一种新型煤基活性炭活化工艺

比较和分析了目前国内成熟的活性炭活化工艺,通过活化设备、活化原理、活化时间等方面的结果分析,推荐一种新型的循环流化床活化工艺,该工艺具有经济可行、环保达标等优点。     

织物纤维表面化学镀的前处理进展

综述了织物纤维表面化学镀的前处理进展,重点对除油、粗化以及活化过程作了概括总结,并对新型活化工艺进行了介绍归纳,包括非贵金属活化法、超声活化法、光化学活化法以及自组装薄膜活化法等。简要分析了除油、粗化和活化的各种工艺方法及其原理,并给出采用不同工艺方法施镀成功的代表性案例。鉴于传统的活化工艺对贵金属的消耗量较大,成本较高,为了节约贵金属资源,文中专门对非贵金属活化新工艺作了较详细介绍。最后展望了织物纤维表面化学镀前处理工艺的发展前景。对织物纤维表面化学镀研究工作具有一定参考价值。     

六盘水矿区煤矸石理化特性及热活化研究

本研究采用XRF、XRD、IR、SEM及EDS等方法,对六盘水地区煤矸石原粉进行了理化特性分析.采用热活化工艺对煤矸石原粉进行活化,分析热活化煤矸石矿物组成的变化.实验结果表明,六盘水矿区的煤矸石具有高硅、高铁的特点.煤矸石经800℃,保温4h活化后,其矿物组成高岭石晶体结构被破坏,生成变高岭石和无定形SiO2和Al2O3.     

非金属表面化学镀活化方法的研究现状

介绍了近年来国内外非金属基体化学镀的活化工艺.分析表明,胶体钯活化法工艺成熟、性能优异,但存在成本高、污染重等不足;无钯活化法弥补了钯活化工艺的缺陷,显示出广阔的发展前景,但活化效果差、工艺复杂限制了它的应用.因此,开发工艺简单,活化效果显著的无钯活化工艺是今后研究的重点.     

晋城无烟煤基活性炭吸附剂的制备及性能研究

以晋城无烟煤为原料,与KOH活化剂混合均匀,利用正交实验,通过碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值对其活化功率、活化时间和碱度等工艺条件进行探讨,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和BET比表面等检测手段,对KOH最佳工艺条件下制备的活性炭进行了表征.实验结果表明:KOH微波活化制备晋城无烟煤基活性炭的最佳工艺条件为活化功率480 W,活化时间7.5min,碱度4∶1,此时制备的活性炭吸附效果最好,其碘吸附值为989.4mg/g,比表面积为1 057.2m2/g,其工艺条件对活性炭吸附的影响递减顺序为:活化功率、活化时间、碱度.     

化学镀铜胶的研制

在非金属材料表面进行化学镀铜,首先必须使其表面活化.目前生产厂家较多采用的是将一些贵重金属盐(如AgNo_3、Pdcl_2等)通过还原剂的还原作用,使产生的贵重金属(Ag、Pd等)微粒均匀地沉积于非金属材料表面,使之活化,再进行化学镀铜.一般的操作过程为:除油、粗化、敏化、活化、还原、化学镀.各步之间还要进行充分的水洗.此方面的工作近年来有了新的进展,较为突出的是利用胶体钯把敏化与活化操作合二为一.还有四川大学研制了利用胶体铜代替贵重金属盐的活化工艺.虽然这些工艺有其显著的特点,但是操作过程冗长、技术要求严格,给生产带来许多不便.有人配制了一种含有Ni、Ca、Si、Al等元素的氧化物和盐类的胶态物质,据报导将此胶涂布于非金属表面,固化后,对化学镀铜具有催化作用.但至今未见进一步的研究     

风化煤中腐植酸的活化工艺研究

风化煤中的腐植酸会与钙、镁、铁、铝等形成不溶性物质,活性腐植酸含量低,若直接使用效果不理想.采用湿法磷酸与硝酸混合物对风化煤中的腐植酸进行活化处理,研究湿法磷酸与硝酸体积比、湿法磷酸与硝酸混合物用量、活化反应温度及活化反应时间等工艺条件对活化后风化煤中水溶活性腐植酸含量的影响.结果表明,风化煤中腐植酸活化处理的最佳工艺...     

