社区高血压老年人智慧医养照护志愿服务实践效果评价

目的 探讨智慧医养照护志愿服务在社区高血压老年人健康管理中的实践效果。方法将100例社区高血压老年人随机分为对照组和观察组各50例,对照组给予常规接触式社区医养照护志愿服务管理,观察组给予智慧医养照护志愿服务管理。管理6个月后,比较两组管理前后血压、血糖、健康促进生活方式及依从性的变化。结果管理后观察组收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白显著低于对照组;健康促进生活方式得分显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。结论智慧医养照护志愿服务能有效控制社区高血压老年人的血压、血糖水平,提高其自我健康管理能力,可为医养照护志愿服务模式及社区慢病智慧化管理提供参考。     

聚焦解决模式在老年高血压患者健康教育中的应用

目的 探讨聚焦解决模式在老年高血压患者健康教育中的应用方法及效果.方法 将100例住院老年高血压患者随机分为观察组与对照组各50例.对照组按照常规内容和模式进行健康教育,观察组按照聚焦解决模式5个步骤进行健康教育.分别于健康教育前、后对两组患者的高血压知识知晓率、服药依从性及血压进行比较评价.结果 观察组患者服药依从性和高血压知识知晓率显著优于对照组(均P＜0.05);血压水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 采用聚焦解决模式对住院老年高血压患者实施健康教育,可显著提高健康教育效果,增强患者服药依从性,有效控制血压水平,从而提高患者的生活质量.     

聚焦解决模式在老年高血压患者健康教育中的应用

目的 探讨聚焦解决模式在老年高血压患者健康教育中的应用方法及效果。方法 将100例住院老年高血压患者随机分为观察组与对照组各50例。对照组按照常规内容和模式进行健康教育，观察组按照聚焦解决模式5个步骤进行健康教育。分别于健康教育前、后对两组患者的高血压知识知晓率、服药依从性及血压进行比较评价。结果 观察组患者服药依从性和高血压知识知晓率显著优于对照组（均P〈0．05）；血压水平显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 采用聚焦解决模式对住院老年高血压患者实施健康教育．可显著提高健康教育效果．增强患者服药依从性，有效控制血压水平，从而提高患者的生活质量。     

E-Coach慢病管理模式在高血压控制中的应用研究

目的探讨E-Coach慢病管理模式在高血压患者中的应用效果。方法将232例原发性高血压患者随机分为研究组(116例)和对照组(116例)。对照组采取常规门诊管理,研究组在常规门诊管理的基础上接受由专科护士为主导的E-Coach慢病管理模式管理。干预6个月后评价效果。结果对照组98例、研究组102例患者完成全程干预。研究组血压控制率、平均每周有氧锻炼时间、认知症状管理及与医生沟通评分显著高于对照组,收缩压显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 E-Coach慢病管理模式有利于改善高血压患者的自我管理行为,提高血压控制率。     

健康教育配合自我推拿对轻度高血压患者血压的影响

目的 观察健康教育配合自我推拿对轻度高血压患者动态血压的影响.方法 将60例轻度高血压患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,两组均进行健康教育;观察组配合自我推拿干预,对照组口服氢氯噻嗪治疗.连续3个月观察动态血压的变化.结果 观察组干预前后24 h血压、白昼及夜间血压均值有统计学差异(均P＜0.01);对照组24 h血...     

高血压患者药物素养促进计划的制订与实施

目的提高高血压患者的药物素养。方法将长沙市6个社区卫生服务中心随机分为对照组和干预组各3个,对照组153例患者接受社区卫生服务中心提供的常规健康服务;干预组144例患者依据制订的高血压患者药物素养促进计划实施为期1个月的干预。结果干预后第3个月,干预组血压控制水平显著优于对照组,服药依从性、药物素养、服药自我效能得分显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论实施高血压患者药物素养促进计划可以提升患者药物素养、服药自我效能及服药依从性,从而改善患者血压控制水平。     

基于物联网远程血压监测结合APP管理对高血压患者的影响

目的探讨基于物联网远程血压监测结合APP管理对高血压患者血压及自我护理行为的影响。方法将123例原发性高血压患者随机分为观察组62例和对照组61例,对照组采用门诊常规管理,观察组实施远程血压监测结合APP管理。结果干预4个月后,观察组收缩压、舒张压下降幅度、血压达标率显著高于对照组,自我护理行为(除外情绪减压)显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论对高血压患者实施远程血压监测与APP管理有利于提高患者血压达标率和改善自我护理行为,是实施慢性病管理的有效方法。     

