超声交换-抽滤淋洗-全自动凯氏定氮法测定土壤中阳离子交换量北大核心CSCD

当土壤样品pH≤7.5时,取2.00 g样品,用1 mol·L^(-1)乙酸铵溶液冲洗至土壤无结块,并定容至50 mL,超声交换6 min。当土壤样品pH>7.5时,取2.00 g样品,加入1 mol·L^(-1)氯化铵溶液50 mL,在电炉上煮沸,直至表面皿上蒸出的水的酸度达到pH 7(依此判断氨已煮尽),再加入1 mol·L^(-1)乙酸铵溶液,超声交换6 min。启动抽滤模式,将超声好的样品倒在布氏漏斗上,用40 mL乙醇洗涤沉淀,重复洗涤4次,直至无NH_(4)^(+)洗出(用纳氏试剂检测)。将沉淀、滤纸和约1 g预先高温灼烧好的固体氧化镁试剂置于全自动凯氏定氮仪上,设置盐酸溶液浓度为0.05 mol·L^(-1)、20 g·L^(-1)硼酸吸收液(内含甲基红-溴甲酚绿指示剂)用量为20 mL,蒸馏时间为5.0 min,自动完成消化、蒸馏和滴定操作,仪器输出结果即为测定值。结果表明:方法检出限(3.143s)为0.083 cmol·L^(-1);按照试验方法分析土壤有效态成分分析标准物质,测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)均小于5.0%,且测定值均在认定值的不确定度范围内;方法用于分析不同来源地不同类型的样品,所得测定值的RSD(n=5)小于标准(LY/T 1243-1999)方法的,相对误差为-1.5%~6.6%,t检验结果(0.0419)小于临界值(t;=2.228),两种方法无显著性差异。     

振荡抽滤-pH计指示电位滴定法快速测定土壤样品中阳离子交换总量

为了提高土壤中阳离子交换量(CEC)分析效率及分析准确度,采用乙酸铵或氯化铵-乙酸铵溶液对土壤样品进行处理,并采用振荡交换、抽滤分离的方式进行离子交换、铵离子清洗。土壤饱和吸附的铵离子用甲醛-CaCl2溶液交换后,采用氢氧化钠溶液滴定,并用pH计准确指示滴定终点,由此测定CEC含量。选用5个国家一级有效态标准物质进行验证,测定值与推荐值相符,相对标准偏差均小于7%,提高了CEC的分析效率与准确度,更加适用于大批量样品的测定。     

全自动凯氏定氮仪测定化肥中的含氮量

建立全自动凯氏定氮仪检测化肥中氮含量的分析方法。称取总氮量在0.03~0.3 g范围的样品,经消解仪消解及全自动凯氏定氮仪碱化蒸馏,以硼酸为接收液,用0.15~0.20 mol/L的盐酸标准溶液进行自动滴定。该方法加标回收率为99.0%~101.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.0%(n=6)。与国标GB/T 8527–2010法测定结果无显著性差异,全自动凯式定氮仪法的准确度、精密度均优于国标方法,而且所用试剂少、分析时间短,满足实验室快速检测大批量化肥中含氮量的需要。     

葡萄酒中二氧化硫含量的快速测定

采用凯氏定氮仪对葡萄酒样品进行蒸馏,然后用自动电位滴定仪测定葡萄酒中二氧化硫的含量。考察了凯氏定氮仪与玻璃蒸馏仪、自动电位滴定仪与玻璃滴定管、搅拌速度及滴定速度对测定结果的影响。测定结果显示,凯氏定氮仪-自动电位滴定仪测定结果与GB/T5009.34-2003规定的采用玻璃仪器方法测定结果无显著性差异。该方法的加标回收率为88.8%~103.6%。     

国产凯氏定氮仪测定食品中蛋白质的研究

探讨了国产KDY-9810型凯氏定氮仪及KXL-1010控温消解炉,代替国标GB/T5009.5-2003方法中传统定氮装置测定蛋白质含量,比较国标法与用国产的KDY-9810型凯氏定氮仪结果,表明KDY-9810型凯氏定氮仪用于粮食中蛋白质的测定具有消解速度快,操作简单、方便、准确度高,设备价格低,易于推广等优点。     

