs检测分析

[目的]了解济宁市0～40岁部分正常人群乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)携带情况和乙型肝炎表面抗体(抗-HBs)水平.[方法]2006年7-12月,随机抽取济宁市0～40岁正常人群1 567名,检测HBsAg和抗-HBs.[结果]HBsAg携带率为2.87%,20～40岁组最高为5.73%,仅与＜2岁组有统计学差异;职业以厂矿企业工人携带率最高为9.18%,显著高于其他职业人群,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).抗-HBs阳性率为60.18%,＜2岁者最高为82.26%.8岁组最低为41.01%,二者之间差异有统计学意义,但HBsAg携带率无统计学差异,有乙肝疫苗免疫史抗-HBs阳性率为62.17%.无免疫史者抗-HBs阳性率为35.66%;抗-HBs干部高于工人,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).[结论]济宁市0～40 部分正常人群HBsAg携带率较低,职业别差异明显;抗-HBs水平年龄别差异明显.     

2004年广州市番禺区人民医院就诊人群HBsAg携带状况调查

[目的]了解广州市番禺区居民HBsAg携带情况,分析不同性别、年龄人群HBsAg携带情况,为番禺区乙型肝炎的防治提供科学依据。[方法]对2004年1～12月来番禺区人民医院就医的人群进行HBsAg携带情况调查,合计调查60667人。[结果]番禺区人群HBsAg携带率为21.91%,高于全国10%及广东省17.85%水平;男性携带率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=295.86,P<0.01);不同年龄组间携带率差异有统计学意义(χ2=521.74,P<0.01)。[结论]番禺区人群HBsAg携带率较高,应加大宣传力度,对易感人群积极开展乙肝疫苗免疫计划,以降低携带率。对HBsAg携带者应定期检测肝功能、两对半,进行保肝护肝治疗,减少乙肝、肝硬化、肝癌发病率,提高人群整体健康水平。     

Aetiology of peptic ulcer: a prospective population study in Norway.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--To analyse simultaneously the effect of several risk factors for peptic ulcer. DESIGN--Cohort study where all patients with new or incident peptic ulcers in a well defined population were registered for a seven year period. The follow up started with a comprehensive health survey including a questionnaire on diet, lifestyle, psychological and social conditions, and health. Relative risks, both sex specific and separate, for gastric and duodenal ulcers were estimated from proportional hazard regression analysis. SETTING--A population based survey conducted in the municipality of Tromsø, northern Norway. PARTICIPANTS--In 1980, a total of 21,440 men and women, aged 20 to 54 years and 20 to 49 years respectively, were invited to participate. A total of 14,667 people attended and returned the questionnaire. MAIN RESULTS--A total of 328 people had their first peptic ulcer in the follow up period. Age, cigarette smoking, first degree relatives with peptic ulcer, and low educational level were shared risk factors for peptic ulcer in both men and women. In men, frequent upper respiratory infections increased the risk of gastric ulcer and drinking a great deal of milk increased the risk of duodenal ulcer. None of the other dietary variables, including coffee and alcohol consumption, contributed significantly to the risk. Use of analgesics was not a risk factor, and none of the psychological indicators analysed carried any significant risk. CONCLUSIONS--Age, inheritance, and cigarette smoking are all important risk factors for peptic ulcer. The increased risk associated with low educational background indicate that social strains, comprising lifestyle and diet habits, are part of the multifactorial aetiology of peptic ulcer. No support was found for the assumption that peptic ulcer disease is a psychosomatic disorder. This study did not support the view that duodenal and gastric ulcers have different aetiologies-rather it showed a similarity in risk patterns.     

Health status, lifestyle and nutrient intake of home resident elderly in Bahrain

The elderly are more susceptible to chronic diseases which reduce functional capacity. Researches on health and nutritional status, therefore, are needed to prevent and control these chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to find out the health, lifestyle, ability to carry out daily living tasks, and intake of nutrients among home-resident Bahraini elderly. Data were based on a cross-sectional community study of 201 Bahraini elderly aged 65 years, which were selected proportionally from all geographical regions of Bahrain (88 men and 113 women). They were visited and interviewed at home by trained female workers, using a pre-tested questionnaire. There was no statistically significant difference between men and women in the history of chronic diseases. However, the proportion of chronic diseases was higher among women, except for peptic ulcer. Men were more likely to smoke (38.6%) than women (24.8%) (p = 0.0353). Dietary supplements were more common among men (19.3%) than women (12.4%). Mean nutrient intakes for energy, iron and calcium were below the USA Recommended Daily Allowances. Men had more capability to do daily activities without help than women. In conclusion, there is a need to establish a national plan of action to promote health and nutritional status among the elderly of Bahrain. This study can provide some baseline data for further in depth study of health status of Bahraini elderly.     