心力衰竭管理手册对患者自我护理能力及生存质量的影响

目的探讨心力衰竭管理手册在慢性心力衰竭患者自我护理能力及生存质量中的应用效果。方法将入住我院心内科的慢性心力衰竭患者按病区分为干预组和对照组各76例。对照组实施常规健康教育,干预组在此基础上结合心力衰竭管理手册实施健康教育。结果干预后,干预组自我护理维持、自我护理管理、自我护理信心及生存质量评分改善显著优于对照组(均P0.01)。结论心力衰竭管理手册作为一种管理工具,使慢性心力衰竭患者出院后通过自我管理,仍能得到针对性、延续性、全面化的服务支持和帮助,满足患者对慢病诊疗的需求,提高患者的自我护理能力及生存质量。     

思维导图用于0级糖尿病足患者健康教育效果探讨

目的提高糖尿病足患者健康教育效果,防止足病发展。方法将68例0级糖尿病足患者随机分为对照组和干预组各34例。对照组采取常规发放宣教手册结合PPT授课实施健康教育;干预组设计和采用思维导图,通过PPT授课实施健康教育,于患者出院6个月后评价效果。结果干预组患者自我效能及自护能力评分显著高于对照组,糖尿病足预防效果及健康教育满意率显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论思维导图式健康教育可有效提高教育效果,控制足病发展。     

冠心病介入患者基于自我超越理论的护理干预

目的 探讨基于自我超越理论的护理干预对冠心病介入患者希望水平、应对方式、自我管理行为及健康素养的影响。方法 将126例冠心病介入患者随机分为对照组与观察组各63例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在此基础上基于自我超越理论进行护理干预。干预前及干预后2周比较两组希望水平、应对方式、自我管理行为及健康素养评分。结果 干预后观察组希望水平、积极应对方式、自我管理行为及健康素养评分显著高于对照组,消极应对方式得分显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 基于自我超越理论的护理干预可提高冠心病介入患者希望水平,增强积极应对及自我管理能力,提高健康素养。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

Intraoperative autotransfusion is associated with modest reduction of allogeneic transfusion in prosthetic hip surgery

Background: The efficacy of intraoperative salvage and washing of wound blood and the predictors of allogeneic red cell transfusions in prosthetic hip surgery are insufficiently known.
Methods: In 96 patients, undergoing primary or revision surgery, salvaged and washed red cells and, if necessary, allogeneic blood were used to keep haematocrit not lower than 33%. The bleeding of red cells during hospital stay was calculated from the red cell balance. The preoperative red cell reserve (millilitres of red cells in excess of a haematocrit of 33%) was estimated and the difference between this volume and the total bleeding of red cells was retrospectively used to classify patients with regard to the need for red cells. Stepwise regression analysis was used to define patient-related variables associated with allogeneic blood transfusion.
Results: Preoperative knowledge of the type of operation (primary, revision), the preoperative red cell reserve, and the body mass could predict roughly half of the need for banked blood (r²=0.45). Only one-third of the total bleeding of red cells was retransfused. For complete avoidance of allogeneic blood, autotransfusion was most effective in patients with a moderate need (0–4 u). However, 32% of such patients required allogeneic blood.
Conclusions: Autotransfusion has a limited efficacy to decrease the need for allogeneic blood, and other blood-saving methods should be added for this purpose. It is difficult to predict the need for allogeneic blood preoperatively.     

缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响

目的    观察缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响,探讨外泌体在缺氧致肾脏损伤中的作用及机制。 方法    （1）常氧（21% O₂）及缺氧（1% O₂）分别处理大鼠肾小管上皮细胞（NRK-52E）48 h,收集细胞上清液并使用高速梯度离心法分离外泌体。采用透射电镜、纳米示踪分析、Western印迹、蛋白浓度定量鉴定并比较两组外泌体的基本特性。（2）在共培养实验中,以不同浓度（1、10、50、100、300 mg/L）的常氧外泌体、缺氧外泌体分别干预脂多糖（LPS）诱导的大鼠原代腹腔巨噬细胞,使用实时荧光定量PCR与酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法分别检测巨噬细胞白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、诱导型氮氧化物合酶（iNOS）水平;使用Western印迹法检测巨噬细胞磷酸化（p）STAT/STAT及细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白1（SOCS1）的蛋白表达;最后,使用实时荧光定量PCR法检测常氧外泌体与缺氧外泌体中炎性反应相关微RNA（microRNA,miR）的表达差异。 结果    （1）离心得到的囊泡具有外泌体典型的结构,粒径小于150 nm,表达外泌体标志蛋白CD63,说明分离得到外泌体。缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌的外泌体形态、粒径分布比例无明显影响,但提高了外泌体的分泌量。（2）缺氧外泌体相比于常氧外泌体促进了LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS 的表达和分泌（均P＜0.01）,同时提高STAT的磷酸化水平并减少SOCS1的蛋白表达（均P＜0.01）;对炎性反应相关microRNA检测发现缺氧外泌体中miR-155、miR-27a表达量较常氧外泌体明显升高（P＜0.05）。 结论    缺氧可改变外泌体的生物学功能,表现为协同促进LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞的表型转化,这可能是慢性肾脏病微炎性反应状态持续的原因之一。     

In Vitro Function and Durability Assessment of a Novel Polyurethane Heart Valve Prosthesis

Abstract While flexible-leaflet, central-flow prosthetic heart valves promise relief from anticoagulation therapy, they continue to be restricted by inadequate durability. In consequence, a novel trileaflet valve, made entirely from polyurethane, has been developed. A batch of 6 consecutively manufactured polyurethane valves was subjected to hydrodynamic function and accelerated fatigue testing. Computerized data acquisition and control systems have been introduced to improve valve testing methodologies. In terms of hydrodynamic function, the polyurethane valve demonstrates transvalvular pressure gradients similar to those for a bioprosthetic valve (Carpentier-Edwards) and levels of retrograde flow significantly less than those for either the bioprosthetic valve or a bileaflet mechanical valve (St Jude Medical). The equivalent of 10 years of cycling without failure has been exceeded by all 6 polyurethane valves in accelerated fatigue tests with 2 valves remaining intact after 674 million cycles (equivalent to approximately 17 years) in continuing tests. Highspeed photography revealed considerable differences in leaflet motion between valves cycled at accelerated and physiological rates.     

Negative pressure ventilation vs. spontaneous assisted ventilation during rigid bronchoscopy: A controlled randomised trial

Background: Ventilation during interventional rigid bronchoscopy (IRB) under general anaesthesia (jet ventilation, positive pressure ventilation and spontaneous assisted ventilation) may offer some difficulties. This study compares the effectiveness during IRB of intermittent negative pressure ventilation (INPV) and spontaneous assisted ventilation (SAV). Methods: Thirty-eight patients submitted to IRB were randomised into two groups: SAV or INPV. All patients received a total intravenous anaesthesia; INPV patients were paralysed. Pre-and intra-operative arterial blood gases and O₂ flow through a rigid bronchoscope were assessed. The endoscopist applying a subjective score evaluated the operating conditions. Results: Patients of the INPV group, as compared to the SAV group, required a lower dosage of fentanyl (2.6 ± 1.8 (μg · kg^?1· h^?1 vs. 6.6 ± 4.8 μg · kg^?1· h^?1), a lower O₂ supply (3.3 ± 2.8 1/min vs. 11.6 ± 3.4 1/min), a shorter recovery time (5.4 ± 2.9 min vs. 9.8 ± 7.1 min) and no manually assisted ventilation (0 ± 0 vs. 1 ± 1.1 nd?/procedure). Intraoperative PaCO₂ was higher in the SAV (8.1 ± 1.3 kPa) than in the INPV group (5.0 ± 1.6 kPa) and intraoperative pH differed in the two groups (7.26 ± 0.05, SAV vs. 7.47 ± 0.08, INPV). Operating conditions, as assessed by a subjective score, were considered better with INPV than with SAV (4.9 vs. 4.3). Conclusions: As compared to SAV, INPV in paralysed patients during IRB reduces administration of opioids, shortens recovery time, prevents respiratory acidosis, excludes the need for manually assisted ventilation, reduces 02 need and affords optimal surgical conditions. INPV appears a safe, non-invasive and effective ventilatory management during IRB.