黄芪甲苷通过激活自噬抑制缺氧缺糖/复氧复糖诱导的PC12细胞凋亡

目的研究黄芪甲苷通过激活细胞自噬抑制缺氧缺糖/复氧复糖诱导PC12细胞凋亡的作用。方法取对数生长期的PC12细胞,随机分为7组:正常对照组、模型组、溶媒组、黄芪甲苷组、黄芪甲苷+自噬抑制剂组、自噬抑制剂组、自噬激活剂组。除正常对照组外,其余各组剥夺氧、糖3h后再复氧、复糖12 h,并于复氧、复糖的同时给予相应药物处理。用透射电镜观察自噬小体的变化,Western blot检测LC3-II、Beclin1、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase3)的表达,流式细胞术和TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组出现典型的自噬小体,LC3-II、Beclin1表达均增多(P0.05),同时Caspase3表达、细胞凋亡率和凋亡指数也升高(P0.05)。与模型组相比,黄芪甲苷组、自噬激活剂组自噬小体数量、LC3-II和Beclin1表达均增多(P0.05),Caspase3表达、细胞凋亡率和凋亡指数均下降(P0.05);而自噬抑制剂组自噬小体数量、LC3-II和Beclin1表达减少(P0.05),Caspase3表达、细胞凋亡率和凋亡指数升高(P0.05);溶媒组与模型组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。与黄芪甲苷组相比,黄芪甲苷+自噬抑制剂组、自噬抑制剂组自噬小体数量、LC3-II和Beclin1表达均减少(P0.05),Caspase3表达、细胞凋亡率和凋亡指数均升高(P0.05)。结论黄芪甲苷可通过激活细胞自噬而抑制缺氧缺糖/复氧复糖诱导的PC12细胞凋亡,从而发挥神经保护作用。     

不同浓度百草枯对人支气管上皮细胞自噬的影响

目的研究不同浓度百草枯(PQ)对人支气管上皮细胞(16HBE)自噬的影响。方法不同浓度(50μM,150μM,500μM)的百草枯作用16HBE,分别在0 h、12 h、24 h通过Western Blot检测细胞中LC3-Ⅱ蛋白、LC3-I蛋白及P62蛋白的表达,电镜观察染毒组及对照组自噬小体变化。结果在实验中,PQ染毒组观察到细胞质中出现广泛大量自噬小体,相较对照组,自噬小体明显增多。50μMPQ染毒组Western Blot检测LC3-II/LC3-I蛋白浓度24 h组最高,12 h组次之,对照组表达水平最低(P<0.05),P62蛋白浓度24 h最低,12 h次之,对照组表达水平最高(P<0.05)。150μMPQ染毒组Western Blot检测LC3-II/LC3-I蛋白浓度各干预组与对照组相比无明显统计学意义,P62蛋白浓度各干预组与对照组相比统计学意义(P>0.05)。500μMPQ染毒组Western Blot检测LC3-II/LC3-I蛋白浓度各干预组与对照组相比无明显统计学意义(P>0.05),P62蛋白浓度各干预组与对照组相比无统计学意义... 更多     

自噬在电离辐射诱导的小鼠精母细胞GC-2凋亡过程中的作用

目的 探讨自噬在电离辐射诱导小鼠精母细胞GC-2凋亡过程中的作用.方法 将小鼠精母细胞GC-2分为空白对照组和不同剂量(2、4和8 Gy)60Co辐射处理组.采用原位末端转移酶标记法(TUNEL法)和流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,通过蛋白质印迹实验观察自噬相关蛋白LC3(LC3-Ⅰ、LC3-Ⅱ)和Beclin1表达水平的改变,使用荧光显微镜观察C,C-2细胞内自噬小体的变化.用5mmol/L自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)处理GC-2细胞2h再给予60Co辐射处理,观察自噬抑制剂联合电离辐射对细胞凋亡率的影响以及自噬相关蛋白表达水平的改变.结果 与空白对照组相比,GC-2细胞经60Co辐射处理后细胞凋亡率升高(P＜0.05),荧光显微镜下可见细胞自噬体明显增多,自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ以及Beclin1蛋白表达水平增加(P＜0.05).预先用5mmol/L 3-MA处理GC-2细胞2h再给予60Co辐射处理,自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ以及Beclin1蛋白表达水平与未经3-MA处理组相比降低(P＜0.05),细胞凋亡率升高(P＜0.05).结论 电离辐射可以诱导精母细胞发生自噬,抑制细胞自噬后可增强电离辐射对精母细胞的杀伤作用.     