一种ABS塑料非钯活化化学镀镍工艺研究

研究开发了一种在ABS塑料表面进行非钯活化的化学镀镍工艺,并对活化工艺条件进行了探究,得到最佳工艺条件。并通过结合力测定,显微微观形貌对镀层的结合力和形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明,采用最佳活化工艺活化后,ABS塑料能够进行施镀,且镀层完整,镍镀层呈现银白色,表面没有明显的缺陷,镀层与基底结合力良好,具有化学镀镍典型的花椰菜微观结构特征。说明该活化方式能够在一定范围内替代钯活化,降低成本。     

塑料电镀的活化工艺

概述了塑料电镀活化工艺的发展,从敏化-活化两步法到一步法,胶体钯活化到离子钯活化、PdS活化,并叙述各种工艺的机理、优缺点及其新进展.物理法活化也是近年来的研究热点.工程塑料品种的增多,各行业对塑料电镀制品的大量需求,塑料电镀的活化工艺亟待提高.     

AZ 31 镁合金化学镀不同活化工艺的研究

采用4种不同的活化工艺对AZ 31镁合金进行活化处理,然后进行化学镀。采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、极化曲线、全浸蚀实验、开路电位等手段优选出最佳的活化方法。结果表明:植酸活化处理后形成的植酸膜对基体覆盖完全,具有较好的耐蚀性;植酸膜有利于Ni-P镀层的沉积,形成的镀层具有良好的耐蚀性,且无明显孔洞。     

预氧化电炉钛渣活化改性-选择浸取制备金红石的工艺

提出了预氧化电炉钛渣活化改性-选择浸取制备金红石的工艺,探讨了改性剂、渣剂比、活化改性温度及时间、预氧化渣粒度和酸浸制度对人造金红石中TiO2含量的影响. 结果表明,Na2CO3是较理想的改性剂,温度900℃、时间120 min、渣/改性剂质量比为5:1的条件下进行活化改性,产物经选择性浸取、洗涤、水解与煅烧,可得到纯度为92%的人造金红石,满足氯化法生产的钛白要求.     

Influence of Starting Char Properties on Porosity Development During CO2 Activation

Two substantially different carbonaceous precursors (Quercus Agrifolia wood and walnut shells) were processed following an identical carbonization-activation procedure, using CO₂ as activating agent. Three activation temperatures were used and the evolution of micro and mesoporosity of produced samples as a function of activation yield is depicted. Differences, apparently given by intrinsic characteristics of precursors, were found in both the evolution and final status of porosity of obtained samples. It was concluded that initial properties of starting material strongly influence both course and results of the activation process under similar experimental condition.     

基于基团贡献法的CO2复合吸收溶剂实验研究

基于基团贡献法的基本原理,对用于脱除天然气中CO₂的复合溶剂进行组成设计。通过对比不同活化剂分子结构对其碱性、空间位阻效应等物化参数的影响,筛选出最佳的CO₂活化剂HZ,与N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)水溶液混合组成复合溶剂。采用常压吸收-常压再生实验装置测定复合溶剂对CO₂的脱除能力,考察了活化剂种类、活化剂添加量、吸收温度、H₂S浓度和再生温度等因素对CO₂脱除效果的影响,以及复合溶剂的抗发泡性能。实验结果表明:活化剂HZ的活化效果优于MEA、DEA和PZ;HZ最佳添加量为0.7mol/L;最佳吸收温度为40℃;原料气中H₂S浓度增加,会降低复合溶剂对CO₂的脱除效果;最佳再生温度为115℃;复合溶剂具有良好的抗发泡性能。     

活性炭负载TiO2的制备与表征

在固定床中以玉米秸秆为原料采用二氧化碳活化制备活性炭,并以活性炭为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2／AC复合催化剂,通过光催化降解甲基橙对其光催化活性进行研究。正交实验表明：当二氧化碳流量500mL·min^-1、活化温度800℃、活化时间40min时,制备的活性炭负载TiO2光催化性能最好,甲基橙降解率高达98．4％;采用XRD和SEM表征最佳工艺制得的TiO2／AC,发现TiO2／AC为锐钛矿型,粒径约为12nm。     

Experimental and Kinetic Studies on Pore Development During CO2 Activation of Oil-Palm-Shell Char

