无源声呐稀疏阵无栅瓣性能分析

计算机模拟、实际声呐信号和理论分析证明了在无源声呐中只要信号带宽足够宽(带宽大于1个倍频程),无源声呐中用稀疏阵,即基元间距大于信号波长的基阵,波束图中不会出现栅瓣特性。白化目标信号可满足尽量宽的信号带宽,有利于无栅瓣波束的设计。结论是只要保证足够宽的信号带宽,无源声呐工作频段中最高频率的波长可小于基阵中阵元间隔而可使阵波束特性不出现栅瓣。     

被动合成孔径的非对称双线阵相位校正方法研究

提出了一种基于被动合成孔径的相位校正方法,有效地解决了因为首阵元未对齐(非对称)而引起的双线阵左右舷误判问题。利用被动合成孔径的方法,将其中一个单阵通过相位校正合成为一个虚拟单线阵,新的虚拟单线阵和另一个实际的单线阵构成首阵元对齐的双线阵,恢复了双线阵的对称性,因此可以纠正非对称双线阵导致的左右舷误判。通过数值仿真和海试试验数据的对比分析,说明这种算法可以解决非对称双线阵左右舷误判问题,且方法简单易于实际应用。     

A passive synthetic aperture phase correction algorithm for the asymmetric twin-line array sonar

A passive synthetic aperture based on phase correction algorithm for solving the port-starboard discrimination problem in the non-aligned towed twin-line array sonar,is de- scribed.This method creates a virtual array through applying the estimated phase correction into one array of twin-line arrays.Because the synthetic virtual array is aligned with the other array in twin-line arrays,the right port-starboard discriminated results can be obtained by array processing based on the new synthetic twin-line array.The effect of proposed method has been shown by simulated and sea-trials results in towed twin-line array sonar.With low extra computational loads,the proposed method is easy to apply to the practice.     

Irregular array motion and extended integration for the suppression of spatial aliasing in passive sonar

Conventional synthetic aperture processing uses motion of the sonar to increase aperture size and bearing resolution. Two recent papers discussed a different application in which synthetic elements are used to fill in an otherwise sparse passive array. This paper points out that ambiguities persist, even with synthetic elements, in the ideal case of a straight, uniform, sparse line array with constant velocity in the presence of plane wave signals. It is also shown that irregular motion such as acceleration introduces additional information which can be exploited to suppress the ambiguities. The degree of suppression in such an approach is independent of signal direction. If source stability supports extended coherent integration, then the acceleration and integration time required are both modest to achieve interesting levels of suppression. For a less stable source, a modified conventional beamformer is introduced which leverages acceleration over multiple snapshots to suppress the ambiguities. A post-beamformed processing stage involving a nonlinear deconvolution technique such as the CLEAN algorithm can further improve the result. A semi-coherent adaptation of CLEAN is shown to remove the residual ambiguities effectively in the presence of a moderate level of uncorrelated noise.     

The interference characteristics of platform and towed body noise in shallow water for active/passive towed array sonar

The interference characteristics of towed platform noise resulted from propeller and towed body for active/passive towed array is analyzed. It is shown that, in shallow water environment, the direct wave and bottom/sea surface reflected wave will seriously affect the performance of sonar system. The formula for calculating the direction of arrival (DOA) of interference in terms of various parameters, such as array depth, length of tow cable, is derived. The effect of interference noise for the detection performance of sonar system is described. The results of system simulation provide the method for reducing the effect of these kind of interferences.     

主被动拖线阵声呐中拖曳平台噪声和拖鱼噪声在浅海使用时的干扰特性

分析了主被动拖线阵声呐中拖曳平台的螺旋桨噪声和主动发射基阵(拖鱼)流噪声对被动接收基阵的干扰作用,指出在浅海声学环境下,直达波和海底、海面反射波会成为声呐系统的严重干扰。给出了拖曳平台和拖鱼在各种不同深度和缆长的情况下干扰源的入射角。从理论上计算了不同参数下干扰噪声对系统响应的影响,系统仿真结果可为声呐设计者抑制这种干扰提供途径。     

