新型预提升器在催化裂化装置的工业应用

新型预提升器通过改变提升段结构,合理分布流化蒸汽,优化催化剂运动轨迹,解决了原直管式分布器和分布环式分布器提升管截面气,固分布不均匀问题,并在锦西炼油化工总厂800kt/a催化裂化装置上应用成功,应用结果表明,采用新型预提升器,提高了剂油接触效率,优化了产品分布,轻油收率提高了0．6个百分点,改善了系统设备结焦状况,减少了系统压力波动,提高了剂油比和装置作弹性,经济效益显著。     

催化轻柴油芳烃热脱烷基制萘

本试验是以催化裂化轻柴油芳烃为原料油、工业氢为原料气,热法脱烷基制萘。试验主要围绕测定结焦位置和减少结焦倾向,同时做了一些温度、压力、气油比和停留时间对脱烷基反应深度的影响。尚未做寿命试验。通过这一阶段工作,可以看出:     

催化裂化预提升工艺研究进展

催化剂的预分配状况对提升管内气固接触效率、轻质油收率、焦炭和干气产率等起着重要的作用。文中结合气固两相在提升管内的流动特点,从气固流动规律、结构形式、预提升介质等方面对近年来国内外普遍使用的催化裂化提升管预提升段的结构特点、预提升效果等进行了分析,阐述了近年来预提升结构的研究进展。     

多层进气提升管扩径预提升段流动特性研究

以催化裂化平衡剂和常温空气为介质,在多层进气底部扩径提升管冷模实验装置上,考察了不同操作条件对预提升段内颗粒浓度轴径向分布、概率密度分布及气固接触效率的影响,结果表明：对比预提升段不同轴向区域气固流动特性可以发现,在底部入口区和上部缩颈区,流动行为受气体影响较大,颗粒浓度、径向分布均匀性及气固接触效率降低,中部发展区气固接触效率较高,颗粒浓度的分布效果较好。同时与传统等径预提升结构相比,扩径预提升段内气固流动行为类似于湍动床,颗粒浓度显著提高,径向颗粒浓度分布的均匀性得到明显改善,气固分离现象得到有效抑制,气固湍动剧烈,接触效率高,有利于强化气固两相的接触和混合过程。     

催化裂化提升管新型预提升器的开发

新型提升管反应器采用提升管底部设扩大段 ,扩大段内设内输送管的新结构代替传统的直筒式提升管反应器。通过改变催化剂的流动轨迹达到改善气固接触效率的目的。合理设计的内输送管、流化蒸汽与提升蒸汽可使催化剂的循环量增加 ,轻质油收率提高 ,系统压力、密度波动及振动减少 ,系统设备结焦减少 ,同时可提高装置的操作弹性。该技术已在不同规模的催化裂化装置上得到应用。以锦西炼油化工总厂Ⅱ套 0 .80Mt/a催化裂化装置为例 ,应用新型预提升器以后 ,轻质油收率提高 1.1个百分点 ,直接经济效益 2 5× 10 6 RMB $ /a     

预提升对循环流化床反应器中气固流动特性的影响

以催化裂化平衡剂为固体介质、常温空气作为流化气体,在循环流化床冷态模拟试验装置上分别考察了表观气速、颗粒贮量、下料蝶阀开度、预提升气量等操作条件对循环流化床反应器催化剂循环速率的影响,并探讨了产生这种影响的原因;同时,深入研究了预提升出口位置对系统内催化剂循环速率、提升管底部轴向、径向颗粒浓度分布的影响,并描述了气固两相交汇点处的微观流动结构。结果表明:随着操作气速的升高,气、固相之间的相互作用增强,颗粒循环速率提高;伴床及蝶阀通过提供足够的压力支持提升管内的两相流动,增加颗粒贮量或减小蝶阀压降可有效提高颗粒循环量;通入预提升气可增大颗粒向前运动的推动力,避免颗粒发生坍落而沉积于床层底部;当伴床向提升管提供足够的颗粒循环速率时,预提升出口位置的提高破坏了颗粒的向下流动,迫使颗粒进入中心快速向上的气固流动区,从而改变气、固相交汇点处的流动结构;另外,不同预提升结构对颗粒浓度的影响有限,并未从根本上改变轴向、径向颗粒浓度的分布规律。     

预提升气对循环流态化气力输送的影响

在循环流化床冷态模拟实验装置上,对预提升气在气力输送过程中的作用进行了研究,详细分析了气力输送中的压力平衡,考察了底部气体返混及操作流型对颗粒循环速率的影响,同时描绘了提升管预提升段内微观气固流动结构。实验结果表明,提升管底部通入预提升气可避免颗粒在床层底部的积累,增大颗粒向前输送的推动力,从而提高系统循环量。其中,喷嘴进料气体积流量的增加将加剧气体返混,底部气体内循环和局部涡流导致气流夹带增多,颗粒循环速率逐渐提高,一定程度上可削弱预提升气对循环量的影响;随预提升气体积流量的增加,底部气固流动结构由密相流态化为主向气力输送为主转变,瞬时颗粒浓度信号波动减弱,颗粒浓度显著降低。概率密度分析结果表明,预提升气体积流量的增大致使预提升段内气固两相分布相对更均匀,有利于气固相的混合及接触。     

焦化炉管缓焦剂的实验室评价

鉴于焦化炉管缓焦剂很难直接在工业装置上进行精确评价,同时,实验室中又难以将不同油样控制在完全相同的反应历程下进行评价,通过快速测定油样的结焦因子,提出用添加缓焦剂前后结焦因子的变化对焦化炉管缓焦剂作用效果作快速准确的评价,建立了消除反应历程差异影响、判断实验重复性和结焦因子测量精度的方法,实现对焦化炉管缓焦剂的快速评价。     

催化裂化反应系统关键装备技术研究进展

通过详细分析催化裂化反应系统内不同区域的流动和反应特点,提出了“多区协控强化”的技术理念,形成了一种简单高效的催化裂化反应系统技术。该技术主要包括提升管进料段的“内置式气体内构件技术”和“油 剂逆流接触的新型进料段技术”、预提升区的“灵活调控剂/油比的混合预提升技术”、提升管出口油 剂快速分离区的“气 固旋流分离强化（SVQS）技术”以及汽提区的“组合环流汽提（MSCS）技术”。重点阐述了各项创新技术的研究进展,分析了创新技术与传统技术的差异,揭示了创新技术的优势所在。140 Mt/a重油催化裂化反应系统工业应用结果表明,该技术能够有效提高轻油收率,降低干气和焦炭产率,减少CO2排量,提高企业经济效益。     

裂解炉管的预涂覆抑制结焦方法

采用小试裂解评价实验装置对内径为10 mm、长为850 mm的小试炉管进行在线预涂覆,然后以石脑油为裂解原料对预涂覆后炉管的抗结焦能力进行评价。实验结果表明,将有效组分为Si,Al,Si/Al,Si/Al/Ca的预涂覆试剂分别预涂覆后,SiO_2能明显在炉管内表面附着,而Al_2O_3不能单独在炉管内表面附着;当预涂覆Si/Al/Ca混合元素后,Si元素在表面元素的含量约为30%(w)、Al元素含量接近10%(w)、Ca元素含量接近5%(w)。在小试裂解结焦评价实验中,经过预涂覆后炉管的结焦量低于空白炉管,尤其是利用Si/Al/Ca混合元素预涂覆后,第1次裂解实验结焦量减少85%,第5次裂解实验结焦量仍能减少80%以上。炉管预涂覆对乙烯、丙烯和丁二烯收率的影响不明显。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.