共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 828 毫秒
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按照我国核安全法规要求,核电厂应根据设计特征和厂址特征制定核事故应急状态分级的初始条件和应急行动水平,提高核电厂对放射性流出物异常类事件进行应急状态分级的研判水平.本文结合国内外最新的相关法规、导则及技术文件,计算分析了因放射性流出物异常类事件进入各应急状态的初始条件及应急行动水平,对其适用性及合理性进行论证,提出通用... 相似文献
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本文描述了在未能紧急停堆的预期瞬变(ATWS)事故工况下应急初始条件及应急行动水平在PWR核电厂和CANDU核电厂的应用,并对这两种类型核电厂在ATWS事故工况下相同应急初始条件的应急行动水平的不同进行了比较. 相似文献
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根据核电厂工况进行应急防护决策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了美国核管会 (NRC)和国际原子能机构 (IAEA)有关在严重事故期间根据核电厂工况进行防护决策的方法 ,特别是制定核电厂应急行动水平、根据核电厂工况进行堆芯损坏评价、估计源项和确定防护行动的方法。为提高我国核电厂应急响应的有效性 ,提高在事故期间进行防护决策的科学性 ,建议我国应尽快掌握和研究制定核电厂应急行动水平、事故期间评价堆芯损坏和估计源项的方法学 相似文献
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根据应急操作规程(EOP)与应急行动水平(EAL)的共性,以方家山核电工程1号反应堆EOP为例,将EOP中的指示和参数与NEI 99-01中的EAL进行比较,对在执行"A"型事故规程时核电厂应进入的应急状态等级进行分析讨论,以便在制定核电厂的EAL时能充分利用EOP中给出的信息。 相似文献
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在我国事故应急准备和响应中值得研究的一些问题 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
我国系统地,全面地开展核事故应急响应和准备已有十多年,回顾它的发展过程,吸取国际的有益经验,进一步明确某些基本概念,对促进我国健康地开展核事故应急响应和准备是有益的、其中主要是:1事故应急响应和准备不是核和辐射设施特有的;2.应急准备和响应计划的分类,不仅包括核装置,而且包括辐照装置等;3.危害评价-一个应该优先考虑的问题;4应急计划区的划分.5心理影响。 相似文献
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Kazufumi Nagashima Lembit Sihver Nakahiro Yasuda 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2019,56(7):629-638
This paper aims at clarifying the potential and the limit of the method to surmise the timing of the containment vessel (CV) failure utilizing the Emergency Action Levels (EALs) issued as a nuclear operator’s notification in an early phase of the severe accident (SA). We analyzed the timings of the EALs issued in all kinds of the SA sequences of several PWR plant models by using the SA analysis code, MAAP. We found high correlations between the timing of SE41 (EAL issued at CV pressure of 0.5 design pressure) and the timing of the CV failure in the typical scenarios, e.g. over-pressure failures. We could therefore establish an evaluating method to estimate the time for a CV failure. This method has the potential to support the decision-making in nuclear emergency preparedness. 相似文献
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应急防护体系中一些概念的变迁 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
人为历史上最严重的一次核事故--切尔诺贝利核电站事故已经过去10年,无论是由于事故的震憾极大地提高了人们的安全和应急意识,或者是由于应急有关的实践经验的反馈,都使得应急防护体系中的一些重要概念产生了不小的变化。 相似文献
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This study integrated the nuclear power plant simulation software, PCTRAN, with an atmospheric diffusion model to efficiently evaluate a nuclear power plant accident and its off-site dose consequences. PCTRAN, with its user-friendly interface, provides a fast simulation scheme that can simulate many kinds of nuclear power plant accidents. Once accident initiation events are activated in the software, the plant parameters are calculated and displayed via animations on the user interface. Based on the simulated plant conditions, the radioactive materials considered in the software may be released from the plant to the environment. In this study, a dispersion algorithm, including a modified atmospheric diffusion model and its programming method, is proposed such that PCTRAN satisfies the application requirements to be used to plan nuclear emergency responses. First, the modified atmospheric diffusion model handles the variations of meteorological conditions (wind direction, wind velocity, and stability category) during a nuclear power plant accident simulation. Furthermore, the proposed programming method promotes calculation capability and efficiency by reducing the computational burden. For demonstration purposes, a postulated accident event was simulated for the Maanshan Nuclear Power Plant in Taiwan. The overall accident evolution, whole plant response, and off-site dose consequences could be predicted much earlier than what actually occurs. The thyroid and whole body dose rates (and their accumulations) as a function of accident time are displayed on the map within the emergency planning zone (EPZ). The influence of the accident on the off-site area can thus be estimated earlier, and the emergency classification can be determined by referring to the emergency action levels (EALs) for a quick nuclear emergency response. 相似文献
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国际核应急要求与技术的某些进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
前苏联切尔诺贝利核电站事故以来的十多年期间,国际上在对核应急工作的概念、范围、基础结构、计划要求、干预、以及应急技术等方面都有了很大的进展。另一方面,我们国家的应急工作也在绝大多数方面取得了可喜的进展和很大的成绩。我们应该在充分注意总结自己宝贵经验的同时,继续加强对国际上相关进展和经验的关注和研究,以使我国的核事故玫辐射应急能够在现有基础上再上一台阶。 相似文献
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根据国家有关核应急法规的要求,对秦山核电基地一址多堆、多堆型、多业主的应急计划和准备工作进行了探讨。着重讨论了秦山核电基地的应急计划编制的原则、事故源项、应急组织机构、应急通讯及应急设施等应急资源的合理配置等应急准备工作,为秦山核电基地的应急计划的编制和应急准备工作提供了技术依据。 相似文献