大型声呐基阵的全方位强干扰抵消系统

强干扰是制约中远程声呐性能的主要因素。对于大型声呐来说,由于过长的延时量以及过高的运算速率,抗强干扰问题始终未能解决,本文提出一种适用于大型基阵的全方位抗强干扰系统。它是自适应噪声抵消系统与一个可编程迪卡诺(DICANNE)系统的结合,在干扰与信号入射角之间的夹角比较小时,采用低采样速率的自适应噪声抵消系统;在此角度较大时,采用高采样率的DICANNE系统,从而使整个系统具有全方位抗干扰的性能。本方案在采用高性能的DSP器件时,易于实现。文中给出设计框图与硬件实施方法。     

密布式多输入多输出声呐阵列目标波达方向估计

针对低信噪比条件下多输入多输出声呐受对称噪声分量影响导致测向性能降低的情况,提出了一种基于协方差矩阵重构方法的波达方向估计算法。首先,将噪声场分为对称噪声和非对称噪声两部分,利用协方差矩阵虚部与对称信号无关的性质,去掉协方差矩阵的实部来降低对称噪声对目标波达方向估计精度的影响,采用降维转换方法和矩阵虚部置换原理重构协方差矩阵的实部,避免了双频谱的干扰。然后利用Toeplitz方法对重构的协方差矩阵进行解相干修正,通过奇异值分解获得噪声子空间,最后对目标的波达方向进行估计,可实现微弱信号的准确测向。理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法明显抑制了对称噪声,提高了目标的波达方向估计性能,具有运算速度快、自由度高和目标分辨力强的特点。     

Striation-based beamforming for estimating the waveguide invariant with passive sonar

The waveguide invariant summarizes the pattern of constructive and destructive interference between acoustic modes propagating in the ocean waveguide. For many sonar signal-processing schemes, it is essential to know the correct numerical value for the waveguide invariant. While conventional beamforming can estimate the ratio between the waveguide invariant and the range to the source, it cannot unambiguously separate the two terms. In the present work, striation-based beamforming is developed. It is shown that the striation-based beamformer can be used to produce an estimate for the waveguide invariant that is independent of the range. Simulation results are presented.     

第四讲探潜先锋--拖曳线列阵声纳

文章介绍了在反潜战中发挥重要作用的拖曳线列阵声纳的工作原理、结构特点、系统组成,同时回顾了拖曳线列阵声纳从第一次世界大战时Hayes H C博士的概念到2000年John R.Potter等人的细线阵所经历的长达80年的发展过程,最后预计,应用光纤、新声源,采用多线阵结构能进行三维定位的主被动模块化拖曳线列阵声纳是未来的发展方向.     

第四讲 探潜先锋——拖曳线列阵声纳

文章介绍了在反潜战中发挥重要作用的拖曳线列阵声纳的工作原理、结构特点、系统组成,同时回顾了拖曳线列阵声纳从第一次世界大战时Hayes H C博士的概念到2000年John R. Potter等人的细线阵所经历的长达80年的发展过程,最后预计,应用光纤、新声源,采用多线阵结构能进行三维定位的主被动模块化拖曳线列阵声纳是未来的发展方向.     

适用于声呐阵形估计的姿态传感器网络设计

设计了一种基于姿态传感器网络的声呐阵形估计系统,给出了系统设计的整体方案并对系统的软硬件设计进行了论述。实验结果证明了该设计的可行性。     

具有高泛化性能的无源声呐目标识别算法

针对水声信号的特性和无源声呐目标识别的特点,提出了一种有师自组织神经网络分类算法。该算法主要针对水声信号的样本不完备的问题,在前债神经网络中引入了多重神经元激活模型和自组织竞争学习算法,使无源声呐分类系统的泛化性能有了明显的提高。该算法采用分层学习策略,有效地节省了训练时间,同时减少了陷入局部最优解的概率。通过对实录海上无源声呐目标信号的分类实验,检验了算法的识别能力和泛化能力,实验结果责明该算法具有良好的泛化能力同时保持了较高的识别率.     