铁氰化钾-三氯化铁光度法测定蔬菜中还原糖含量

于氢氧化钠碱性溶液中,铁氰化钾试剂与样品溶液中的还原糖反应(在沸水浴中加热10min),定量生成亚铁氰化钾,此溶液冷却至室温,并用0.1mol.L-1盐酸溶液酸化至pH 3.5～4.0后随即加入三氯化铁溶液,经5min后生成普鲁士蓝。在波长680nm处用1cm吸收皿对试剂空白测定其吸光度,还原糖的质量浓度在0.8～4.0mg.L-1范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,其摩尔吸光率为3.4×104L.mol-1.cm-1。应用此方法测定了3种蔬菜样品中的还原糖含量,所得测定值与兰-埃农法测得值相符。测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于2.5%,回收试验所测得回收率在99.7%～100.1%之间。     

盐酸消解-原子荧光光谱仪测定土壤中总汞

本研究利用原子荧光光谱仪,探寻适合本实验室测定土壤总汞的方法。实验中对沸水浴消解和电热板消解这两种土壤样品的前处理方法、消解液种类以及仪器检测等因素进行条件试验,结果表明：土壤样品选用(1+1)盐酸溶液在沸水浴下加热消解、在热汞条件下分析待测液中的总汞含量是最佳样品消解及测定方法,该方法标准曲线的相关系数大于0.999,仪器最低检出限为0.006μg/g,精密度为1.2%~4.8%(n=7),样品准确度满足标准土样的要求。该方法快速简单,空白背景低,样品精密度准确度较高,适用于土壤中总汞的测定。     

原子荧光光谱法测定煤矿复垦区土壤中砷

取土壤样品0.5g,加入硝酸-盐酸-水(1+3+4)混合酸15mL,先在室温放置过夜,然后在沸水浴上加热2h,冷却,加入50g·L~(-1)硫脲-50g·L~(-1)抗坏血酸(1+1)混合溶液5mL后,用盐酸(5+95)溶液定容至50mL,用原子荧光光谱法在选定的仪器工作条件下测定试样溶液中砷量,所采用的硼氢化钾溶液的质量浓度为25g·L~(-1)方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.05μg·L~(-1),用标准加入法测得的回收率在93%～101%之间。按所提出的方法分析了土壤标准物质(GBW07403),测得其砷量与认定值一致。     

全自动定氮仪碱解蒸馏法测定植物营养液中硝态氮和铵态氮

建立凯氏定氮仪法测定植物营养液中铵态氮和硝态氮的方法。将10 mL植物营养液置于凯氏定氮管中,加入4.5 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液10 mL,利用锌-硫酸亚铁还原剂将营养液中硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)转化为铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N),经蒸馏后被定量吸收在硼酸溶液中,用标准酸进行滴定,计算营养液中总氮含量;不加锌-硫酸亚铁还原剂时,测定营养液中的NH_(4)^(+)-N含量,采用差减法计算出营养液中NO_(3)^(-)-N含量。方法的检出限(以铵态氮计)为0.15 mg/L,硝态氮和铵态氮测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.23%~2.75%、0.83%~2.84%(n=5),加标回收率为98.7%~100.8%。该方法满足LY/T 1228—2015《森林土壤氮的测定》标准要求。     