四联疗法对消化性溃疡的研究

目的：研究分析四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌感染消化性溃疡的临床治疗效果及治疗后复发情况。方法：选取笔者所在医院收治的Hp感染消化性溃疡患者120例,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各60例。对照组采用奥美拉唑＋阿莫西林＋克拉霉素治疗。观察组采用奥美拉唑＋阿莫西林＋克拉霉素＋枸橼酸铋钾的四联疗法治疗。观察比较两组患者治疗后消化性溃疡愈合、Hp根除及复发率情况。结果：观察组治疗溃疡总有效率为93.33%,对照组为90.00%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;观察组的Hp根除率为93.34%,明显高于对照组的75.00%,观察组、对照组患者的复发率分别为3.33%、11.67%,两组Hp根除率、复发率比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：四联疗法治疗消化性溃疡临床疗效显著,有效率高、Hp根除率高、不良反应较少,是治疗消化性溃疡安全有效的方法之一,值得临床应用推广。     

Influence of surgery for peptic ulcer on pneumoconiosis and tuberculosis

Phillips, T. J. G. (1970).Brit. J. industr. Med.,27, 245-249. Influence of surgery for peptic ulcer on pneumoconiosis and tuberculosis. Simple pneumoconiosis in coal miners who have had a partial gastrectomy has often been observed at this Panel to lead to progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). A series comprising 224 men, who had had either a partial gastrectomy, a gastro-enterostomy with or without vagotomy, or a simple closure of a perforated peptic ulcer, was collected over a period of four years. A control series of 220 men who had originally presented with simple pneumoconiosis at least 10 years previously was also studied.

Active pulmonary tuberculosis developed in 13 of 106 men (12·2%) following partial gastrectomy compared with 2 of 68 men (2·9%) in the gastro-enterostomy group, 1 of 50 men (2%) in the perforated peptic ulcer group, and 4 of 220 men (1·8%) in the control series. Of those who had had a partial gastrectomy, 48·6% progressed to massive fibrosis subsequently, compared with 16·5% in the gastro-enterostomy group, 22% in the perforated peptic ulcer group, and 37·9% in the control series. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed as well as the current theories of the aetiology of PMF.

In view of the increased incidence of tuberculosis and possibly of massive fibrosis in those men who have had a partial gastrectomy in this series, it is recommended that this operation should be avoided in the treatment of peptic ulcer in coal miners with pneumoconiosis.

     

幽门螺杆菌阴性消化性溃疡与出血关系的分析

目的探讨幽门螺旋杆菌阴性消化性溃疡与消化道出血之间的关系。方法将发生消化性溃疡的病人分为单纯溃疡组以及溃疡合并出血组,通过快速尿素酶实验以及组织学检查两组消化性患者是否感染幽门螺旋杆菌。结果溃疡合并出血组90例病人中,幽门螺旋杆菌阴性者有30人,阴性率为33.3%;而单纯溃疡组90例病人中,幽门螺旋杆菌阴性者仅为18人,阴性率为20.0%,两组差异有统计学意义。结论幽门螺旋杆菌阴性消化性溃疡在消化性溃疡所占比例要低于幽门螺旋杆菌阳性消化性溃疡,但是并发出血的可能性更高,对这类病人要引起足够的重视,采取合适的治疗措施,提高治愈率。     

Incidence and Short-term Mortality From Perforated Peptic Ulcer in Korea: A Population-Based Study

Background

Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is associated with serious health and economic outcomes. However, few studies have estimated the incidence and health outcomes of PPU using a nationally representative sample in Asia. We estimated age- and sex-specific incidence and short-term mortality from PPU among Koreans and investigated the risk factors for mortality associated with PPU development.

Methods

A retrospective population-based study was conducted from 2006 through 2007 using the Korean National Health Insurance claims database. A diagnostic algorithm was derived and validated to identify PPU patients, and PPU incidence rates and 30-day mortality rates were determined.

