泡沫铝缓冲吸能评估及其特性

对泡沫铝缓冲吸能特性的评估方法进行了比较分析 ,明确了吸能效率曲线与理想吸能效率曲线的应用范围 ,为缓冲器的选材与设计提供了依据。同时还对四种密度的泡沫铝在动静态下的缓冲吸能特性进行了评估 ,研究表明 ,泡沫铝是一种优良的吸能材料。     

聚氨酯泡沫铝复合结构抗爆吸能试验及数值模拟分析

通过对聚氨酯泡沫铝和混凝土组成的复合结构进行接触爆炸试验,探讨了聚氨酯泡沫铝的吸能性能,并进行数值模拟分析。结果显示:聚氨酯泡沫铝的吸能性能明显优于泡沫铝,吸能层厚度对吸能效果影响很大,多层结构的聚氨酯泡沫铝吸能性能对比厚度一致的单层吸能层结构没有明显的改善;在保证了比较合理的吸能层厚度后,防护结构的每一层材料层存在着一个最佳的厚度组合来保证复合层优良的抗爆性能。     

横向冲击载荷下不同约束泡沫铝夹芯圆管的动态响应

以泡沫铝夹芯圆管为研究对象,采用数值模拟研究了横向冲击载荷作用下4种不同约束夹芯圆管的动态响应。研究了夹芯圆管的几何参数、冲击速度和芯层泡沫铝相对密度对夹芯圆管力学行为的影响,对比分析了不同约束条件对泡沫铝夹芯圆管变形模式和吸能性能的影响。结果表明:随着内管直径的减小、冲击速度的增大和芯层泡沫铝相对密度的增大,泡沫铝夹芯圆管的比吸能增大;内管壁厚的增加使无约束和倾斜约束下夹芯圆管的比吸能增大,对侧壁约束和组合约束下夹芯圆管的吸能影响不明显;采用一定的外部约束条件是提高泡沫铝夹芯圆管吸能性能的一种可行的方法。     

泡沫铝填充金属薄壁圆管侧向压缩的实验和理论

利用实验研究与理论分析相结合方法研究了泡沫铝填充金属薄壁圆管在准静态侧向压缩下的力学响应。基于能量法,建立了泡沫铝填充圆管和金属薄壁圆管在侧向均匀压缩时的瞬时侧向力、平均侧向力和总吸能的理论公式。对泡沫铝填充管与金属薄壁圆管进行了准静态侧向压缩实验,并且将实验结果与理论公式进行了对比,结果表明理论预测值与实验结果吻合较好。基于建立的理论分析模型,研究了管的几何尺寸以及泡沫铝材料的密度对结构的瞬时侧向力、平均侧向力、总吸能和比吸能的影响。结果表明,在准静态侧向压缩下,泡沫铝填充管的总吸能大于对应的金属薄壁圆管;泡沫铝填充管的侧向压缩力和总吸能随管长度、壁厚和直径的增加而增大;当填充材料泡沫铝密度增大时,填充管的总吸能与侧向压缩力均增加。     

泡沫铝冲击吸能器被动冲击隔离技术研究

对隔振系统中引入泡沫铝冲击吸能器进行探讨.首先,在综合考虑最大加速度和最大相对位移这2个影响舰船设备防护的重要指标情况下,对舰船单层隔振系统中引入泡沫铝冲击吸能器进行了理论分析,在此基础上进行了实验验证.通过实验结果可知,泡沫铝冲击吸能器能有效消除舰船设备的二次冲击.实验结果与理论结果吻合较好,可为泡沫铝冲击吸能器的应...     

泡沫铝填充金属薄壁圆管的实验和理论研究

利用实验研究与理论分析相结合的方法研究了泡沫铝填充金属薄壁圆管在准静态侧向压缩下的力学响应.基于能量法,建立了泡沫铝填充圆管和金属薄壁圆管在侧向均匀压缩时的瞬时侧向力、平均侧向力和总吸能的理论公式.对泡沫铝填充管与金属薄壁圆管进行了准静态侧向压缩实验,并且将实验结果与理论公式进行了对比,结果表明理论预测值与实验结果吻合较好.基于建立的理论分析模型,研究了管的几何尺寸以及泡沫铝材料的密度对结构的瞬时侧向力、平均侧向力、总吸能和比吸能的影响.结果表明,在准静态侧向压缩下,泡沫铝填充管的总吸能大于对应的金属薄壁圆管;泡沫铝填充管的侧向压缩力和总吸能随管长度、壁厚和直径的增加而增大;当填充材料泡沫铝密度增大时,填充管的总吸能与侧向压缩力均增加.     