miR-30a对脂多糖诱导人脐静脉血管内皮细胞自噬的影响

目的探究miR-30a对脂多糖（LPS）诱导人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（HUVEC）自噬的影响及其可能机制。方法以HUVEC为研究对象,分为空白对照组（Control组）、模型组（LPS组）、阴性对照组（转染miR-30a-NC,NC组）和过表达组（转染miR-30a-mimics,mimics组）,采用LPS诱导HUVEC建立炎症模型;采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率;qRT-PCR法检测miR-30a相对表达量;Westernblot法检测自噬相关蛋白自噬相关基因（Atg3）、p62、自噬蛋白微管相关蛋白1轻链3（LC3）-II和LC3-I表达水平;激光共聚焦显微镜法观察自噬小体形成变化。结果LPS组细胞存活率明显低于Control组,miR-30a相对表达量明显低于Control组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。与Control组比较,LPS组细胞p62蛋白表达水平降低,Atg3蛋白表达水平升高,LC3-II/LC3-I比值升高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。转染miR-30a后,与LPS组比较,mimics组细胞存活率明显升高,miR-30a相对表达量明显上升,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。与LPS组比较,mimics组细胞p62表达水平升高,LC3-II/LC3-I比值和Atg3表达水平降低,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。与LPS组比较,mimics组细胞胞质内自噬小体显著减少。结论miR-30a能通过抑制自噬减轻LPS诱导HUVEC损伤。     

大黄素对人类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞自噬的影响

目的 基于cGAS/STING信号通路研究大黄素对人类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞(MH7A)自噬的潜在作用。方法 采用CCK-8法检测MH7A细胞增殖的结果,并根据细胞存活率筛选出药物的浓度,并加入自噬抑制剂3-MA进一步验证大黄素对自噬的影响;采用MDC法检测MH7A细胞自噬情况;采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测cGAS、STING、p-STING、LC3-I、LC3-II、P62和Beclin-1的蛋白表达水平。结果 MDC染色结果提示,大黄素能够增强MH7A细胞自噬;Western blot结果提示,大黄素可降低MH7A细胞自噬相关蛋白cGAS、STING、p-STING和P62的表达,增加LC3-II和Beclin-1的表达。加入自噬抑制剂3-MA后,MH7A细胞P62蛋白表达升高,LC3-II和Beclin-1蛋白表达降低。结论 大黄素可能通过下调cGAS/STING信号通路加速自噬,抑制MH7A细胞增殖。     

3- 甲基腺嘌呤对 EPCs 超微结构和 LC3-II蛋白表达的影响研究

目的 探索3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)对大鼠骨髓源性内皮祖细胞(EPCs)超微结构和自噬体膜型(LC3-II)蛋白表达的 影响。方法 采用密度梯度法取大鼠骨髓EPCs,体外诱导分化并鉴定;分成对照组和4个3-MA浓度组(分别加入1.25、2.5、5、 10mmol/L 3-MA) 。采用单丹(磺)酰戊二胺(MDC)荧光染色和透射电镜观察 3-MA 给药后 EPCs 自噬的发生。Western blot 检测 3-MA给药后EPCs内LC3-II蛋白表达的变化。结果 MDC荧光染色和透射电镜均观察到5、10mmol/L组EPCs超微结构明显 区别于正常及死亡细胞,是典型的凋亡形态图。Western blot 检测 3-MA 给药 24h 后 EPCs LC3-II 蛋白表达降低;与对照组比较,5、 10mmol/L组LC3-II蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 5、10mmol/L的3-MA对EPCs超微结构和LC3-II蛋白表达均有影响, 推测浓度≥5mmol/L 的 3-MA 能抑制 EPCs 的自噬。     

α-生育酚通过抑制mTOR激活小鼠海马神经元细胞自噬

目的 探究α-生育酚对小鼠海马神经元细胞自噬的影响及分子机制.方法 分别以自噬抑制剂Compound C、α-生育酚处理小鼠海马神经元细胞,采用AO染色法检测不同处理后神经元内自噬泡的数量;利用透射电镜观察自噬小体;通过免疫蛋白质印记法检测自噬相关蛋白LC3-II、P62以及上游调控蛋白mTOR、AMPK和ULK1表达水平.结果 Compound C显著抑制LC3-II水平并且上调P62的表达,减少自噬泡及自噬小体的数量;加用α-生育酚处理后LC3-II表达提高,P62和mTOR水平均被抑制,且自噬泡和自噬小体数量提高.结论 α-生育酚能够诱导细胞发生自噬,这一作用可能与抑制mTOR信号通路相关.     

