胚胎移植波尔山羊与受体供体母羊间血液指标的比较

重点比较了胚胎移植波尔山羊与受体和供体母羊之间的红细胞、白细胞及其指数。结果表明 :RBC、Hb和MCV 3项指标在受体羊与胚胎移植后代羊之间比较差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;PCV、WBC、MCH、MCHC 4项指标比较差异不显著 (P>0 0 5 )。而 7项指标在波尔山羊公羊和供体母羊与移植后代羊和受体间比较差异均不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。从血样指标方面 ,说明了受体仅为胚胎提供发育环境及营养 ;环境对胚胎发育影响不显著。     

河南大尾寒羊血液生理指标的测定

对河南大尾寒羊的血液生理指标进行了测定,结果表明大尾寒羊公母间RBC、WBC、PCV、Hb、MCV、MCH、MCHC均无显著性差异.大尾寒羊的红细胞脆性较大,而ESR值较小.     

雏鸡阶段隔天饲喂对肉鸡的血液指数、血清蛋白和养分消化率的影响

本研究目的是评定雏鸡阶段隔天饲喂对肉鸡的血液指数、血清蛋白和养分消化率的影响。225只1日龄马歇尔肉鸡被随机分配到5个试验处理组,每个处理组45只雏鸡,每次处理有三个重复,每个重复有15只鸡。该试验处理分别为:自由采食的对照组(AL)和孵化后的第一周自由采食,在8至18日龄,分别进行共3d(SAD-3),4d(SAD-4),5d(SAD-5)和6d(SAD-6)的隔天饲喂,从19至56d所有鸡只自由采食。鸡只饲养在厚垫草上。在第56天测定或计算包括白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、红细胞压积(PCV)、血红蛋白含量(HB)、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)和血清总蛋白。进行代谢试验以确定限饲对肉鸡养分消化率/沉积的效果。隔天饲喂(SAD)对肉鸡PCV、RBC、HB、MCHC和血清总蛋白的影响显著(P<0.05),然而,对WBC、MCH和MCV没有影响。与对照组(AL)相比,各停食试验组肉鸡的平均PCV值没有显著差异。隔天饲喂超过4d(SAD-5和SAD-6)处理组肉鸡的RBC、HB、MCHC值显著低于对照组(AL)(P<0.05)。隔天饲喂超过3d的处理组肉鸡平均HB、MCHC值显著低于对照组(AL)(P<0.05)。从而表明在雏鸡阶段隔天饲喂对鸡只产生一定影响,但鸡只仍处于良好的健康状态。隔天饲喂(SAD-5和SAD-6)处理组肉鸡的平均MCV值高于对照组,这表明在停食阶段鸡只的血红蛋白急剧增加,但是,差异没有显著性(P>0.05)。隔天饲喂(SAD-5和SAD-6)处理组肉鸡的血清蛋白(分别为:5.90和5.60g/L)低于隔天饲喂(SAD-3和SAD-4)处理组和对照组(分别为:6.40,6.23和7.30g/L)。各组间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。然而,与对照组相比,隔天饲喂处理组肉鸡嗜碱性粒细胞计数略有增加,而嗜酸性粒细胞略有下降。雏鸡阶段隔天饲喂对肉鸡干物质和粗纤维的消化率没有显著影响(P>0.05)。随着隔天饲喂时间的增加,肉鸡氮沉积率也有增加的趋势。然而,与对照组相比,隔天饲喂4,5或6d的处理组肉鸡平均脂肪沉积率差异不显著。综上可知,雏鸡阶段隔天饲喂长达6d的并没有导致严重应激,或低于肉鸡的养分消化率和沉积造成不利影响。     

有机铬对肉鸭生产性能屠宰指标和血中胆固醇含量的影响

选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭600只,随机分为5个组(4个试验组和1个对照组),每组4个重复,每个重复30只肉仔鸭。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,A组为对照组,喂以基础日粮;B组、C组、D组和E组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0．2、0．4、0．6和0．8mg／kg 吡啶羧酸铬(以铬计),试验期42天。结果表明,试验组肉鸭的腹脂率极显著低于对照组(P<0．01),胸肌率极显著高于对照组 (P<0．01),血中胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0．05),而生产性能和屠宰率与对照组之间差异不显著(P>0．05)。     

