Getting the most from your enterprise architecture

It should be clear that many things drive an enterprise architecture's (EAs) value and that the EA effort provides you only the opportunity to create value. Organizations that have discovered this the hard way may be saddled with a failing EA. It is not necessarily too late to revive it. By improving the architecting process, strengthening your chief architect's competencies, or refining the architecture products, you will eventually reenergize the EA and make it successful. The value assessors give you an idea of the work involved, but they are only a framework. How much value an organization actually gets from its architecture depends on many factors. Nonetheless, knowing what makes an architecture valuable will provide you with a solid foundation for the difficult job ahead     

Application of knowledge-based approaches in software architecture: A systematic mapping study

ContextKnowledge management technologies have been employed across software engineering activities for more than two decades. Knowledge-based approaches can be used to facilitate software architecting activities (e.g., architectural evaluation). However, there is no comprehensive understanding on how various knowledge-based approaches (e.g., knowledge reuse) are employed in software architecture.ObjectiveThis work aims to collect studies on the application of knowledge-based approaches in software architecture and make a classification and thematic analysis on these studies, in order to identify the gaps in the existing application of knowledge-based approaches to various architecting activities, and promising research directions.MethodA systematic mapping study is conducted for identifying and analyzing the application of knowledge-based approaches in software architecture, covering the papers from major databases, journals, conferences, and workshops, published between January 2000 and March 2011.ResultsFifty-five studies were selected and classified according to the architecting activities they contribute to and the knowledge-based approaches employed. Knowledge capture and representation (e.g., using an ontology to describe architectural elements and their relationships) is the most popular approach employed in architecting activities. Knowledge recovery (e.g., documenting past architectural design decisions) is an ignored approach that is seldom used in software architecture. Knowledge-based approaches are mostly used in architectural evaluation, while receive the least attention in architecture impact analysis and architectural implementation.ConclusionsThe study results show an increased interest in the application of knowledge-based approaches in software architecture in recent years. A number of knowledge-based approaches, including knowledge capture and representation, reuse, sharing, recovery, and reasoning, have been employed in a spectrum of architecting activities. Knowledge-based approaches have been applied to a wide range of application domains, among which “Embedded software” has received the most attention.     

Architecting cloud‐enabled systems: a systematic survey of challenges and solutions

The literature on the challenges of and potential solutions to architecting cloud‐based systems is rapidly growing but is scattered. It is important to systematically analyze and synthesize the existing research on architecting cloud‐based software systems in order to build a cohesive body of knowledge of the reported challenges and solutions. We have systematically identified and reviewed 133 papers that report architecture‐related challenges and solutions for cloud‐based software systems. This paper reports the methodological details, findings, and implications of a systematic review that has enabled us to identify 44 unique categories of challenges and associated solutions for architecting cloud‐based software systems. We assert that the identified challenges and solutions classified into the categories form a body of knowledge that can be leveraged for designing or evaluating software architectures for cloud‐based systems. Our key conclusions are that a large number of primary studies focus on middleware services aimed at achieving scalability, performance, response time, and efficient resource optimization. Architecting cloud‐based systems presents unique challenges as the systems to be designed range from pervasive embedded systems and enterprise applications to smart devices with Internet of Things. We also conclude that there is a huge potential of research on architecting cloud‐based systems in areas related to green computing, energy efficient systems, mobile cloud computing, and Internet of Things. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多线程计算模型、体系结构与编译技术

1 引言在过去的30年里,计算机体系结构经历了长足的发展,超标量、超流水线、VLIW等先进思想显著地提高了计算机的性能,但这些单线程的体系结构在提高指令级并行度方面也面临着巨大的困难。多线程体系结构被认为是一种提高并行度的有效模型,它结合了数据流结构和传统的冯·诺依曼控制流结构,既保持了指令执行的高性能,又实现了处理器的高     

Using Patterns to Capture Architectural Decisions

Throughout the software design process, developers must make decisions and reify them in code. The decisions made during software architecting are particularly significant in that they have system-wide implications, especially on the quality attributes. However, architects often fail to adequately document their decisions because they don't appreciate the benefits, don't know how to document decisions, or don't recognize that they're making decisions. This lack of thorough documentation. This paper provides information about a decision's rationale and consequences, architecture patterns can help architects better understand and more easily record their decisions.     