The results of experimental and kinetic studies on pore development during CO₂ activation of char derived from oil-palm shell, an abundant solid waste in some tropical countries, were presented in this paper. CO₂ was used as an activating agent instead of air because the 21% oxygen content in air would cause severe burn-off of carbon contents, resulting in detrimental effects on pore development. In preparing the activated carbon from oil-palm shell by CO₂ activation, size of the starting material and CO₂ gas flow rate were identified to minimize the effects of gas diffusion. Under a kinetic-controlled condition, the effects of char characteristics and activation temperature on BET and micropore surface areas, porosity and pore size distribution were investigated. For the char prepared from oil-palm shell at a low carbonization temperature of 873 K, the activated carbon with a reasonably high pore surface area and predominant microporosity was obtained.Its applications are in gas-adsorbing processes such as air pollutant removal and gas separation. A random pore model was developed to describe pore development during the carbon-CO₂ reaction process. Model predictions were compared with data from thermogravimetric analyses. Kinetic study showed that the activation reaction rate was dependent on both the initial pore structure of the char and the transient pore structure which was developed progressively during the activation process.     

斯列普活化炉尾气的回收利用

我国煤质活性炭的生产绝大多数采用斯列普活化炉进行活化。生产过程中蒸汽消耗量大,蒸汽费用占成本比重高。为了节约蒸汽,降低生产成本,通过工艺改进进行活化炉尾气回收再利用,减少热量损耗,加快炉内气体循环,改善炉内活化气氛,加快活化过程,提高活化炉的生产能力,提升产品质量,减少尾气排放量。该工艺改进技术可行,环保节能,经济效益显著。     

PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POROUS CARBON FROM DATE PALM SEEDS BY CHEMICAL ACTIVATION WITH H3PO4: PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR MAXIMIZING ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE

The potential of date palm pits to be a suitable precursor for preparation of porous carbon was explored in the present work, utilizing phosphoric acid as the activating agent. Experimental methods reported in the literature were chosen with certain modifications in order to simplify the process. Process optimization was performed using the popular response surface methodology (RSM) adopting a Box-Behnken design. Process optimization was intended to maximize the porous carbon yield and the methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity, with the process variables being the activation temperature, impregnation ratio (IR), and activation time. The structural characteristics were assessed based on nitrogen adsorption isotherms, SEM, and FT-IR, while the adsorption capacity was estimated using MB adsorption. The optimized experimental conditions were identified to be an activation temperature of 400°C, IR of 3, and activation time of 58 min, with the resultant porous carbon having a yield of 44% and MB adsorption capacity of 345 mg/g. The structural characteristics of the porous carbon reveal the BET surface area to be 725 m²/g, with pore volume of 1.26 cc/g, an average pore diameter of 2.91 nm, and total micropore volume of 0.391 cc/g. The popular Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were tested, and a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of MB was estimated to be 455 mg/g, which compares with the highest for MB reported in literature, evidencing the suitability of porous carbon for adsorption of macromolecular compounds. The low activation temperature and activation time with highest yield render the process technically and economically attractive for commercial use.     

涤棉废旧面料化学法回收利用前的活化处理

为了更好地回收利用涤棉废旧面料,利用超声波加氢氧化钠溶液的方法对其进行活化处理,并采用正交试验法,通过方差分析得到优化的因素水平。结果表明:影响活化效果的因素主次关系为氢氧化钠浓度超声波时间;优化的工艺为超声波时间1 h,氢氧化钠质量分数为25%;活化面料中的涤纶表面有明显的损伤。     

过碳酸盐高级氧化技术在水处理中的研究进展

近年来,活化过碳酸盐高级氧化技术由于低成本、安全、稳定等特点,越来越多的学者将其应用于处理水中的各类有机污染物,有望成为一种新兴的环境友好型水处理技术。通过查阅近十年大量国内外文献,在总结了活化过碳酸盐降解有机污染物的机理的基础上,系统综述了均相活化、非均相活化、物理活化、联合活化等不同过碳酸盐的活化方法与活化反应机制,并针对活化过碳酸盐高级氧化技术应用于降解废水中的各类有机污染物、膜污染控制、污泥脱水及污泥厌氧消化等方面的研究现状展开阐述。最后指出目前水处理研究领域活化过碳酸盐高级氧化技术存在的问题,并对未来的重点研究方向进行了展望,以期为该技术在水污染治理中的进一步推广和应用提供参考。