异丙酚通过诱导幼鼠海马神经元线粒体自噬减轻其肝缺血再灌注后脑损伤

目的:探究异丙酚对肝缺血再灌注后幼鼠海马神经元线粒体自噬的影响。方法: C57BL/6两周龄的小鼠40只被随机分成4组（n=10）:假手术组(S组),肝缺血再灌注组（IR组）,异丙酚组（P组）,异丙酚+自噬抑制剂3-MA组（3-MA组）,除S组仅进行开关腹操作外,其余各组均行缺血60 min,再灌注6h建模。取血组织标本及海马组织标本。ELISA法检测血清中脑损伤标志物神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和S100β浓度及炎症因子白细胞介素6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的浓度;透射电镜法观察自噬小体和线粒体超微结构;Western blot法检测自噬相关蛋白LC3Ⅱ、Nix及凋亡蛋白Caspase-3的表达水平。结果:（1）脑损伤标志物和炎症因子水平, 3-MA组最高,其次为IR组,P组居中,S组最低（P＜0.05）;（2）自噬小体,P组最多,且线粒体结构较完整,依次为IR和S组,3-MA组自噬最少,线粒体肿胀,分裂最多;（3）LC3Ⅱ、Nix蛋白表达水平同上述线粒体自噬水平一致,Caspase-3与此相反（P＜0.05）。结论:异丙酚可促进肝缺血再灌注后幼鼠海马神经元的线粒体自噬,减轻炎症反应,减少细胞凋亡。     

姜黄素对过氧化氢诱导内皮细胞凋亡及衰老的影响

目的 探讨姜黄素对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)自噬、凋亡及衰老的影响.方法 体外培养HUVECs,分为对照组(只给予培养基),模型组(给予60 μmol/L H2O2),姜黄素组(给予60μmol/L H2O2+ 10 μmol/L姜黄素),3-MA组[(给予60 μmol/L H2O2+ 10μmol/L姜黄素+1 mmol/L3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-Methyladenine)],培养4d后,DCFH-DA法检测细胞培养液中活性氧(ROS)的含量,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡水平,衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-gal)染色检测细胞衰老程度,Western blot技术检测自噬相关蛋白LC3和p62的表达水平.结果 与对照组相比,模型组ROS含量、凋亡率、SA-β-gal阳性率及p62水平升高(均P＜0.05),而LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ比值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与模型组比,姜黄素组ROS含量、凋亡率及SA-β-gal阳性率及p62水平降低(均P＜0.05),但LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ比值升高(P＜0.05).与姜黄素组比较,3-MA组ROS含量、凋亡率、SA-β-gal阳性率及p62水平升高(均P＜0.05),但LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ比值降低(P＜0.05).结论 姜黄素可减轻H2O2诱导内皮细胞凋亡及衰老,其机制与提高内皮细胞自噬有关.     

黄连素对脂多糖诱导人脐静脉血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用研究

目的探讨黄连素（BBR）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（HUVECs）损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法体外培养HUVECs,分为正常对照组(Control组)、LPS组、LPS+细胞自噬诱导剂雷帕霉素（RAPA）组、LPS+细胞自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤（3-MA）组和LPS+BBR组,置于含相关药物的培养基中继续培养。采用EdU染色法检测细胞活性变化,荧光显微镜观察自噬流变化,Westernblot法检测自噬相关蛋白p62、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ表达水平变化。结果与Control组比较,LPS组EdU染色阳性细胞率明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与LPS组比较,LPS+RAPA组EdU染色阳性细胞率明显下降,而LPS+3-MA组EdU染色阳性细胞率明显上升,LPS+BBR组EdU染色阳性细胞率明显上升,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。与Control组比较,LPS组自噬小体和自噬溶酶体数量均增加,p62和LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ表达水平均上升（均P＜0.05）;与LPS组比较,BBR组自噬小体和自噬溶酶体数量均减少,p62和LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ表达水平均下降（均P＜0.05）。结论LPS诱导HUVECs产生自噬,BBR通过抑制由LPS诱导产生的自噬来减轻LPS诱导的HUVECs损伤。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.