相控阵超声二维稀疏阵列的优化设计应用研究

在相控阵超声检测中,稀疏阵列是利用较少阵元数目获得大阵列孔径的有效办法。目前一些稀疏阵列没计的方法,并没充分利用有效阵元。本文首先采用遗传算法没计二维稀疏阵列,发现遗传算法设计的稀疏阵列,一致性较差。主要原因是在没有任何限制的条件下,寻优搜索空间大,遗传算法参数往往难于控制。针对此问题,受十字形稀疏阵列和最小冗余度阵列的启发,本文将最小冗余度阵列拓展到二维稀疏阵列的设计中。计算机模拟和实验都表明,利用最小冗余度阵列和遗传算法设计的二维稀疏阵列具有很好的空间分辨率和对比度分辨率。     

Extraction of small boat harmonic signatures from passive sonar

This paper investigates the extraction of acoustic signatures from small boats using a passive sonar system. Noise radiated from a small boats consists of broadband noise and harmonically related tones that correspond to engine and propeller specifications. A signal processing method to automatically extract the harmonic structure of noise radiated from small boats is developed. The Harmonic Extraction and Analysis Tool (HEAT) estimates the instantaneous fundamental frequency of the harmonic tones, refines the fundamental frequency estimate using a Kalman filter, and automatically extracts the amplitudes of the harmonic tonals to generate a harmonic signature for the boat. Results are presented that show the HEAT algorithms ability to extract these signatures.     

Weak signal direction of arrival estimation for colocated multiple-input multiple-output sonar array

In order to suppress the influence of symmetrical noise component on multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)sonar's direction of arrival(DOA)estimation under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio,we propose a DOA estimation algorithm based on covariance matrix reconstruction method.Firstly,the noise field can be decomposed into symmetrical noise field and asymmetrical noise field.We utilize symmetry property of colored noise matrix and the feature that the imaginary part of covariance matrix has no relation with the symmetry noise to remove the real part of covariance matrix.This operation helps to suppress the influence of colored noise on DOA estimation accuracy.Based on the principle of the imaginary matrix part displacement and the dimension reduction transformation method,the real part of covariance matrix is reconstructed,which helps to suppress the bilateral spectrum interference.Thereafter,Toeplitz method is applied for the covariance matrix decorrelation amendment,and a noise subspace is formed by singular value decomposition(SVD).Finally,we can estimate the DOA of target signals.Both theoretical analysis results and numerical simulation results verify the symmetrical noise suppression performance of this algorithm,and the estimation performance of target azimuth is improved obviously.This method has the characteristics of lower operational complexity,higher degrees of freedom and stronger target resolution.     

Method of generating orthoscopic elemental image array from sparse camera array

We propose a method of generating orthoscopic elemental image array from a sparse camera array. A parallax image array obtained by a sparse camera array provides different perspectives of a real threedimensional (3D) scene, and has all the information the elemental image array needs. In-depth analysis of the generation method and the relationships between the sparse camera array and the elemental image array are presented. The experimental results demonstrate the correctness of the proposed method.     

峰值能量检测及其在被动声纳显示中的应用

本文介绍子带峰值能量检测方法及其在被动声纳显示和检测中的应用[2-4]，同时提出了波束域宽带峰值能量检测算法。新的波束域算法是在已有波束形成的基础上进行处理，不需对原系统进行较大的修改。通过波束域宽带峰值能量检测处理，可以改善声纳显示效果，更加清晰地显示目标方位。相对于高分辨率波束形成算法，两种峰值能量检测算法的运算量都比较低，具有一定的工程应用前景。通过计算机仿真和实测数据处理，验证了所述两种峰值能量算法在提高显示清晰度，减小测向模糊度方面的优点。     

A Jump-U model of echo pattern for a sonar ranging module

Sonar is extensively used in robot as a range sensor and the time-of-flight (TOF) information of ultrasonic echo is frequently adopted in sonar applications. This paper proposes a Jump-U model of ultrasonic echo pattern based on TOF data for a sonar ranging module. The model is established through a data regression method, utilizing TOF data and the relation between the delay time and the bearing angle of the sensor as input parameters. Because the proposed model can explain the jump phenomenon of TOF data and the shape of TOF data is similar to character U, the model is named as Jump-U. Moreover, the model includes several parameters, and one of them is intensity factor which can be regard as a relative strength of ultrasonic echo. Experiments are conducted to verify the proposed model by measuring the echo’s TOF data of a plane with distances ranging from 100 to 200 cm. The results show a close agreement between simulation and measurements.     

基于稀疏信号重构的阵元位置误差校正方法

阵元位置误差的存在会严重影响水听器阵列的测向性能,为此在使用阵列之前需对该误差进行校正。针对这一需求,提出了一种对任意阵型适用的高精度阵元位置有源校正方法。结合远场阵列模型以及位置误差\