河南大尾寒羊血液生理指标的测定

对河南大尾寒羊的血液生理指标进行了测定，结果表明：大尾寒羊公母间RBC、WBC、PCV、Hb、MCV、MCH、MCHC均无显著性差异。大尾寒羊的红细胞脆性较大，而ESR值较小。     

冰川棘豆对山羊的毒性试验

10只杂种奶山羊随机等分为试验组和对照组，试验组羊按每日10g／kg的剂量饲喂冰川棘豆干粉，定期采血，测定血液常规指标和生化指标，进行病理学检验。结果表明，RBC、Hb、PCV、MCH、MCV、MCHC显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），淋巴细胞出现空泡变性。试验组羊血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性，从试验的第7天起持续升高；从试验的第14天起，血清谷草转氨酶（GOT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性，尿素氮（BUN）含量明显高于对照组；在试验的35～49d，血清淀粉酶活性持续升高，与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；从试验的第7天起，血清α-甘露糖苷糖（AMA）活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），说明冰川棘豆对心、肝、肾、脑等器官有一定的毒害作用，冰川棘豆中含有吲哚兹啶生物碱。病理组织学检查中发现，心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、卵巢等组织普遍发生空泡变性。     

烟曲霉感染对肉鸡部分免疫指标的影响

为了研究烟曲霉感染对肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)浓度及传染性法氏囊病(IBD)抗体效价的影响,选用96只15日龄罗斯308肉鸡,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只鸡。试验组连续滴注霉菌孢子5 d,对照组滴注生理盐水。试验后的第3、4和5天,分别从试验组和对照组每个重复随机抽出2只鸡进行剖检诊断和实验室检测;试验后的第7 (21日龄)和14天(28日龄),分别检测肉鸡血清中Ig A、Ig G、Ig M、IFN-γ和IBD抗体水平。结果:试验后的第3～5天,试验组鸡血液中均分离到烟曲霉;试验组鸡血清中Ig A、Ig G和Ig M浓度均极显著低于对照组(P<0. 01),血清中IFN-γ的浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0. 01),血清中IBD抗体效价极显著低于对照组(P<0. 01)。研究表明烟曲霉菌感染能显著降低肉鸡的免疫功能。     

高寒草地施肥对放牧牦牛抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了评价施肥处理对牧草矿物质元素含量和牦牛抗氧化酶活性的影响,在黄河首曲草地进行草地施肥和草地放牧试验。结果表明,硫酸氨施肥组超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）极显著低于（P〈0．01）Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间无显著差异;铜蓝蛋白（Cp）的含量,硫酸氨施肥组极显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P〈0．01）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间无显著差异;血液MDA的含量,硫酸氨施肥组极显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间无显著差异。在试验结束时硫酸氨施肥组Hb、MCV、MCH都极显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P〈0．01）,放牧牦牛出现小红细胞贫血。     

引入青海省的德克塞尔羊的生理生化指标测定

对引入青海省的德克塞尔羊 18项生理和生化指标进行了测定 ,结果表明其主要生理生化指标都在正常范围之内。RBC、WBC、Hb分别为 8.2 8× 10 1 2 L ,12 0 0× 10 9 L ,10 6 0g L ;PCV、MCV、MCH、MCHC分别为 0 3 4L L ,41 3 7fL ,11 97pg ,2 90 67g L ;LDH、GOT、GPT、AKP、TP、GLU、GHO、TCa值为 3 3 1 67U L ,14 9 3 3U L ,5 4 0U L ,14 6 67U L ,5 3 67g L ,3 .3 3mmol L ,0 .73mmol L ,2 .3 1mmol L     

纤维素复合酶对肉鸡血液生理指标的影响

试验选用128羽1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%和0.15%的纤维素复合酶。研究添加不同剂量纤维素复合酶对肉鸡血液生理指标的影响。结果表明:日粮添加纤维素复合酶可提高肉鸡血液红细胞(RBC)数、白细胞(WBC)数、红细胞压积(PCV)、血红蛋白(Hb)含量和平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)含量,尤其以0.15%酶添加水平效果最好;对平均红细胞体积(MCV)和平均红细胞血红蛋白质量浓度(MCHC)无显著影响。     