开孔和闭孔泡沫铝的力学与吸能特性研究

研究泡沫铝的力学与缓冲吸能特性有助于其在武器、航天与航空等领域的广泛应用。通过对开孔和闭孔泡沫铝的实验研究发现:开孔和闭孔泡沫铝的应力-应变曲线都明显呈现出线弹性变形、塑性屈服(平台段)和致密化3个阶段;闭孔泡沫铝较开孔泡沫铝的平台段更加明显;闭孔泡沫铝的吸能效率较开孔泡沫铝的高,比开孔泡沫铝更适合作缓冲元件。     

“V型”约束下泡沫铝夹芯圆管的准静态横向压缩性能研究

论文对受“V型”约束泡沫铝夹芯管的准静态横压性能进行了实验研究,观察到三种失效模式包括整体屈服、芯材剪切和局部凹陷.分析了泡沫铝夹芯管的几何参数和横向约束夹角的角度对其失效模式和承载与吸能能力的影响.结果表明,泡沫铝芯材的厚度对三种模式的竞争具有重要影响;在准静态横向压缩下,泡沫铝夹芯管的承载与吸能能力大于对应的空管;泡沫铝夹芯管的承载与吸能能力随着外管直径的增加而增加,随着内管直径的增加而减小;“V型”约束夹角的角度越大,泡沫铝夹芯管的承载与吸能能力也越高.     

泡沫铝铜合金静态压缩力学行为和吸能性能的实验研究

通过静态压缩实验研究一种新型闭孔泡沫铝材料泡沫铝铜合金的静态压缩力学行为和吸能性能。对实验得到的一定密度范围内的材料的弹性模量E和平台应力pl关于相对密度进行曲线拟合,发现将Gibson等给出的开孔泡沫理论公式中的幂次常数修正为由实验确定的常数,可以给出一定密度范围的闭孔泡沫铝铜合金材料的弹性模量和平台应力与相对密度之间关系的一个较好的估计。采用比能-应力或比能-应变曲线,可以对不同密度的泡沫铝铜合金材料的吸能情况进行较为直观的比较和分析。该曲线对工程设计具有较好的指导意义。     

泡沫铝率相关本构模型及其在三明治夹芯板冲击吸能特性的应用研究

高孔隙率泡沫铝芯体三明治板具有轻质、高比刚度和减振吸能等优良的力学特性和物理特性,被广泛地应用于碰撞吸能部件上.近年来,高孔隙率泡沫铝在动态压缩下是否具有应变率敏感性成为广大学者的研究焦点.论文建立了横观各向同性率相关本构模型来描述高孔隙率泡沫铝的应变率效应,给出了有限元的计算步骤,基于ABAQUS/Explicit平...     

基于ALE方法的航行体高速入水缓冲降载性能数值研究

针对航行体高速入水过程中的降载问题,设计了缓冲组件模型,并采用有限元任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）的流固耦合方法,建立精确数值计算模型,对安装缓冲组件的航行体高速入水问题进行数值计算分析,获得入水过程中缓冲罩壳与缓冲泡沫的动态破坏过程及航行体运动参数,从而分析不同缓冲方案的缓冲性能。结果表明已设计的缓冲组件在航行体入水时能够吸收一定的冲击能量发生破坏并及时脱离航行体,同时缓冲泡沫的分层设计改变了缓冲罩壳的破坏方式,使罩壳破坏时间提前;撞水时在罩壳的头部与预设沟槽处会出现明显的应力集中,并且罩壳的沟槽设计能有效的引导其破坏形态,分层后的缓冲泡沫不易完全破坏,出现了二次缓冲的现象;缓冲组件使航行体入水速度曲线变化更加平缓,相同时间内航行体位移更大,分层缓冲泡沫方案降载率可达73.2%,缓冲效果较单层泡沫方案更好。     

A blast-tolerant sandwich plate design with a polyurea interlayer

This paper presents a study of both conventional and modified sandwich plate designs subjected to blast loads. The conventional sandwich Design (1) consists of thin outer (loaded side) and inner facesheets made of fibrous laminates, separated by a layer of structural foam core. In the modified Design (2), a thin polyurea interlayer is inserted between the outer facesheet and the foam core. Comparisons of the two designs are made during a long time period of 5.0 ms, initiated by a pressure impulse lasting 0.05 ms applied to a single span of a continuous plate. In the initial response period the overall deflections are limited and significant foam core crushing is caused in the conventional design by the incident compression wave. This type of damage is much reduced in the modified design, by stiffening of the polyurea interlayer under shock compression, which provides support to the outer facesheet and alters propagation of stress waves into the foam core. This benefits the long term, bending response and leads to significant reductions in facesheet strains and overall deflection. The total kinetic energy of the modified sandwich plate is much lower than that of a conventionally designed plate, and so is the stored and dissipated strain energy. Similar reductions are found when the conventional and the enhanced sandwich plates have equal overall thickness or equal total mass.     

