SO/TiO2固体超强酸催化合成草酸二异戊酯的研究

以SO2-4-/TiO2固体超强酸为催化剂,由草酸和异戊醇为原料合成了草酸二异戊酯,考察了催化剂活化温度、原料配比和催化剂用量对反应的影响以及催化剂的重复使用性.结果表明,SO2-4-TiO2固体超强酸催化活性高、催化速率快、化学稳定性好,重复使用性佳、无环境污染;在最佳反应条件下,草酸二异戊酯收率达到99.7%,产品的质量分数都达到99.9%以上.     

固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2催化合成亚油酸乙酯

用两相滴定沉淀法制备了SO24-/TiO2固体超强酸催化剂,得到了适合亚油酸酯化的催化剂制备工艺条件:硫酸浸渍浓度0.75 mol/L,浸渍时间4 h,焙烧温度450℃,焙烧时间4 h.首次将该催化剂用于亚油酸的酯化反应催化合成亚油酸乙酯,考察了物料比、反应时间、催化剂用量对亚油酸与乙醇酯化反应的影响规律,最佳反应条件为:n(无水乙醇)/n(亚油酸)=4,w(催化剂)=3%(相对于亚油酸),反应时间8 h,亚油酸转化率可达93%.     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2催化合成亚油酸乙酯

用两相滴定沉淀法制备了SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸催化剂,得到了适合亚油酸酯化的催化剂制备工艺条件:硫酸浸渍浓度0 75mol/L,浸渍时间4h,焙烧温度450℃,焙烧时间4h。首次将该催化剂用于亚油酸的酯化反应催化合成亚油酸乙酯,考察了物料比、反应时间、催化剂用量对亚油酸与乙醇酯化反应的影响规律,最佳反应条件为:n(无水乙醇)/n(亚油酸)=4,w(催化剂)=3%(相对于亚油酸),反应时间8h,亚油酸转化率可达93%。     

固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2催化合成亚油酸乙酯

亚油酸乙酯具有抗癌、抗动脉硬化、调控代谢、增强机体免疫力，促进动物生长发育等性能，诸多方面的性能均优于目前使用的亚油酸，特别是作为防治脑血栓、动脉硬化等疾病的药物原料，表现出更优异的疗效，是亚油酸的替代品，在医药、食品、化妆品、饲料添加剂等领域有广阔的应用前景。     

SO/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

报道了以固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3为多相催化剂,通过环己酮和1,2-丙二醇反应合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,探讨SO2-4/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇量比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响.实验表明SO2-4-/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3是合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(酮)n(醇)=11.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0 h的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达84.2%.     

固体超强酸TiO2／SO4^2—催化合成已酸乙酯的研究

实验表明,在固体超强酸ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ４＾２－的用量占总投料量２％,酸醇比为１：２,反应时间为２小时时,产率可达７４．７０％。     

纳米级固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2催化合成棕榈酸乙酯

制备了SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸催化剂,应用TEN表征证明为纳米级,并用于催化棕榈酸和无水乙醇的酯化反应,与普通颗粒的SO42-/TiO2、活性炭固载磷钨杂多酸等固体超强酸催化剂比较,纳米级的SO42-/TiO2做酯化反应催化剂具有更高的催化活性。考察了原料醇酸的量比、反应的时间、催化剂的用量及其重复使用次数等工艺条件对合成棕榈酸乙酯的影响,并对合成的产物进行了熔点、红外光谱分析。酯化反应的最佳的工艺条件是:n(乙醇):n(棕榈酸)=9:l、m(催化剂):m(棕榈酸)=0.06:1、反应温度为80~83℃、反应时间为4 h,用3A分子筛和过量的乙醇代替有毒的有机带水剂除去反应生成的水,酯得率可达98.27%。产品经熔点和红外表征为高纯度的棕榈酸乙酯。本合成路线具有工艺简单,无污染,催化剂用量少并可多次重复使用等特点,符合绿色合成工艺。     

固体超强酸SO2-4-MoO3-TiO2催化合成己二酸二乙酯

制备了新型催化剂SO2-4-MoO3-TiO2,考察了该催化剂在己二酸二乙酯合成反应中的催化活性,优化条件下,己二酸二乙酯的收率达97%.优化条件如下:己二酸0.1mol,无水乙醇0.6mol,催化剂1.2g,带水剂环己烷15ml,回流温度下反应4h.     