基于历史的服务与数据SOA架构研究

从企业信息系统发展的现状出发,结合面向服务架构的基本思想,提出一种使用历史信息统一管理企业服务和企业数据的架构．并对该架构的基本组成以及它能够带来的益处进行一定的阐述。     

Architecting multimedia environments for teaching

Thus far, developers have created only partial solutions for using computational equipment in education. Research must focus more effort on developing architectures capable of combining technologies that target the classroom and that allow specifying "what" rather than "how" tasks should be done. The difficult task of architecting multimedia environments for teaching must start with a needs analysis. The most challenging task involves warranting reliability on the one hand, while accommodating opportunities for innovation on the other. Thus, we propose building a reliable, ubiquitous, adaptable, and easy-to-use technology-integrating black box. Placing this system atop a service-oriented component model implemented on a platform-independent layer such as a virtual machine provide the adaptability developers need. Loosely coupled components accommodate a nonmonolithic approach and ease reuse. By reusing and enhancing components, the system become increasingly reliable, while a building-block architecture keep it manageable.     

Patch Management

Imagine this scenario. As a security manager for your organization, your responsibilities include analyzing and applying patches to all Windows servers across the enterprise. Your process is going to each machine and manually evaluating what patches are missing and installing the most critical security patches as soon as possible. How long does this take? One hour per server? Two hours? Maybe more? How many patches are critical? How often do you do it? And, how many servers do you have? It doesn’t take long to do the math to realize that your battle may be a futile one to keep up with the most critical, let alone every, patch that’s released.     

RCDA: Architecting as a risk- and cost management discipline

We propose to view architecting as a risk- and cost management discipline. This point of view helps architects identify the key concerns to address in their decision making, by providing a simple, relatively objective way to assess architectural significance. It also helps business stakeholders to align the architect's activities and results with their own goals. We examine the consequences of this point of view on the architecture process. The point of view is the basis of RCDA, the Risk- and Cost Driven Architecture approach. So far, more than 150 architects have received RCDA training. For a majority of the trainees, RCDA has a significant positive impact on their architecting work.     

基于EJB组件技术的钢铁企业生产管理系统模型结构的研究

近年来，随着EJB技术的不断发展和完善，越来越多的企业采用EJB体系结构来构建他们的管理系统。根据钢铁企业生产管理系统的特点，介绍了一个基于EJB组件技术的生产管理系统模型的建立。     

基于多核架构的安全漏洞分析平台研究

军工数字制造网络安全漏洞分析存在漏洞信息难以获取、分析和验证耗时长而且精度低等问题,传统的企业信息安全漏洞分析、测试验证技术不能够完全解决该问题,所以提出了基于多核架构的漏洞分析、验证、测补技术平台.将漏洞探测与分析技术、启发式漏洞渗透性测试技术、动态临时补丁生成和安装技术与基于多核处理器的软件架构相结合,实现漏洞分析...     

Management and enterprise architecture click: The FAD(E)E framework

Enterprises are living things. They constantly need to be (re-)architected in order to achieve the necessary agility, alignment and integration. This paper gives a high-level overview of how companies can go about doing ‘enterprise architecture’ in the context of both the classic (isolated) enterprise and the Extended Enterprise. By discussing the goals that are pursued in an enterprise architecture effort we reveal some basic requirements that can be put on the process of architecting the enterprise. The relationship between managing and architecting the enterprise is discussed and clarified in the FAD(E)E, the Framework for the Architectural Development of the (Extended) Enterprise. Frank G. Goethals completed his Master studies in economics (option informatics), at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, in 2000. He is presently researching for a Ph.D. under the theme of `Managing data in the Extended Enterprise'. This research is conducted at the K.U.Leuven under the guidance of professor J. Vandenbulcke, and is financed by SAP Belgium. Frank has a strong interest in coordination and dependency theory and Enterprise Architecture. Monique Snoeck obtained her Ph.D. in May 1995 from The Department of Computer Science of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven with a thesis that lays the formal foundations of the object-oriented business modelling method MERODE. Since then she has done further research in the area of formal methods for object-oriented conceptual modelling. She now is Full Professor with the Management Information Systems Group of the Faculty of Economics and Applied Economics at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium. She has been involved in several industrial conceptual modelling projects. Her research interests are object oriented conceptual modelling, software architecture and software quality. Wilfried Lemahieu holds a Ph.D. from the Department of Applied Economic Sciences of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium (1999). At present, he is associate professor at the Management Informatics research group of the Faculty of Economics and Applied Economics. His teaching includes Database Management, Data Storage Architectures and Management Informatics. His research interests comprise distributed object architectures and web services, object-relational and object-oriented database systems and hypermedia systems. Jacques A. Vandenbulcke is professor at the Faculty of Economics and Applied Economics of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. His main research interests are in Database management, Data modelling, and Business Information Systems. He is co-ordinator of the Leuven Institute for Research on Information Systems (LIRIS) and holder of the SAP-chair on ‘Extended enterprise infrastructures’. He is president of ‘Studiecentrum voor Automatische Informatieverwerking (SAI)’, the largest society for computer professionals in Belgium, and co-founder of the ‘Production and Inventory Control Society (PICS)’ in Belgium.     