Analytical modeling and finite element simulation of the plastic collapse of sandwich beams with pin-reinforced foam cores

Analytical predictions are presented for the plastic collapse strength of lightweight sandwich beams having pin-reinforced foam cores that are loaded in 3-point bending. Both polymer and aluminum foam cores are considered, whilst the facesheet and the pins are made of either composite or metal. Four different failure modes are account for: metal facesheet yield or composite facesheet microbuckling, facesheet wrinkling, plastic shear of the core, and facesheet indentation beneath the loading rollers. A micromechanics-based model is developed and combined with the homogenization approach to calculate the effective properties of pin-reinforced foam cores. To calculate the elastic buckling strength of pin reinforcements, the pin-reinforced foam core is treated as assemblies of simply supported columns resting upon an elastic foundation. Minimum mass design of the sandwich is then obtained as a function of the prescribed structural load index, subjected to the constraint that none of the above failure modes occurs. Collapse mechanism maps are constructed and compared with the failure maps of foam-cored sandwich beams without pin reinforcements. Finite element simulations are carried out to verify the analytical model and to study the performance and failure mechanisms of the sandwich subject to loading types other than 3-point bending. The results demonstrate that the weaker the foam is, the more optimal the pin-reinforced foam core becomes, and that sandwich beams with pin-reinforced polymer foam cores are structurally more efficient than foam- or truss-cored sandwich beams.     

闭孔泡沫铝泊松比及三轴压缩变形模式

在闭孔泡沫铝的唯象本构模型中, 泊松比是一个非常关键的参数, 为了探究闭孔泡沫铝泊松比变化规律研究结果存在分歧的原因, 认识闭孔泡沫铝泊松比变化规律中特征点的物理意义, 采用数值模拟方法, 建立了闭孔泡沫铝的3D-Voronoi模型及2D-Voronoi模型, 对模型进行侧面位移耦合单轴压缩边界条件下的仿真分析; 基于闭孔泡沫铝本构模型的唯象特性, 对闭孔泡沫铝变形模式的研究同样十分重要, 为明确其三轴压缩下的变形模式, 对闭孔泡沫铝的3D-Voronoi模型进行侧面位移受限轴向压缩边界条件下的仿真分析. 研究结果表明, 常规壳单元接触中的厚度减薄特性是闭孔泡沫铝泊松比变化规律的研究结论存在分歧的原因, 但厚度减薄不影响泡沫铝模型致密前胞孔结构的变形模式; 闭孔泡沫铝泊松比的准确变化规律为“增高?降低?再增高”的“S”型曲线, 并且, 曲线极大值对应闭孔泡沫铝吸能效率的增速下降点; 等比压缩应力状态下, 闭孔泡沫铝存在四种侧面变形模式, 分别为“(短期)压缩变形→膨胀变形”、“压缩变形→膨胀变形→压缩变形→膨胀变形”、“压缩变形→(短期)膨胀变形”及“压缩变形”.      

Aluminum foam-polymer hybrid structures (APM aluminum foam) in compression testing

The Advanced Pore Morphology (APM) process, a new method for production of aluminum foam-polymer hybrid materials, is described. Small volume aluminum foam spheres are produced first and then adhesively joined in a separate process step to realize an APM foam part. Detailed information on mechanical properties of this new hybrid material is given. Results of uniaxial and hydrostatic compression tests are summarized and evaluated to show how typical parameters characterizing material and process such as spatial arrangement, size and density of the foam elements influence the global properties. Two levels of the hierarchical architecture of the material are evaluated—namely the individual foam spheres and the hybrid structure. Variation of adhesives and adhesive coating thickness used in bonding the spheres in conjunction with study of unbonded specimens provides additional insight in the influence of this bond. First estimates on density dependence of mechanical properties are derived from the experimental data. Distinctive differences between APM and conventional aluminum foams are qualitatively explained. Throughout the study, AlSi7 aluminum foam produced from chemically identical precursor material according to the powder metallurgical FOAMINAL^® process is included as reference material.     