多位电动搅拌交换-全自动凯氏定氮法测定土壤中阳离子交换量

测定土壤阳离子交换量（CEC）的行业标准方法中,以玻璃棒手动搅拌进行离子交换和铵离子的清洗,使用传统方式进行蒸馏,手动滴定测定土壤样品中的阳离子交换量。但是这些方法搅拌操作劳动强度大、蒸馏过程较为繁琐,耗时长、效率低、不利于大批量样品的快速检测。以自制的多位电动搅拌装置代替玻璃棒搅拌,选择乙酸铵加入量、乙酸铵交换次数和交换搅拌时间3个因素,进行3因素3水平正交试验,结合实际操作需要选择加入50 mL乙酸铵溶液,交换1次,搅拌5 min,用乙醇清洗3次,运用全自动凯氏定氮仪进行蒸馏和测定土壤样品中的阳离子交换量。当搅拌时间为5 min时,搅拌速度大于100 r/min时,增加搅拌速度对分析结果无影响。使用本方法对不同酸碱性的国家标准物质和实际样品进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.51%～2.38%,且国家标准物质的测定结果均在认定值的不确定范围内,表明本方法有较好的精密度和准确度。与标准方法相比,本方法以多位电动搅拌装置代替玻璃棒搅拌,用全自动凯氏定氮仪代替传统的蒸馏方式和手动滴定,自动化程度较高,蒸馏过程操作简单,解放了分析测试人员的双手,降低了劳动强度,自动滴定,节约了试剂成本,整个分析效率提高一倍以上,可实现批量化快速检测土壤中的阳离子交换量。     

Potential for chlorate interference in ion chromatographic determination of total nitrogen in natural waters following alkaline persulfate digestion.

Determination of total nitrogen in aqueous samples after thermal potassium peroxydisulfate (persulfate) digestion is a commonly used alternative to the tedious Kjeldahl procedure. When ion chromatography is used to quantify the nitrate formed during digestion, there is a potential for interference from a chlorate peak if the digested sample initially contained chloride in concentrations close to or greater than the concentration of nitrogen. It was determined that this interference can be avoided either by using chromatographic conditions which cleanly resolve the nitrate and chlorate peaks (e.g., the Dionex AG9-HG column) or by using digestion reagent concentrations chosen to maintain a high pH throughout the digestion. The second alternative is not a viable option for investigators using a single digestion for both total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) analysis.     

腐植酸复合肥中的氮、磷、钾含量分析

采用凯氏定氮法、磷钼酸喹啉容量法、ICP-AES法分别分析腐植酸复合肥的氮、磷、钾含量。研究结果表明,在添加不同酸时,应使盐酸的离子浓度大于硫酸的离子浓度,从而消除硫酸盐对磷分析的影响;待测液的酸度控制在1.0~1.6 mol/L为较适宜条件。方法具有良好的准确度和精密度,适用于腐植酸复合肥中氮、磷、钾的精确分析。     

Rapid analysis of fertilizers by the direct-reading thermometric method

The authors have developed rapid methods for the determination of the main components of fertilizers, namely phosphate, potassium and nitrogen fixed in various forms. In the absence of magnesium ions phosphate is precipitated with magnesia mixture; in the presence of magnesium ions ammonium phosphomolybdate is precipitated and the excess of molybdate is reacted with hydrogen peroxide. Potassium is determined by precipitation with silico-fluoride. For nitrogen fixed as ammonium salts the ammonium ions are condensed in a basic solution with formalin to hexamethylenetetramine; for nitrogen fixed as carbamide the latter is decomposed with sodium nitrite; for nitrogen fixed as nitrate the latter is reduced with titanium(III). In each case the temperature change of the test solution is measured. Practically all essential components of fertilizers may be determined by direct-reading thermometry; with this method and special apparatus the time of analysis is reduced to at most about 15 min for any determination.     

Micro and semi-micro determination of organic nitrogen by use of potassium bromate

After Kjeldahl digestion of an organic compound, nitrogen is determined by oxidation of the resultant ammonium sulphate with hypobromite produced in situ by the addition of an excess of potassium bromate and bromide in a special flask. The unreacted potassium bromate is determined iodometrically.     

