有机电致发光器件中复合发光的电场和温度关系

通过分析有机电致发光器件中载流子注入、输运、激子的解离与复合过程，提出了激子解离与复合的理论模型。基于电流连续性方程和Poisson方程，给出了激子复合几率、电流密度及复合效率表达式。研究了外加电压和温度对器件中激子的复合几率及在各种接触条件下外加电压对器件电流和复合效率的影响。结果表明：(1)在一个较宽的注入势垒范围内，复合几率随电场和温度的升高而降低；(2)固定阴极势垒，而阳极势垒由小变大时，器件电流由接触限制向空间电荷限制转变；(3)复合效率随外加电压升高先增加，当电压达一临界值时而陡降，并存在一个最佳的注入势垒值。其计算值与所报道的实验结果相符合。     

氮化镓基高电子迁移率晶体管栅电流输运机制研究

制备了与AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管栅极结构与性能等效的圆形肖特基二极管结构,测量了器件的变温电流-电压特性,研究其在正向与反向偏压条件下的载流子输运过程。结果表明:(1)正向低偏压线形区的电流主要为缺陷辅助隧穿电流,而体电阻效应显著的高偏压区,经典热发射机制占主导地位;(2)AlGaN势垒层中的极化电场对器件的反向漏电流起重要作用,载流子的主要输运过程为Frenkel-Poole发射机制。     

GaN高压LED在极小电流与极低温度下的光电特性

在图形化蓝宝石衬底上制备了串联结构的氮化镓(GaN)高压发光二极管(LED),分别在极小电流与极低温度下研究了其光电特性。结果表明,在极小电流区(I<1×10-8 A),主要输运机制为缺陷辅助隧穿。由于能带热收缩效应和辐射复合中心的热激活效应,随着温度升高,电致发光(EL)峰发生红移,半高宽(FWHM)增加;光输出强度与注入电流呈幂指数关系,表明极小电流下非辐射复合占主导,且载流子通过缺陷辅助隧穿至量子阱。在极低温度下(T~40 K)仍能观测到电致发光现象,表明载流子并未被完全冻析,在强场下可由施主态或受主态通过缺陷辅助隧穿至量子阱;随着注入电流增加,注入电荷的库伦电场对极化电场的屏蔽作用增强,导致发光峰发生明显的蓝移,能带填充效应则导致半高宽增加。     

ZnO/Si异质结中的晶界层行为研究

本文利用电容-电压,电流-电压和深能级瞬态谱研究了ZnO/Si异质结的晶界层行为和载流子的输运机制。当存在高密度界面态时,ZnO/Si异质结的载流子输运受到晶界层的控制。我们观察到了有趣的现象,不同测量温度下得到的ZnO/Si异质结正向lnI-V曲线发生交叉,另外得到ZnO/Si异质结的有效势垒高度随着测量温度的下降而下降,这与理想的异质结热发射模型是相矛盾的。本文的随后各节对上面提到的现象做出解释。     

基于DCIV法对pMOSFET热载流子损伤的研究

利用新型的直流电流电压(DCIV)法研究了热载流子应力下的亚微米pMOSFET的氧化层陷阱电荷和表面态产生行为,并对热载流子应力下pMOSFET的阈值电压和线性区漏端电流的退化机制做出了物理解释.实验发现在栅极电压较高的热载流子应力条件下,热载流子引发表面态密度随时间变化的两个阶段:第一阶段,电负性的氧化层陷阱电荷起主导作用,使线性区漏端电流随时间增加;第二阶段,表面态逐渐起主导作用,导致线性电流随时间逐渐减小.     

半导体技术

TN301 99030424热载流子简并效应研究/孔军,杨之廉(清华大学)11半导体学报.一1 998,19(11)一846一850通过把能量输运模型扩展到Fermi统计情形,用数值方法研究了简并效应对半导体器件的热载流子输运的影响,对窄基区B JT的模拟表明,当注入浓度很高时,载流子简并效应对热载流子输运的影响是不可忽略的.图3,参7(木)学报一1998,19(11)一861一864用低能量氢离子束轰击肖特基势垒二极管芯片背面,能有效减小反向电流和理想因子,增高势垒高度和减小势垒电容.对于较大的轰击能量和束流密度,特性改善的效果较显著.但过长的轰击时间会使改善的程度减…     

BiFeO3薄膜中的电学输运性质

报道了铁酸铋薄膜样品在80K~300K温度范围直流电学输运性质的研究结果.利用同一前驱体不同老化时间,用化学溶液沉积法在钛酸锶衬底上制备出两种样品.在低阻样品中,低场下电流随电压变化遵从欧姆定律,电阻不随温度变化;而在中等强度外场下显示出肖特基二极管性质.在高阻样品中,低场下电流密度沿晶界分布,输运中的势垒能级为0.57eV;高场下电流的传输则遵从Frenkel-Poole模型,相关势垒能级0.12eV.低阻和高阻两种样品在85K温度下可测最大剩余极化分别为2.6μC/cm2和28.8μC/cm2.     

CuPc作蓝色OLED的缓冲层对器件性能影响的研究

本文对以LiBq，作为发光层，PVK：TPD作为空穴输运层，结构为：ITO／PVK：TPD／LiBq4／Alq3／Al的蓝色有机电致发光器件，在相同工艺条件下引入和不引入CuPc缓冲层，进行了实验研究。结果表明：由于CuPc缓冲层的引入，使蓝色OLED的电流随电压的增大较未加CuPc的OLED相对缓慢；且启亮电压上升，发光亮度和效率下降。这主要是因为CuPc加入后，空穴注入势垒降低，使PVK：TPD／LiBq4界面空穴积累数量增大，产生的反向漂移电场阻碍了空穴多数载流子的注入；并进而致使发光层注入空穴数量减小，内建电场加强，激子形成几率变小，解离几率增大。     

室温下nc-Si/SiO2多层膜结构中的共振隧穿现象

采用等离子体淀积和原位氧化技术,并结合后续的热退火处理制备了nc-Si/SiO2 多层膜结构。通过电流电压特性对室温下器件中的载流子输运过程进行了表征。在正向和反向偏压下的电流电压特性曲线中都表现出了由于共振隧穿引起的负微分电导。共振隧穿产生的峰值电流对应的电压值与器件结构中的势垒层厚度相关,势垒层越厚,发生隧穿的峰值电压越高。文中通过器件的能带结构简图和等效电路图对正向、反向偏压下的共振隧穿峰值电压差异进行了细致的分析。     

6H-SiC肖特基源漏n沟MOSFET的数值-解析模型

分析了6H-SiC肖特基源漏MOSFET的电流输运机制,并建立了数值-解析模型.模型正确地计入了隧道电流和势垒降低的影响,能准确反映器件的特性.模拟结果显示,源极肖特基的势垒高度是影响器件特性的主要因素,随着温度升高,器件的特性将变得更好.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.