W形金属密封环回弹与密封性能研究

利用ANSYS分析W形金属密封环的压缩回弹性能和密封性能,得出W形金属密封环的压缩量与压紧力的关系;讨论加卸载过程中合金基体与银层的等效塑性应变分布情况并分析密封机制。通过正交试验,分析壁厚、波高、波峰半径、波谷半径等结构参数对密封环回弹性能和密封性能的影响规律。结果表明:W形环具有高回弹量和良好的自紧密封功能;加载压缩量达到10%时,合金基体的波谷区域开始出现塑性应变;镀银层在加载时的塑性流动,是能够实现密封的必要条件;壁厚和波高是对W形环综合性能影响最主要的参数;波谷半径过大将导致W形环密封性能难以保证,在改进设计中应避免。     

金属O形环力学性能仿真分析与试验验证

金属O形环的力学性能对于密封系统的强度设计、密封性、可靠性等有着直接影响。为研究金属O形环的力学性能,以核反应堆压力容器用金属O形环为研究对象,考虑密封环的复合结构、材料弹塑性特征和工况条件,采用有限元方法建立O形环力学性能仿真模型,分析密封环的压缩回弹特性、应力应变特征、接触特性以及银层的作用,并进行相关试验验证。结果表明:该有限元模型计算结果与试验结果具有良好的一致性;压缩率过大或过小都将导致其密封性能下降;整个压缩回弹过程可分为弹性变形、塑性变形、法兰接触及回弹4个阶段,O形环的回弹补偿性能由其压缩率决定;镀银层对于O形环接触压力分布起到了均化作用,而对总体的压缩回弹特性影响不大。     

C形环在超高压大直径容器密封上的适应性研究

在超高压、大尺寸等恶劣工作环境下,常规密封件容易出现严重变形、强度不够和泄漏等问题,难于满足性能要求。为此选用C形密封环为对象,开展其在超高压大直径密封背景下的适应性研究。建立C形密封环的二维轴对称仿真模型,采用有限元方法分析有银层和无银层C形密封环的压缩回弹特性;分析C形密封环在定常和变量条件下Mises应力与接触应力变化规律,研究不同压缩量和外压对密封特性的影响。模拟结果与试验数据相近,验证了模型的准确性。结果表明:银层对C形密封环的压缩特性影响较小;包覆层回弹能力明显差于弹簧层,在超高压环境下包覆层更易达到极限强度,较弹簧层更易损坏;径向压缩量在0.65～0.85 mm范围内时,密封环具有良好的安全性和密封性能。研究表明,C形密封环在超高压大直径容器中具有良好的适应性,满足超高压密封要求。     

反应堆压力容器用C形密封环的选型设计研究

为开展某四代核电站反应堆压力容器C形密封环设计选型，针对2种以316L为密封层材料的C形环设计方案，分别建立了三维弹塑性有限元分析模型，模型中综合考虑了弹簧丝螺旋效应及接触摩擦的影响。基于所建模型，对C形环的密封特性进行了仿真分析，得到了设计压缩量线载荷、总回弹量及有效回弹量等关键性能参数，并将计算结果与传统的以纯银为密封层材料且带有包覆层的C形环进行了比较，最终给出了C形环设计方案的选型建议。     

异形结构弹性金属密封环力学特性数值研究

为对比不同结构弹性金属密封环的力学特性,建立弹性金属密封环力学特性数值模型,在验证数值模型准确性的基础上,对比分析O形、C形、U形和W形4种结构密封环的变形特性、轴向刚度和回弹性能,并分析进出口压差、温度和结构形式对轴向刚度的影响。研究结果表明:在压缩复位工况下,U形和W形环具有良好的回弹性能,C形环的回弹性能适中,而O形环的回弹性能较差;在高温高压工况下,弹性金属密封环轴向刚度随着温度的增加而减小,进出口压差对弹性金属密封环轴向刚度的影响不大,4种结构密封环的轴向刚度由大至小依次为O形、C形、W形和U形;在相同压缩量条件下,高温高压工况相比于压缩复位工况,弹性金属密封环的最大应力值更小,但应力值超过屈服强度的区域更大,结构更容易失效。通过对比4种结构密封环发现,O形环适用于高载荷低回弹的工况,U形和W形环适用于低载荷高回弹的工况,而C形环的性能适中。     

