转型社会新资本体系结构

在20世纪的最后20年至新世纪的最初10年间,曾经视资本为仇敌的大多数中国人不得不重新面对在市场体制下发挥着巨大作用的经济资本。与人类生活领域的急剧分化相对应,重新登上现实生活舞台并与人们发生互动的资本的类别也日益增多,不同类别资本间的关系也日趋复杂化。社会科学研究的任务就是要从中国社会转型的实际出发,研究不同资本类别所包含的核心要素及其作用范围,确定影响人类生活的核心资本形态,并建构和塑造合理的资本结构模型。     

Green social work and its implications for social development in China

Green social work has been significant in introducing new issues into environmental debates and increasing its centrality to social work practice. These have included: the mainstreaming of environmental considerations; a widening of the theoretical and practice base to ensure that social and environmental justice are considered integral to any environmental involvement by social workers; highlighting the need to think of innovative approaches to socio-economic development; and making disaster interventions core elements in the social work repertoire of knowledge, skills, capacity building and curriculum formulation. This paper considers the challenges of China’s rapid industrialisation and its implications for rural people migrating into cities, the urban populations that receive them and environmental degradation. It introduces the idea of green social work and discusses the implications of green social work for social development in China in the context of environmental crises precipitated by the country’s rapid economic development.     

系统性建构:走向可持续城市化——对威廉·里斯可持续发展城市思想的评析与补充

文章在世界著名生态学家威廉·里斯相关思想的基础上,探讨城市如何实现可持续发展问题。首先论述里斯教授关于城市实现可持续发展思想对我国的启迪意义,其次补论我国城市实现可持续发展必须注重的几个环节,然后,对里斯教授关于城市实现可持续发展思想的相关前提条件提出几点想法。     

气候变化、生态系统及社会可持续发展

温室效应造成了对人类生存不利的气候变化,引发的各种自然灾害已经严重制约了人类社会的可持续发展,社会经济发展与社会生活的代价越来越高。以包括气候环境在内的自然生态为前提和依据的生态系统化的社会价值意识为指导,自然科学及其技术与社会科学及其技术相互配合、相互支持,形成合力,才可能有效扭转气候变化与生态变化对人类社会生存和发展的不利趋势,这是实现社会可持续发展的关键。     

生态产业与城市郊区生态经济系统优化

发展生态产业对增加郊区的经济承载量、保护郊区的生态环境、提高郊区产品的竞争力、培育郊区居民的生态文化素质等方面有着重要的作用,是郊区进行生态经济系统优化的必然选择;郊区应从产业规划、市场营销、环境管理、招商引资政策等方面促进生态产业发展.     

A praxis and Research Agenda for Multicultural Human Services Organizations

Human services organizations in the United States are currently faced with the problems of a diminishing and shifting resource base coupled with increasing demands for services. In addition, national demographic changes with increasing social diversity, and a rise in racial, ethnic, gender and other group-based tensions have posed special challenges for human service organizations. By tracing the history of social work approaches to working with ethnic minorities, this paper argues that responses to environmental flux have in fact been inadequate in addressing issues of social inequalities and injustices. We articulate a vision of socially just and diverse human services organizations that are both empowering and empowered. We call these Multicultural Human Services Organizations (MHSO). We spell out praxis and research agendas that continue the social justice-social diversity mission that is central to our vision.     

Overcoming Obstacles to Cooperation in Interdisciplinary Long Term Care Teams

This paper outlines several common problem areas in long term care interdisciplinary teams: the team's institutional context, leadership, goals, communications, and relationships within the teams. Suggestions made for circumventing or overcoming identified obstacles include: assessing organizational support, adopting a more constructive conceptualization of leadership, exercises for reaching goal consensus, and several team development activities addressing communication and relationships among team members.     

Can a Sector‐Wide Approach Underpin and Advance Universal Health Coverage?

Fragmented management approach makes the provision of comprehensive health care for achieving universal health coverage very unlikely. This article aims to explore the potential contribution of a systemic approach—the sector‐wide approach (SWAp)—to achieving universal health coverage (UHC), using the Mongolian context as an example. The paper describes UHC and factors that hinder its achievement in developing countries, based on the Mongolian experience. The analysis focuses on the root factors hindering the achievement of UHC and examines how these affect system and local capacity critical for achieving UHC. Two principally different approaches, a sector‐wide (holistic) approach and a standalone project (fragmented) approach are compared in terms of their contribution to the main indicators of achieving UHC. The current stage of the Mongolian health SWAp is identified and early rewards of a SWAp are presented. The paper proposes a SWAp as a potential approach to tackle these root factors to help in achieving UHC, because it is a promising instrument that promotes a systems‐strengthening and capacity‐building approach to enable effective coordination of standalone projects in alignment with the national priorities.     

论科学发展观下的生态伦理观

科学发展观下的生态伦理观是可持续发展伦理的全部意蕴,它体现着社会主义市场运作主体的科学素养、行为规范和道德水平。坚持实践的观点和历史唯物主义的观点,树立科学的发展观,应把社会实践作为人与自然协调的基石,以人为本作为人与社会发展的根本取向,以统筹兼顾作为生态文明与社会持续发展的理路,修正市场主体的生态价值意识,以提高人类生态伦理道德素质的崭新内容。     

气象灾害的人类学研究途径——兼论应对气候变化视角下生态文明建设的文化内涵

气象灾害的人类学研究途径是灾害人类学研究的一个重要方法,是在气象灾害的“组织一制度”研究途径和“政治一社会”研究途径基础上发展起来的以文化回应为主线的新型气象灾害研究途径。结合我国气象灾害的实际,可以将气象灾害的人类学研究内容归纳为三个方面：气象灾害类型学的文化诠释,气象灾害应急、救灾中的文化应对和适应,气象灾害恢复、重建过程中的文化恢复、变迁和构建。气象灾害的人类学研究应综合运用追踪调查、田野调查和灾害民族志等方法。在应对气候变化视角下进行生态文明建设,要在应对气候变化的背景下审视生态文明,在解决气候危机的基础上引入生态文明,在人类文化回应的主线上建设生态文明,在理论与实践的互动中发展生态文明。     

Nested or Networked? Future Directions for Ecological Systems Theory

Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory (EST) is among the most widely adopted theoretical frameworks for studying individuals in ecological contexts. In its traditional formulation, different levels of ecological systems are viewed as nested within one another. In this article, we use Simmel's notion of intersecting social circles and Bronfenbrenner's earlier writing on social networks to develop an alternative ‘networked’ model that instead views ecological systems as an overlapping arrangement of structures, each directly or indirectly connected to the others by the direct and indirect social interactions of their participants. We redefine each of the systems discussed by EST—micro, meso, exo, macro, and chrono—based on patterns of social interaction, and then illustrate how this alternative model might be applied in the classic context of the developing child. We conclude by discussing future directions for how the networked model of EST can be applied as a conceptual framework, arguing that this approach offers developmental researchers with a more precise and flexible way to think about ecological contexts. We also offer some initial suggestions for moving a networked EST model from theory to method.