SO4^2-/TiO2-La2O3固体超强酸催化合成乳酸乙酯

采用TiCl4和La（NO3）3·6H2O共沉淀法制备固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2-La2O3催化剂。制备条件为nTi/nLa比为8：1,-15℃陈化24h,120℃干燥12h,浸渍液硫酸浓度为0．5mol·L^-1,浸渍4h,120℃干燥1h,400℃焙烧4h的催化剂对乳酸与乙醇的酯化反应有较高的活性。将此催化剂用于乳酸和乙醇合成乳酸乙酯的酯化反应,考察了催化剂用量、乙醇和乳酸的物质的量的比、反应时间、带水剂环己烷的用量对酯化反应的影响。实验结果表明,醇酸物质的量的为2．0：1,催化剂用量为所用乳酸质量的1．4％,环己烷为乙醇体积的78％,反应时间4h条件下酯化产率达82％。催化剂易回收,使用寿命长的优点。     

新型固体超强酸催化合成苯乙酸乙酯

以稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-/ZrO2/La^3 为催化剂，苯乙酸和乙醇为原料合成苯乙酸乙酯，考察了影响反应的因素。如果表明：n(醇）：n(酸）＝3.5:1.0，催化剂用量为1.0g(苯乙酸为0.05mol的情况下）；反应时间为4.5h是最适宜的反应条件。酯化率达90.0%。     

稀土复合固体酸SO24-/TiO2/La3+催化合成马来酸二辛酯

研究了固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2/La3+用于合成马来酸二辛酯.并与硫酸对甲苯磺酸的催化效果比较.考察了Ti/La物质量比、硫酸浓度、焙烧温度对催化剂活性和反应时间对酯化反应的影响.结果表明:当Ti/La物质量比为6:1、浸渍液硫酸浓度为1.8 mol/L、在550℃下焙烧时具有最高的催化活性,用于马来酸酐和正辛醇的酯化反应可得无色透明的酯化产物,3 h内酯化率达96.9%.     

Preparation of poly(-caprolactone) grafted titanate nanotubes

This work reported for the first time the surface functionalization of titanate nanotubes (TNTs) with biodegradable poly(-caprolactone) (PCL). A “grafting from” approach based on in situ ring-opening polymerization of -caprolactone from TNTs with a special surface modification was adopted to prepare the PCL-g-TNTs. The thickness of the grafted PCL shell can be controlled by increasing reaction time. After grafted with PCL, both the dissolubility and flexibility of the tubes were greatly improved. The obtained PCL-g-TNTs can easily disperse in several organic solvents, and the dispersal stability depends on solvent polarity and PCL shell thickness. Furthermore, the PCL immobilized on the surface of TNTs still possessed a good biodegradable capacity and could be completely decomposed in the presence of Pseudomonas (PS) lipase. The PCL-g-TNTs reported here are promising in biotechnology applications due to good dissolubility, flexibility, biocompatibility and the tubular nano-structure.     

Synthesis of tadpole-shaped copolyesters based on living macrocyclic poly(-caprolactone)

Synthesis of an asymmetric tadpole-shaped aliphatic copolyester consisting of a poly(-caprolactone) ring and two poly(l-lactide) tails was reported for the first time. First, a high molecular weight cyclic PCL macroinitiator (M_n = 31,000) was prepared by intramolecular photocross-linking of “living” chains. Polymerization of l-lactide was resumed by the tin dialkoxide containing macrocycles, thus making the targeted tadpole-shaped copolyester available. A preliminary investigation of the crystallization of these copolyesters was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy.     

Proton transfer in acetonitrile: homo- and heteroassociation +N-bases and trimethyl-N-oxide

From electrometric measurements on protonated N-bases and trimethyl-N-oxide in acetonitrile (AN), the following constants have been determined: K_a for the acidic dissociation BH⁺ ? B + H⁺ and K_f for the homo- (or heteroassociation, BH⁺ + B (or R) ? BHB⁺ (or BHR⁺). The homoassociation constants of N-bases (log K_f ～ 2.5) do not provide any information about the effects of acidity. Trimethyl-N-oxide, (CH₃)₃NO, is different from other bases. It has a very high association constant (log K_f = 5.51) and the protonated form is five units of pKa higher in acidity than protonated N-bases with the same acidity in water.If both partners (BH⁺ + R) in heterocomplexes are aliphatic or aliphatic—aromatic the paH (C_BC_RH⁺) in the complexes is about three units higher than for complexes formed by two aromatic N-base molecules.     