Results

From 2006 through 2007, the PPU incidence rate per 100 000 population was 4.4; incidence among men (7.53) was approximately 6 times that among women (1.24). Incidence significantly increased with advanced age, especially among women older than 50 years. Among 4258 PPU patients, 135 (3.15%) died within 30 days of the PPU event. The 30-day mortality rate increased with advanced age and reached almost 20% for patients older than 80 years. The 30-day mortality rate was 10% for women and 2% for men. Older age, being female, and higher comorbidity were independently associated with 30-day mortality rate among PPU patients in Korea.

Conclusions

Special attention should be paid to elderly women with high comorbidity who develop PPU.Key words: peptic ulcer perforation, incidence, mortality, population     

惠东口岸2003年入出境船员疾病监测结果分析

目的　掌握惠东碧甲口岸入出境船员的健康状况 ,为传染病监测体检工作提供科学依据。方法　对 2 0 0 3年惠东口岸 10 1名入出境船员传染病监测体检的资料进行分析。结果　 10 1名监测对象中发现身体有异常 131人次 ,其中乙肝表面抗原阳性 18例 ,检出率为 17.82 % ;肝功能异常者 14例 ,检出率为 13.86 % ;高血压 18例 ,检出率为 17.82 % ;甘油三脂升高 2 2例 ,检出率为2 1.78% ;胆固醇升高 2 5例 ,检出率为 2 4 .97% ;尿酸偏高 10例 ,检出率为 9.9% ;消化道溃疡病 10例 ,检出率为 9.9% ;隐性梅毒 1例 ,检出率为 0 .99%。结论　乙肝表面抗原阳性、乙型肝炎、高血压、甘油三脂升高、总胆固醇升高、消化道溃疡、性病等疾病是船员的主患疾病 ,应加强监测     

消化性溃疡单纯修补术后临床疗效的观察

目的观察消化性溃疡单纯修补术后加三联疗法的疗效。方法对2002年至2007年收治的消化性溃疡穿孔64例病人行单纯缝合修补术治疗，术后常规抗幽门螺旋杆菌治疗，并随访观察。结果术后3个月，经电子胃镜检查溃疡愈合率治疗组为95．1％（39／41），对照组为82．6％（19／23）；Hp阳性率治疗组为14．6％（6／41），对照组为56．5％（13／23）。术后1年，经电子胃镜检查溃疡复发率治疗组为7．3％（3／41），对照组26％（6／23）；Hp阳性率治疗组为48．8％（20／41），对照组为69．6％（16／23）。治疗组的术后溃疡复发率显著低于对照组P〈0．05。结论消化性溃疡穿孔单纯修补术安全、操作时间短、术后并发症少．术后如果能接受全程内科治疗。效果满意。     

综合护理干预在改善慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡患者生活质量中的价值分析

目的：分析综合护理干预在改善慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡患者生活质量中的价值。方法：选取本院2013年2月-2014年2月收治的240例慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组各120例,其中对照组采取常规治疗手段,观察组在对照组的基础上采取综合护理干预手段,观察比较两组患者的治疗效果及NHP（诺丁汉健康调查问卷）评分。结果：经过综合护理干预后,观察组的总有效率91.7%（110/120）明显高于对照组的72.5%（87/120）,NHP各项指标评分均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：综合护理干预能够有效改善慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡患者生活质量,在临床上值得借鉴和进一步推广。     

寒热并用法治疗消化性溃疡的临床研究

目的观察香砂六君子汤合蒲公英和黄连化裁治疗法对消化性溃疡患者的临床疗效。方法将符合要求的60例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,其中治疗组为14例男性和16例女性,给予香砂六君子汤合蒲公英和黄连化裁治疗;对照组为12例男性和18例女性,给予西咪替丁片治疗。组间比较两者的治愈率,组内比较治疗前后的症状变化。结果治疗组治愈率为93．33％,对照组治愈率为86．67％,两组有统计学差异（P〈0．05）;治疗组治疗前后积分差为（7．88±0．74）,对照组治疗前后积分差为（6．81±1．5）1（P〈0．01）。结论运用寒热并用法,给予香砂六君子汤合蒲公英和黄连治疗消化性溃疡临床疗效佳,治疗期间未出现任何副作用。