Spectrophotometric determination of organic nitrogen by a modified Lassaigne method and its application to meat products and baby food

A modified Lassaigne method was developed for N determination based on fusion of the organic substance with metallic Na, conversion of the cyanide in the aqueous leachate to thiocyanate by ammonium polysulfide treatment, and colorimetric measurement of the thiocyanate formed by the addition of excessive ferric ions in acidic medium. The mean molar absorptivity of the Fe(NCS)2+ complex at 480 nm is 2.96 x 10(3) L/mol x cm, enabling quantitation of 0.25-7.72 ppm N (linear range) in the final solution. The relative amounts of Na, (NH4)2S2, and Fe(III) with respect to nitrogen in the analyte were optimized. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of N in various brands of baby food, and it was compared statistically with the conventional Kjeldahl and elemental analysis methods. Protein nitrogen in a number of meat products was also precisely determined by the developed method. Thus, the total digestion time of the conventional Kjeldahl method was reduced considerably (e.g., to approximately 15 min for a dried sample) with a relatively simple spectrophotometric method requiring no sophisticated instrumentation.     

Determination of ammonium in a buddingtonite sample by ion-chromatography

An ion-chromatographic method for the direct determination of ammonium, potassium, and sodium in geologic materials is described. Samples are decomposed with a mixture of hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids in a sealed polycarbonate bottle heated in a microwave oven. The ion-chromatograph separates the cations and determines them by conductivity measurement. The ammonium concentrations thus determined have been verified by use of an ammonia-specific electrode. A total of 32 analyses of ammonium salts by both techniques showed an average error of -4%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6%. The ammonium concentrations found in a buddingtonite sample had an RSD of 2.2% and their mean agreed with that obtained by the Kjeldahl method. By use of the prescribed dilution of the sample, detection limits of 0.1% can be achieved for all three cations.     

EDTA滴定法连续测定铅精矿中铅和锌

建立了EDTA滴定法连续测定铅精矿中铅和锌的方法。试样用盐酸、硝酸、硫酸和氯酸钾分解。铅通过硫酸铅沉淀与其他干扰元素分离,沉淀溶解于乙酸-乙酸钠溶液中。在滤液中加入氨水、氟化钾使铁等干扰元素沉淀并与锌溶液分离。用二甲酚橙作指示剂,EDTA分别滴定溶液中的铅和锌。研究中测定了能力验证NILPT(2010)-0211铅精矿样品10-1和10-2中铅和锌,结果满意。     

A simplified version of the total kjeldahl nitrogen method using an ammonia extraction ultrasound-assisted purge-and-trap system and ion chromatography for analyses of geological samples

The total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) method was simplified by using a manifold connected to a purge-and-trap system immersed into an ultrasonic (US) bath for simultaneous ammonia (NH₃) extraction from many previously digested samples. Then, ammonia was collected in an acidic solution, converted to ammonium (NH₄⁺), and finally determined by ion chromatography method. Some variables were optimized, such as ultrasonic irradiation power and frequency, ultrasound-assisted NH₃ extraction time, NH₄⁺ mass and sulfuric acid concentration added to the NH₃ collector flask. Recovery tests revealed no changes in the pH values and no conversion of NH₄⁺ into other nitrogen species during the irradiation of NH₄Cl solutions with 25 or 40 kHz ultrasonic waves for up to 20 min. Sediment and oil free sandstone samples and soil certified reference materials (NCS DC 73319, NCS DC 73321 and NCS DC 73326) with different total nitrogen concentrations were analysed. The proposed method is faster, simpler and more sensitive than the classical Kjeldahl steam distillation method. The time for NH₃ extraction by the US-assisted purge-and-trap system (20 min) was half of that by the Kjeldahl steam distillation (40 min) for 10 previously digested samples. The detection limit was 9 μg g⁻¹ N, while for the Kjeldahl classical/indophenol method was 58 μg g⁻¹ N. Precision was always better than 13%. In the proposed method, carcinogenic reagents are not used, contrarily to the indophenol method. Furthermore, the proposed method can be adapted for fixed-NH₄⁺ determination.     

Dosage de l'azote dans le vanadium par fusion reductrice sous vide

A study of the conditions for the determination of nitrogen in vanadium by vacuum fusion in a platinum bath has shown that (a) the amount of nitrogen extracted depends on the ratio (R) of the weights of platinum and vanadium, and (b) the amount extracted passes through a maximum value for a particular R value depending on the temperature. With R values of ca. 2 and extraction temperatures above 1900°, results were in reasonable agreement with those obtained by the Kjeldahl method, the reproducibility being 2–3%.