小麦返白系返白阶段叶片蛋白质变化与叶绿素含量的关系

小麦返白系春天现出白色心叶,白叶中有脱辅基蛋白存在,但含量很低。白叶复绿时色素条带中ＣＰⅡ出现先于ＣＰＩ,叶绿素含量的增加与色素蛋白的出现呈正相关,同时影响蛋白含量,但２１、２５ｋＤ蛋白即使在全白叶中也较高水平,白叶中ＲｕｂｉｓｃｏＬＳ含量极低,而ＳＳ仅略有降低,复绿初期蛋白质合成速率随叶绿素含量增而显著提高,ＬＳ也迅速增加。     

一种海生超微型黄藻的色素蛋白复合体

从海生超微型黄藻品系PP983中分离得到一种水溶性色素蛋白复合物,其光学特性与普遍存在于甲藻叶绿体中的多甲藻素-叶绿素α-蛋白复合物（Peridinin-Chlorophyllα-Protein Complexes,PCP)类似,初步测得该色素蛋白复合体的分子量约为154,200,分子中多甲藻素,叶绿素α,蛋白的摩尔比为16：2：5。研究结果显示,PP983中的PCP是作为聚光色素复合体存在于藻细胞的叶绿体中的。     

氮素水平对小麦幼苗叶绿体色素蛋白复合体含量的影响

在水培条件下,研究了不同氮素水平对小麦幼苗叶绿体色素、色素蛋白复合体含量及其光谱特征的影响。结果显示:(1)氮素水平较低时PSⅡ捕光色素蛋白复合体LHCⅡ在24~30 kD范围内的蛋白含量降低,不供氮时,色素蛋白复合体含量最低,而高分子量区域的蛋白组分相对较为稳定,说明氮素水平影响PSⅡ的多肽组分,而对PSⅠ多肽组分的影响相对较小。(2)室温吸收光谱分析表明,氮素水平较低时结合态色素的含量及比例发生改变,影响植物对光的吸收能力;荧光激发及发射光谱的峰值均随氮素浓度的升高而升高,说明增加施氮量时,叶绿体类囊体中受激发的色素分子数目增加,荧光强度也随之增大;叶绿体蛋白含量在16.86 mg.L-1氮素浓度时最大。     

小麦突变体返白系返白过程中游离氨基酸库及组分的变化

返白过程中,多数游离氨基酸组分出现累积,使其库容增大。最白期Ser含量高达2800 mg100g_(-1)DW,比对照高30倍以上,占到总库容的65％;His,Glu比对照高10倍,其它大部分氨基酸均比对照高2～4倍不等;而Tyr,Phe在返白过程中含量减少;Thr,Met,Cys在最白期出现缺失。同时,蛋白水解酶活性升高,可溶性蛋白含量急骤下降。     

小麦返白系返白阶段叶片蛋白质变化与叶绿素含量的关系

小麦返白系春天出现白色心叶。白叶中有脱辅基蛋白存在,但含量很低。白叶复绿时色素条带中ＣＰⅡ出现先于ＣＰＩ;叶绿素含量的增加与色素蛋白的出现呈正相关,同时影响蛋白含量,但２１、２５ｋＤ蛋白即使在全白叶中也有较高水平。白叶中ＲｕｂｉｓｃｏＬＳ含量极低,而ＳＳ仅略有降低。复绿初期蛋白质合成速率随叶绿素含量增加而显等提高,ＬＳ也迅速增加。     

小麦突变体返白系返白阶段叶绿素代谢的变化

小麦 ( Triticum aestivum)返白系在返白阶段 Chl、胡萝卜素 ( Caro)含量均下降 ,但 Caro/ Chl的比值大于对照 ,表明叶片白化不是因 Caro减少引起的。Chl下降的同时 ,Chla和 Chlb均下降 ,表明该突变体属阶段性缺总 Chl型。返白初期 Chlase活性增高 ,返白中期活性下降 ,表明 Chl降解不是造成叶片失绿的主要原因 ;Chl合成中间物 δ-氨基酮戊酸 ( ALA)、胆色素原 ( PBG)积累 ,尿卟啉 ( Uro )、原卟啉 ( Proto )、镁 -卟啉 ( Mg- Proto )、原叶绿素酸 Pchl减少 ,特别是 Uro 在返白中期含量最低 ,复绿初期却急剧积累 ,表明叶绿素合成受阻于尿卟啉原 ( Urogen )的形成上。     

