广义球谐函数定积分计算方法的改进

运用球谐函数定积分的基本递推公式,推导了在重力场球谐综合与球谐分析中出现的广义球谐函数定积分的计算公式;给出了其适用于超高阶次的改良型递推公式.数值试验表明,该改良公式具有较高的计算精度和计算速度,解决了超高阶次广义球谐函数定积分计算的溢出问题,拓展了这类定积分的计算公式.他们的数值实现为利用位模型计算高分辨率扰动重力场元格网平均值、重力场球谐综合分析等奠定了基础.     

广义球谐函数定积分计算方法的改进

运用球谐函数定积分的基本递推公式，推导了在重力场球谐综合与球谐分析中出现的广义球谐函数定积分的计算公式；给出了其适用于超高阶次的改良型递推公式。数值试验表明，该改良公式具有较高的计算精度和计算速度，解决了超高阶次广义球谐函数定积分计算的溢出问题，拓展了这类定积分的计算公式。他们的数值实现为利用位模型计算高分辨率扰动重力场元格网平均值、重力场球谐综合分析等奠定了基础。     

超高阶全球地形球谐系数模型的构建方法与实现

针对10 800阶地形球谐系数模型构建的计算精度、计算稳定性及超大规模运算量等问题,本文首先通过比较分析矩形离散积分方法、Gauss-Legendre积分方法和Driscoll/Healy积分方法,验证了Driscoll/Healy积分方法具有更高的计算精度。然后,给出了改进的Belikov公式,将完全正常化缔和勒让德函数在全球范围内以优于10^-12精度高效、稳定递推至10 800阶;提出了联合FFT和基于OpenMP的多核并行方法求解超高阶球谐系数的优化策略,显著提高了球谐系数模型构建的计算效率。最后,利用Earth2014＿TBI与全球海底地形模型STO＿IEU2020格网数据建立了全球10 800阶地形球谐系数模型sph.10 800＿IEU,总体精度与Earth2014＿TBI2014.shc相当,在试验海域的相对精度略优于模型Earth2014＿TBI2014.shc。     

基于球谐分析的EMM-740的计算及实现

针对国内对高精度增强地磁场模型(enhanced magnetic model,EMM)在基于球谐分析时对阶数存在认知偏差、实现模型的软件研究较少以及计算精度不高等问题,考虑了地磁场7要素的关系,建立了基于球谐分析740阶次的EMM模型,给出了Schmidt半标准化缔合勒让德函数,给出了EMM模型的计算步骤,并用MATLAB实现EMM2015模型(2000～2019年)在地球上任意地磁场7要素的计算和等值线图的绘制,将计算值与美国国家海洋和大气管理局公布模型的运行数据进行误差对比分析,各元素的均方根偏差最大为0.86 nT或0.4′,比720阶的EMM模型的精度提高了3倍。结果表明,提供的EMM2015模型软件实现方法具有较高的计算精度,值得推广和应用。     

极空白对三类重力梯度边值问题球谐分析解的影响分析

就极空白对三类重力梯度边值问题球谐分析解的影响进行了定性探讨和定量分析,结果表明,基于球面边界的垂直-垂直重力梯度边值问题球谐分析解的零次项、垂直-水平重力梯度边值问题球谐分析解的一次项、水平-水平重力梯度边值问题球谐分析解的二次项受极空白问题的影响最为显著。     

椭球谐和球谐系数之间一个简单的转换关系

本文推导的椭球谐系数和球谐系数相互之间转换关系的核心思想是在ε~2量级下利用Legendre函数的正交性,从球谐系数求解的积分表示出发,将积分中的椭球坐标变量与球坐标变量相互转换,从而得出椭球谐系数与球谐系数之间的转换关系。本文导出的转换关系有以下优点:①对于第二类Legendre函数的计算采用Laurent级数表示,使计算第二类Legendre函数更为简单;②保留了ε~2量级下,导出的转换关系相比文献[2]的形式更简单,满足物理大地测量边值问题线性化的要求;③顾及了余纬和归化余纬的区别。     

全球电离层TEC的轮胎调和分析与预报

将轮胎调和分析引入电离层TEC的模型化过程中,建立了基于轮胎调和分析的电离层TEC球谐系数模型,并对该模型进行详细的验证和分析。结果表明,本文模型计算精度高,系数截断为15阶时,恢复误差全年统计不超过4%,且除南、北极区外球谐模型具有很好的适用性。然后对该模型系数的时间序列特性进行了函数估计：引入逐级余差建模方法,使用趋势函数、功率谱分析、ARMA模型对球谐系数的时间序列进行分析,找出了模型系数时间序列变化的规律,构建了预报模型,实现了基于模型系数的预报,并对预报系数的精度变化问题和系数本身短期预报的数据积累时间进行分析,最终通过TEC的预报,验证了模型的精度。     