CPR1000核反应承压容器C形环密封特性仿真分析方法研究

建立核反应承压容器C形环1∶13缩比模型,综合考虑弹簧丝螺旋效应、弹塑性、大变形、接触多重非线性及耦合效应,对C形环密封特性进行仿真分析,得到缩比模型压缩回弹密封特性曲线、有效回弹量及总回弹量等关键性能参数。C形环缩比模型有限元数值模拟结果与实际数据趋势相同,验证了分析方法及计算模型的合理性。以此为基础,提出实际尺寸C形环仿真分析方法,分析得到其密封特性参数及曲线。实际尺寸C形环各项性能指标仿真结果与缩比模型仿真结果非常接近,为论证实际尺寸C形环的密封特性及其工程应用提供了依据。     

弹簧结构参数对赋能型金属C形环力学行为及密封性能的影响

为研究核电站上赋能型金属C形环的内置弹簧圈的结构参数对密封性能的影响,建立C形环三维弹塑性有限元分析模型,通过实验验证该理论模型的可靠性,并分析弹簧结构参数(包括簧圈节距、簧丝线径和弹簧中径等)对C形环力学行为和密封性能的影响。结果表明:对于百万千瓦级核反应堆压力容器用金属C形密封,其簧圈节距、簧丝线径和弹簧中径分别控制在1.9~2.0 mm、1.7~1.8 mm和8.3~10.7 mm范围内时可保证C形环具有较好的密封性能;气密性实验验证上述结果的正确性,同时C形环压缩变形后密封面较平整,表层无裂纹、局部脱落或起皮等不良现象,满足工程使用要求。     

合金覆层厚度对反应堆压力容器用金属C型环密封性能的影响

赋能型金属C型密封环是保障核电站安全运营至关重要的基础部件,其组成部件之一的合金覆层的厚度将会影响C型环的密封性能。在建立C型环三维弹塑性有限元分析模型的基础上,通过实验验证了理论模型的可靠性,详细分析了合金覆层厚度对C型环力学性能和密封性能的影响。结果表明:在同一压缩量下,合金覆层越厚C型环刚度略大但它对回弹特性无明显影响;而合金覆层厚度过小时,塑性应变值较大,不利于C型环的密封;相反,合金覆层厚度越大,接触应力分布也越均匀,但过厚的合金覆层会导致密封面起皱;对于百万千瓦级核反应堆压力容器(RPV)用金属C型密封环,为保证良好的密封效果,工程上宜推荐合金层厚度在0.5 mm~0.7 mm范围内才能确保C型环具备较好的密封性能。     

牙轮钻头单金属密封性能分析及结构创新

针对石油钻采过程中牙轮钻头密封易失效的问题，在ANSYS Workbench软件中建立单金属密封模型并进行有限元分析，研究其预装配以及环境压力2个载荷步下的整体密封状态。分析不同环境压力、装配位移、O形圈硬度、静环尺寸等重要参数对动密封面以及橡胶圈表面接触压力的影响。数值模拟结果表明：动密封面接触压力呈线性分布，保证了良好的内外压差；橡胶圈两侧接触压力为33 MPa，支撑环处接触压力达到37 MPa，满足密封要求。为改善静环外侧易磨损导致密封失效的问题，对静环和支撑环结构进行创新，增加O形圈与支撑环之间的接触面积。结果表明：新结构的动密封面接触压力呈矩形分布，在保证了密封效果的前提下解决了静环易变形磨损的问题；静环支撑环之间的接触压力由37 MPa提高至55 MPa，同时增加了静环底部接触面的接触压力，有效地提高了单金属的密封性能。     

液体火箭发动机U形环密封界面优化设计

U形密封环是液体火箭发动机常用的一种密封结构,其密封性能是决定发动机可靠性的关键因素。为研究U形环的密封机制,改善其整体结构的密封性能,构建U形环密封结构的有限元分析模型,分析常温预紧工况和低温工作工况下密封环的密封性能。结果表明：相对于常温（20 ℃）预紧工况,低温（-183 ℃）工作工况下U形环密封面的有效接触宽度和接触应力更大,但仍存在密封面接触不充分的问题。采用密封界面形貌的优化设计方法对U形环密封界面进行优化设计,优化后U形环密封面从平坦形貌变为非平坦的非线性形貌,低温工作工况下U形环密封面的有效接触宽度增加了138%,接触应力分布均匀程度提升了99%,密封面的有效接触宽度大幅增加,接触应力分布的均匀性大幅改善,整体结构的密封性能显著提升。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.