杂交小麦不同发育时期叶绿素蛋白复合体的变化

杂交小麦“９０１”在不同发育时期及不同叶位,叶片色素蛋白复合体含量均高于对照品种陕２２９,尤其表现在“９０１”的旗叶,而陕２２９的倒二叶在籽粒形成后期、灌浆期,略高于“９０１”,倒三叶在籽粒发育后期至成熟期“９０１”的含量要高于陕２２９。叶绿素蛋白复合体分析结果说明,在不同发育时期、不同叶位,“９０１”叶片色素蛋白复合体中含有较高的叶绿素b,尤其表现在籽粒形成后期的旗叶上。２个品种在不同发育时期,不同时叶位之间,色素蛋白复合体组分上没有差异。仅表现在成熟期,陕２２９的倒三叶各色素带含量减少,并且消失１条叶绿素蛋白复合体带,初步认为此带是ＬＨＣＰ的寡聚体之一,而“９０１”比陕２２９晚７d倒二叶上表现出样的现象,表明“９０１”叶片色素蛋白复合体抗衰老能力很强。     

不产氧光合细菌色素蛋白复合体研究进展

摘要: 色素蛋白复合体是光合生物进行光合作用维持生命活动最重要结构基础。目前不产氧光合细菌色素蛋白复合体仍是最具前沿研究领域。本文概述了不产氧光合细菌各种属色素蛋白复合体研究现状,着重对光反应中心色素蛋白复合体（reaction center,RC）和捕光色素蛋白复合体（light-harvesting complex,LH）,尤其是新型捕光色素蛋白复合体LH3和LH4的组成、精细结构、蛋白同源性和功能进行了述评,并就研究中存在的问题和发展趋势进行了讨论。     

高光胁迫对水稻籼粳亚种两个品种色素蛋白复合体的影响

以耐光抑制的水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）粳亚种品种“武育粳”和对光抑制敏感的灿亚种品种“汕优６３”的剑叶为材料,比较研究了高光胁迫对水稻两个亚种光合系统的影响。结果表明,高光胁迫影响激发能在两个光系统之间的分配,抑制激发能向ＰＳⅡ传递。在籼稻中激发峰和发射峰以及相关比值在受到高光胁迫后下降的幅度均比在粳稻中显著。与粳稻相比,高光胁迫几乎使籼稻的ＰＳⅡ捕光色素蛋白复合体的三聚体解体,使其Ｐ     

水分胁迫对小麦叶绿体色素蛋白复合体的影响

水分胁迫可抑制激发能向ＰＳⅡ传递,降低ＰＳⅡ捕光色素蛋白复合体、ＰＳⅡ内周天线色素蛋白复合体以及ＰＳⅠ捕光色素蛋白复合体和ＰＳⅠ反应中心叶绿素ａ 蛋白复合体的含量,其中以ＰＳⅡ色素蛋白复合体含量下降幅度较大。类囊体膜多肽分析表明,水分胁迫使属于ＰＳⅡ捕光色素蛋白复合体的２５ ｋＤ蛋白、ＰＳⅡ内周天线色素蛋白复合体的４３ ｋＤ 和４７ ｋＤ蛋白以及ＰＳⅠ捕光色素蛋白复合体的２１ ｋＤ蛋白含量降低,尤以２５ ｋＤ蛋白含量降幅最大。     

光合生物色素-蛋白质复合物的多样性

通过对近年来放氧型光合生物有关研究结果的概括分析,提出放氧型光合生物光系统Ⅰ、光系统Ⅱ及捕光色素-蛋白质复合物具有多样性,并根据其PSⅠ复合物的77 K荧光发射特点,指出放氧型光合生物光合系统中的能量传递方式也可能存在多样性.     

The in vivo and in vitro Reconstitution of Pigment-protein Complexes,and its Implication in Acquiring a New System

Reconstitution is one of the most fundamental and powerful tools to investigate pigment—protein complexes, for example, light-harvesting complexes and reaction center complexes. Two reconstitution methods, in vitro and in vivo, have been applied to complexes. In vitro reconstitution methods were first developed using isolated proteins and pigments, and recently using over-expressed proteins. This method enables analysis of pigment binding, pigment stoichiometry, and protein flexibility when accepting extrinsic pigments, however, it has not yet been successfully applied to the core antenna system. In vivo reconstitution, which was developed using genetic modifications, is applicable even on core systems. In this Review, the in vivo reconstitution is mainly considered on the basis of the in vitro reconstitution, because the former was a recent development and will be expanded to many systems. When genes for a new pigment are acquired and expressed, the new pigment is incorporated into a pre-exiting complex(es) and becomes functional when it is accepted by this complex(es), or abandoned if it is not. This process is postulated to occur during the evolutionary process(es) of antenna and reaction centers, and it is now possible to reproduce this evolutionary developmental pathway(s). Several examples of in vivo reconstitution are given and considered from the viewpoint of evolutionary implication with regards to the antenna and reaction centers.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Pigment-protein interactions in the photosynthetic reaction centre from Rhodopseudomonas viridis