Quality requirements engineering for systems and software architecting: methods, approaches, and tools

Requirements engineering and software architecture are quite mature software engineering sub-disciplines, which often seem to be disconnected for many reasons and it is difficult to perceive the impact of functional and non-functional requirements on architecture and to establish appropriate trace links for traceability purposes. In other cases, the estimation of how non-functional requirements, as the quality properties a system should pose, is not perceived useful enough to produce high-quality software. Therefore, in this special issue, we want to highlight the importance and the role of quality requirements for architecting and building complex software systems that in many cases require multidisciplinary engineering techniques, which increases the complexity of the software development process.     

Advanced quality prediction model for software architectural knowledge sharing

In the field of software architecture, a paradigm shift is occurring from describing the outcome of architecting process to describing the Architectural Knowledge (AK) created and used during architecting. Many AK models have been defined to represent domain concepts and their relationships, and they can be used for sharing and reusing AK across organizations, especially in geographically distributed contexts. However, different AK domain models can represent concepts that are different, thereby making effective AK sharing challenging. In order to understand the mapping quality from one AK model to another when more than one AK model coexists, AK sharing quality prediction based on the concept differences across AK models is necessary. Previous works in this area lack validation in the actual practice of AK sharing. In this paper, we carry out validation using four AK sharing case studies. We also improve the previous prediction models. We developed a new advanced mapping quality prediction model, this model (i) improves the prediction accuracy of the recall rate of AK sharing quality; (ii) provides a better balance between prediction effort and accuracy for AK sharing quality.     

软件工程CDIO“五位一体”实践教学体系

为更好地培养与企业要求相符的软件人才,解决软件人才培养中工程能力与创新能力较低等问题,本文通过分析软件人才培养的目标与方法,提出构建五位一体CDIO的实践教学体系。通过教学理念、实践主体、实践过程、实践层次以及实践培养评价机制五个方面的实践教学改革,着重研究了实践教学主体CDIO能力培养、工程化教学课程体系以及评价机制。     

基于SOA的制造业MRPⅡ系统的研究与实现

随着制造资源计划(MRPⅡ)在制造行业的推广和应用,如何设计一个业务敏捷的MRPⅡ系统已经成为一种发展趋势。本文依据某制造企业的实际情况,结合面向服务构架(SOA)理念,设计出一种基于SOA的MRPⅡ系统的实现方案,着重研究了生产管理模块的设计与实现,详细分析生产管理的主要模块如MRP计算等,最后详细介绍了该系统4层架构的实现。     

面向服务体系结构及其系统构建研究

面向服务的体系结构(SOA)是一种新兴的软件体系结构,详细分析了SOA的基本结构和特点,比较了SOA同面向对象体系结构的不同之处,并结合一个实例给出了架构SOA系统的方法,描述了从基于组件设计方法过渡到面向服务设计方法的 过程。     

大数据背景下企业级数据中心建设探索

移动互联网时代,用户的消费行为产生了海量数据,在此背景下,电信运营商如何及时、准确地挖掘出有价值的信息,以便顺利开展针对客户的各类有效营销,需要强大的支撑系统,传统经营分析系统在大数据处理方面面临瓶颈,企业级数据中心应运而生。本文从现状出发,提出了企业级数据中心体系结构以及分阶段的建设思路。     

基于速度矢量可行度的移动机器人多行为综合决策方法

为了提高机器人对真实环境的适应能力,基于行为思想越来越多地被用于自主机器 人的在线运动决策．由此,产生了多行为综合管理问题．本文分析了常用的基于矢量合成的 并行行为的综合方法．在此基础上,提出基于速度矢量可行度的自主移动机器人多行为综合 决策方法．该方法可较完整地保留子行为的决策意图,得到更合理的行为综合结果．