计算低空扰动引力的模型方法比较

针对不同模型方法在低空扰动引力计算中的适用问题,该文选取我国某山地区域,分析比较球谐位系数模型法、点质量模型法和Stokes积分法在低空不同高度的扰动引力计算精度及效率;并且分析误差来源和个别改进办法。结果表明:点质量模型计算低空扰动引力精度较高,且速度最快;去奇异点的Stokes积分法可以解决低空积分时数值溢出的问题,但精度较低;球谐位系数模型法原理简单,但计算速度最慢。     

多种超高阶次缔合勒让德函数计算方法的比较

扩展高阶和超高阶重力场模型的构制与应用的数值稳定性取决于超高阶次缔合勒让德函数的计算方法。文中详细介绍了现有的多种缔合勒让德函数的递推计算方法:标准前向列推法、标准前向行推法、跨阶次递推法和Belikov列推法。从计算速度、计算精度和计算溢出问题3个角度分析比较了阶次高至2 160阶的各种方法的优劣。通过数值试验证明,Belikov列推法和跨阶次递推法是计算超高阶次缔合勒让德函数较优的方法,而其他几种方法不能用于超高阶次缔合勒让德函数的计算。文中结论为超高阶次球谐综合与球谐分析的数值计算提供了可靠的依据。     

基于径向泰勒级数展开的月球表面磁场快速球谐解算方法

在利用球谐模型解算月球起伏表面的磁场时,传统算法计算效率较低且存在不稳定性,因此提出一种基于球谐分析的径向泰勒级数展开法。首先采用450阶次的月球内源磁场球谐模型在月表地形起伏剧烈的背面区域进行不同泰勒级数展开次数范围以及不同平均半径的解算精度实验,验证了所提方法的有效性,并且通过与传统算法的对比证明了所提方法具有更高的计算效率和计算稳定性;然后将计算得到的月球全球起伏表面磁场分布与月球参考球面上的磁场分布进行了对比分析,结果表明,月表地形起伏面与参考球面上的磁场差异较大,磁场总强度在实际地形起伏面与参考球面上的差异和地形起伏呈现反相关性,磁场径向分量与地形起伏不存在相关性,这些说明月球内源磁场磁性载体埋深较浅且磁化方向并非径向。     

利用MPI并行算法实现球谐综合的效率分析

分析了求解地球重力场参量的球谐综合计算公式,引入数组预存再调用方法来避免传统算法中对cos（mλ）、sin（mλ）及勒让德函数的递推系数的重复计算问题,并结合MPI（message passing interface）并行技术来提高计算效率。实验采用2 160阶次的EGM2008模型,以DELL PowerEdge R730服务器和超算“天河二号”为计算平台,计算了分辨率1°和5'的网格重力异常。结果表明,数组预存再调用的方式减少了中央处理器（central processing unit,CPU）的计算工作量,但同时增加了内存的访问次数,适用于CPU性能一般而内存频率较高的计算平台。MPI并行技术可充分发挥计算机的多核优势,并在进程个数等于逻辑CPU的个数时获得最大加速比。     

Global spherical harmonic computation by two-dimensional Fourier methods

A method is presented for performing global spherical harmonic computation by two-dimensional Fourier transformations. The method goes back to old literature (Schuster 1902) and tackles the problem of non-orthogonality of Legendre-functions, when discretized on an equi-angular grid. Both analysis and synthesis relations are presented, which link the spherical harmonic spectrum to a two-dimensional Fourier spectrum. As an alternative, certain functions of co-latitude are introduced, which are orthogonal to discretized Legendre functions. Several independent Fourier approaches for spherical harmonic computation fit into our general scheme.     

Hotine's geopotential formulation: revisited

Hotine's (1969) partially nonsingular geopotential formulation is revisited to study its utility for the computation of geopotential acceleration and gradients from high degree and order expansions. This formulation results in the expansion of each Cartesian derivative of the potential in a spherical harmonic series of its own. The spherical harmonic coefficients of any Cartesian derivative of the potential are related in a simple manner to the coefficients of the geopotential. A brief overview of the derivation is provided, along with the fully normalized versions of Hotine's formulae, which is followed by a comparison with other algorithms of spherical harmonic synthesis on a CRAY Y-MP. The elegance and simplicity of Hotine's formulation is seen to lead to superior computational performance in a comparison against other algorithms for spherical harmonic synthesis.     