An X-ray structure analysis of the photosynthetic reaction centre from the purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas viridis provides structural details of the pigment-binding sites. The photosynthetic pigments are found in rather hydrophobic environments provided by the subunits L and M. In addition to apolar interactions, the bacteriochlorophylls of the primary electron donor (`special pair') and the bacteriopheophytins, but not the accessory bacteriochlorophylls, form hydrogen bonds with amino acid side chains of these protein subunits. The two branches of pigments which originate at the primary electron donor, and which mark possible electron pathways across the photosynthetic membrane, are in different environments and show different hydrogen bonding with the protein: this may help to understand why only one branch of pigments is active in the light-driven electron transfer. The primary electron acceptor, a menaquinone (Q_A), is in a pocket formed by the M subunit and interacts with it by hydrophobic contacts and hydrogen bonds. Competitive inhibitors of the secondary quinone Q_B (o-phenanthroline, the herbicide terbutryn) are bound into a pocket provided by the L subunit. Apart from numerous van der Waals interactions they also form hydrogen bonds to the protein.     

Excitation and Emission Spectroscopy of Membranes and Pigment-protein Complexes of an Aerobic Photosynthetic Bacterium, Erythrobacter sp. OCh 114

Emission and excitation spectra of steady-state fluorescencefrom membranes and isolated pigment-protein complexes of anaerobic photosynthetic bacterium, Erythrobacter sp. strain OCh114 indicated high efficiency of energy transfer from Bchl 806to Bchl 870 and from carotenoids to bacteriochlorophyll. Thus,this bacterium has a highly efficient light-harvesting systemtypical of photosynthetic bacteria. (Received August 3, 1989; Accepted January 27, 1990)     

茶氨酸和没食子酸在普洱茶中的含量变化

建立高效液相色谱分析茶氨酸和没食子酸的方法,对由云南大叶茶（Camellia sinensis var．assamica）生产的晒青毛茶及其加工的普洱茶中二者的含量进行分析。结果表明,普洱茶中没食子酸的含量显著增高,而茶氨酸的含量则明显降低。茶氨酸和没食子酸的含量与原料的来源和质量,以及普洱茶的后发酵生产过程均有关系。对二者含量变化的机制进行了初步的讨论。     

林茶间作下的光照条件与茶树生理生态研究综述

林茶间作下的光照条件与茶树生理生态研究综述周志翔（华中农业大学林学系,武汉４３００７０）ＲｅｖｉｅｗｏｎＬｉｇｈｔＶａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｉｎＴｅａａｎｄＯｔｈｅｒＷｏｏｄｙＰｌａｎｔｓＩｎｔｅｒｃｒｏｐｐｅｄＰｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄＥｃｏ－ｐｈｙｓｉ...     

主要产茶国茶树资源与红茶育种研究进展

茶树种质资源是茶树品种选育的材料基础。本文系统阐述了世界茶叶主产国在茶树资源收集、保存和鉴定评价方面所取得的进展,着重对红茶化学特性、红茶育种的研究成果进行论述。同时,对未来茶树育种的发展方向进行探讨。     

干旱胁迫下杨树无性系苗期光合与气孔形态变异研究

为了解不同干旱胁迫处理下,杨树叶片光合特性和气孔形态的变化规律,本研究以4个杨树无性系为材料,对其干旱胁迫下光合指标与气孔形态指标进行测定分析,方差分析结果表明：除气孔器长在处理间差异不显著外,其他性状在无性系间、处理间和无性系与处理交互作用间均达极显著差异水平。随着土壤相对含水量的逐渐降低,无性系净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度都呈现出不同程度的下降;而胞间二氧化碳浓度呈现为先降后升趋势,表明当土壤相对含水量大于40%时,光合作用的主要限制因子是气孔因素,当土壤相对含水量低于40%时,光合作用的主要限制因子转换为非气孔因素。气孔形态研究结果表明,各指标均随土壤相对含水量的持续降低呈现出持续下降趋势。利用隶属函数法对不同干旱胁迫下4个杨树无性系的抗旱性进行综合评价,结果表明：白城小青黑杨的抗旱性优于其他三个无性系。     

Seasonal Variation in the Biomass of Zooplankton in Two Shallow Coastal Water Inlets Differing in their Stage of Eutrophication

The seasonal zooplankton dynamics of two coastal water inlets differing in their stage of eutrophication are compared. There are no clear differences between the two waters with respect to calanoid copepods, but they differ appreciably in terms of rotifer biomass. In the more eutrophic water the latter show a pronounced mass development in July which is absent in the less eutrophic water. It is concluded that bacterio-detritivorous rotifer species are an important regulative factor of the ecosystem which compensates for productivity increases by intensifying heterotrophic destruction.