Novel synthesis of -caprolactam from cyclohexanone-oxime via Beckmann rearrangement over mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-48

Vapor-phase synthesis of -caprolactam (-C) from cyclohexanone-oxime (CHO) has been studied at 1 atm and 300–400 °C using SiMCM-48 and AlMCM-48(X) with Si/Al molar ratios X in a fixed-bed, continuous flow reactor. The catalysts were characterized with ICP-AES, XRD, TEM, FT-IR, N₂-adsorption, ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR and TPD of ammonia. An increase of X value in AlMCM-48(X) enhances both the BET surface area and the unit cell parameter but diminishes the acid amount. In the reaction of CHO, benzene, toluene, ethanol and 1-hexanol were utilized as solvents. The CHO conversion increases with the reaction temperature, whereas the -C selectivity exhibits the opposite trend due to side reactions. The catalyst stability is greatly enhanced by using ethanol and 1-hexanol as the solvents due to their production of water vapor via dehydration. Excellent catalytic performance of AlMCM-48(10) is attained at 1 atm, 350 °C and W/Fc 74.6 g h/mol by using 1-hexanol in the feed; the CHO conversion and the -C selectivity exhibit higher than 99% and 90%, respectively, during at least 130 h process time.     

Efficient ring-opening polymerization of -caprolactone using anilido-imine–aluminum complexes in the presence of benzyl alcohol

A number of new anilido-imine–Al complexes ortho-C₆H₄(CHNAr¹)(NAr²)AlMe₂ [Ar¹ = C₆H₅, Ar² = C₆H₅ (2a); Ar¹ = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃, Ar² = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃ (2b); Ar¹ = 2,6-Et₂C₆H₃, Ar² = 2,6-Et₂C₆H₃ (2c); Ar¹ = 2,6-ⁱPr₂C₆H₃, Ar² = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃ (2d); Ar¹ = 2,6-ⁱPr₂C₆H₃, Ar² = 2,6-Et₂C₆H₃ (2e)] were synthesized, characterized and used as initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of -caprolactone in the presence of benzyl alcohol. The effect of initiator structure and reaction conditions, such as benzyl alcohol/Al molar ratio and reaction temperature on the reactivity, and polymer molecular weight were investigated. The polymerization of -caprolactone initiated by these complexes was found to take place in an immortal fashion.     

Enzymatic degradation of poly(propylene carbonate) and poly(propylene carbonate-co--caprolactone) synthesized via CO2 fixation

Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) and poly(propylene carbonate-co--caprolactone) (PPCCL) were synthesized via the zinc glutarate catalyzed copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and propylene oxide (PO) without and with -caprolactone (CL), respectively. In addition, poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) was prepared via the homopolymerization of CL with the aid of methyl triflate catalyst. The polymer products were characterized in terms of their chemical compositions, molecular weights, and thermal properties. Films of these polymers were tested with a series of enzymes (four different families and a total of 18 enzymes) in a phosphate buffer in order to characterize their enzymatic degradabilities. This is the first report demonstrating that PPC films exhibit positive enzymatic degradability with Rhizopus arrhizus lipase, esterase/lipase ColoneZyme A, and Proteinase K. Moreover, PPCCL films exhibited positive enzymatic degradability with most of the enzymes utilized in our study, and thus PPCCL has an enzymatic degradability comparable to that of PCL. In particular, the PPCCL films exhibit excellent enzymatic degradability with Pseudomonas lipase, Rhizopus arrhizus lipase, and esterase/lipase ColoneZyme A. Considering its excellent enzymatic degradability, the PPCCL terpolymer has potential biomedical applications. In conclusion, ZnGA-catalyzed copolymerizations of CO₂ and PO with or without CL are chemical fixation processes of CO₂ that can be used to produce enzyme-degradable aliphatic polymers.