地磁场模型计算软件的可视化设计与实现

介绍了准正交化勒让德（Legendre）谛合函数的数学性质和地磁场球谐分析方法,设计了地球磁场的计算软件,发现了模型磁场可有效地为野外地磁测量提供参考比对。     

Spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis for global multiresolution applications

 On the Earth and in its neighborhood, spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis are standard mathematical procedures for scalar, vector and tensor fields. However, with the advent of multiresolution applications, additional considerations about convolution filtering with decimation and dilation are required. As global applications often imply discrete observations on regular grids, computational challenges arise and conflicting claims about spherical harmonic transforms have recently appeared in the literature. Following an overview of general multiresolution analysis and synthesis, spherical harmonic transforms are discussed for discrete global computations. For the necessary multi-rate filtering operations, spherical convolutions along with decimations and dilations are discussed, with practical examples of applications. Concluding remarks are then included for general applications, with some discussion of the computational complexity involved and the ongoing investigations in research centers. Received: 13 November 2000 / Accepted: 12 June 2001     

Transformation between surface spherical harmonic expansion of arbitrary high degree and order and double Fourier series on sphere

In order to accelerate the spherical harmonic synthesis and/or analysis of arbitrary function on the unit sphere, we developed a pair of procedures to transform between a truncated spherical harmonic expansion and the corresponding two-dimensional Fourier series. First, we obtained an analytic expression of the sine/cosine series coefficient of the \(4 \pi \) fully normalized associated Legendre function in terms of the rectangle values of the Wigner d function. Then, we elaborated the existing method to transform the coefficients of the surface spherical harmonic expansion to those of the double Fourier series so as to be capable with arbitrary high degree and order. Next, we created a new method to transform inversely a given double Fourier series to the corresponding surface spherical harmonic expansion. The key of the new method is a couple of new recurrence formulas to compute the inverse transformation coefficients: a decreasing-order, fixed-degree, and fixed-wavenumber three-term formula for general terms, and an increasing-degree-and-order and fixed-wavenumber two-term formula for diagonal terms. Meanwhile, the two seed values are analytically prepared. Both of the forward and inverse transformation procedures are confirmed to be sufficiently accurate and applicable to an extremely high degree/order/wavenumber as \(2^{30}\,{\approx }\,10^9\). The developed procedures will be useful not only in the synthesis and analysis of the spherical harmonic expansion of arbitrary high degree and order, but also in the evaluation of the derivatives and integrals of the spherical harmonic expansion.     

On the spherical and spheroidal harmonic expansion of the gravitational potential of the topographic masses

This paper is devoted to the spherical and spheroidal harmonic expansion of the gravitational potential of the topographic masses in the most rigorous way. Such an expansion can be used to compute gravimetric topographic effects for geodetic and geophysical applications. It can also be used to augment a global gravity model to a much higher resolution of the gravitational potential of the topography. A formulation for a spherical harmonic expansion is developed without the spherical approximation. Then, formulas for the spheroidal harmonic expansion are derived. For the latter, Legendre’s functions of the first and second kinds with imaginary variable are expanded in Laurent series. They are then scaled into two real power series of the second eccentricity of the reference ellipsoid. Using these series, formulas for computing the spheroidal harmonic coefficients are reduced to surface harmonic analysis. Two numerical examples are presented. The first is a spherical harmonic expansion to degree and order 2700 by taking advantage of existing software. It demonstrates that rigorous spherical harmonic expansion is possible, but the computed potential on the geoid shows noticeable error pattern at Polar Regions due to the downward continuation from the bounding sphere to the geoid. The second numerical example is the spheroidal expansion to degree and order 180 for the exterior space. The power series of the second eccentricity of the reference ellipsoid is truncated at the eighth order leading to omission errors of 25 nm (RMS) for land areas, with extreme values around 0.5 mm to geoid height. The results show that the ellipsoidal correction is 1.65 m (RMS) over land areas, with maximum value of 13.19 m in the Andes. It shows also that the correction resembles the topography closely, implying that the ellipsoidal correction is rich in all frequencies of the gravity field and not only long wavelength as it is commonly assumed.     

引力和垂线偏差的非奇异公式

基于$\frac{{{{\bar{P}}}_{nm}}\left( \cos \theta \right)}{\sin \theta }\left( m>0 \right)$的非奇异递推公式,给出了基于球坐标的引力矢量和垂线偏差非奇异计算公式;针对极点λ可任意取值引起的地方指北坐标系方向的不确定性问题,证明了引力矢量在转换到地心直角坐标系后不随λ的变化而变化,即与λ的取值无关。最终的数值计算结果表明,直角坐标系下的非奇异计算公式与本文提出的球坐标下的非奇异计算公式所得计算结果绝对值差异小于10-16m/s2,证明了该非奇异公式的正确性。最后总结了所有引力位球函数一阶导、二阶导非奇异性计算的一般思路。