Fractional Flow Theory Applicable to Non-Newtonian Behavior in EOR Processes

The method of characteristics, or fractional-flow theory, is extremely useful in understanding complex Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes and in calibrating simulators. One limitation has been its restriction to Newtonian rheology except in rectilinear flow. Its inability to deal with non-Newtonian rheology in polymer and foam EOR has been a serious limitation. We extend fractional flow methods for two-phase flow to non-Newtonian fluids in one-dimensional cylindrical flow, where rheology changes with distance from injection well. The fractional flow curve is then a function of position and we analyze the characteristic equations for two applications—polymer and foam floods. For polymer flooding, we present a semi-analytical solution for the changing fractional flow curve where characteristics and shocks collide. The semi-analytical solution is shown to give good agreement with the finite-difference simulation thus helping us understand the development and resolution of shocks. We discuss two separate cases of foam injection with or without preflush. We observe that the fractional flow solutions are more accurate than finite-difference simulations on a comparable grid and hence the method can be used to calibrate simulators. For SAG (alternating-slug) foam injection, characteristics and shocks collide, making the fractional-flow solution complex. Nonetheless, one can solve exactly for changing mobility near the well, to greater accuracy than with conventional simulation. The fractional-flow method extended to non-Newtonian flow can be useful both for its insights for scale-up of laboratory experiments and to calibrate computer simulators involving non-Newtonian EOR. It can also be an input to streamline simulations.     

泡沫铝填充薄壁圆管的三点弯曲实验的数值模拟

泡沫金属填充薄壁结构的应用日趋广泛,建立合理的数值计算模型对结构设计和工程应用非常重要.该文通过对泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金圆管的三点弯曲实验的数值模拟,研究了它的力学行为.采用ABAQUS软件,建立了空管和泡沫铝全填充管的有限元模型,并对这两种结构在三点弯曲下的力学行为进行了数值模拟,所得结果与实验结果符合得较好.通过数值模拟分析了结构的承载机理和不同压头直径对结构承载能力的影响.此外,还研究了泡沫铝部分填充圆管的三点弯曲行为,分析了不同填充长度对结构承载能力的影响.     

Stability Analysis of Uniform Equilibrium Foam States for EOR Processes

The use of foam for mobility control is a promising mean to improve sweep efficiency in EOR. Experimental studies discovered that foam exhibits three different states (weak foam, intermediate foam, and strong foam). The intermediate-foam state is found to be unstable in the lab whereas the weak- and strong-foam states are stable. The model of Kam (Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 318(1–3): 62–77, 2008) is the only mechanistic foam model that can fit a variety of steady-state experimental data including multiple steady states. This model is modified from a previous mechanistic foam model to resolve the intrinsic instability of the strong-foam state. Simple finite-difference simulations have found that an arbitrary perturbation grows for the unstable intermediate foam but diminishes for the strong- and weak-foam states. The issue of the stability of foam states, especially the strong-foam state, is a serious concern in application of foam in EOR. Instabilities may rule out one or more states and consequently have considerable effect on reservoir sweep efficiency and injection pressure. Here, for the first time the stability of the various equilibrium foam states is investigated by an analytical stability-analysis method together with numerical simulations. We demonstrate the instability of most intermediate states, consistent with the laboratory observations. However, our analysis reveals an instability of the strong-foam state. We show that the diffusion, whether introduced artificially by the finite-difference scheme or representing physical dispersion, damps this instability. We obtain good agreement with finite-element simulations with and without additional diffusion. We also prove that all states are unconditionally stable for a local-equilibrium-foam model.     

负梯度闭孔泡沫金属的力学性能分析

运用三维Voronoi技术生成闭孔梯度泡沫模型,结合有限元分析方法模拟负梯度闭孔泡沫金属在不同冲击速度下的力学行为。结果表明,随着冲击速度的提高,得到了与均匀泡沫一样的三种变形模式：准静态模式,过渡模式和冲击模式。通过对名义应力应变曲线和变形模式的研究,提出了一种新的定义局部密实化应变的方法,并研究了相对密度和密度梯度对它的影响。分别建立了相对密度和密度梯度与冲击速度的变形模式图。通过引入密实化因子,确定了三种变形模式对应的临界冲击速度。最后讨论了不同冲击速度下,密度梯度大小对泡沫材料能量吸收能力的影响。结果表明,在高速冲击的变形初期,密度梯度的绝对值越大,泡沫材料的能量吸收能力越强。