果寡糖对固始鸡血液生理指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同添加剂量的果寡糖对固始鸡血液生理指标的影响,并确定果寡糖的最佳添加剂量。选用1日龄固始鸡公雏150只,随机分成5个处理组,1个为对照组,其余4个为试验组,对照组不加果寡糖,其他4个组的果寡糖添加水平分别为3、5、7mg/kg和9mg/kg。测定红细胞压积(PCV)、血红蛋白(Hb)含量、红细胞数量、白细胞数量、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)等指标。试验结果表明:1)21和42日龄时,果寡糖试验组的红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量、红细胞数量和白细胞数量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组的MCH和MCHC均略有升高,并且可以显著提高MCHC(P<0.05);2)日粮中添加5mg/kg果寡糖对提高红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量、红细胞数量、白细胞数量、MCH和MCHC具有最佳效果。     

The influence of age and gender on haematological parameters in Lipizzan horses

Haematological parameters [red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)] in resting Lipizzan horses were determined for 143 stallions, 104 mares and 25 foals. The mean RBC and WBC values in Lipizzans were in the lower part of the normal range for warm-blooded horses. The mean PCV, MCV and MCH values were higher, but the mean haemoglobin concentration and MCHC values were lower than reported for other warm-blooded horses. In foals, the mean RBC, WBC, PCV, haemoglobin concentration and MCHC values were higher, whereas MCV and MCH were lower than in older animals. Results indicating a significant decrease in WBC (P < 0.01) and an increase in MCV, MCH and MCHC (P < 0.05) with increasing age are consistent with some other reports on warm-blooded horses. The age-related variations in RBC and PCV were less marked. Contrary to some reports, RBC (P < 0.01), WBC and haemoglobin concentration (P < 0.001) were higher in Lipizzan stallions than in mares, but differences in MCHC, MCH and MCV were insignificant. The specific haematological values determined in Lipizzans are presumably a result of selection and should be taken into consideration when dealing with this race of horses.     

Erythrocyte changes, serum iron concentration and performance following iron injection in neonatal beef calves

The injection of iron-dextran into beef calves at an early age immediately increased values for erythrocyte (RBC) numbers, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), even though the calves were not anemic. There were no significant differences in average daily gain (ADG) from birth through 15 wk between those that were injected and those that were not injected. Hereford calves had lower values for PCV, Hb, MCH and MCV than Angus and crossbred calves, and both Hereford and Angus calves had lesser body weight and slower ADG than crossbred calves. Serum iron (Fe) concentrations were higher in calves born in the spring and pastured in the summer than in calves born in late summer and fall and pastured in the fall. The serum Fe concentration of calves at first sampling (during first week of life) was positively correlated with their weight at that and subsequent times to 15 wk. Mean corpuscular volume and MCH in cows before calving were positively correlated with the MCV and MCH in their calves at first sampling. Serum Fe concentration in cows before calving was negatively correlated with the ADG of their calves through 15 wk.     

乌蒙半细毛羊“锌缺乏症”的研究

试验旨在研究乌蒙半细毛羊"锌缺乏症"的病因。在赫章县兴发养殖场选取20只锌（Zn）缺乏的乌蒙半细毛羊作为试验组,在威宁县凉水沟种羊场选取20只健康的乌蒙半细毛羊作为对照组。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分析土壤、牧草和动物血液及肝脏中微量元素的含量,应用全自动血细胞分析仪测定血液参数,应用全自动生化分析仪测定血清生理生化指标。结果发现,试验牧场土壤及牧草中锌含量均极显著低于对照牧场（P<0.01）;试验组乌蒙半细毛羊血液和肝脏中Zn含量极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,两组间其他元素含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）;试验组乌蒙半细毛羊血液中红细胞数（RBC）、淋巴细胞（LY）和中性粒细胞（NE）均极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）;血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性均极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,丙二醛（MDA）含量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,而两组间血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（PCV）、白细胞数（WBC）、血清尿素氮（BUN）含量和谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）活性均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,乌蒙半细毛羊"锌缺乏症"主要由土壤和牧草锌含量过低引起,且在日粮中添加适量的硫酸锌可以防治乌蒙半细毛羊"锌缺乏症"的发生。     

HAEMATOLOGY OF THE RACEHORSE: A Recent Study of Thoroughbreds in Victoria

ab>The study was based on 216 blood samples collected from 136 Thoroughbred racehorses in 17 stables. Lower variability in the population studied and lower means than in previous studies were attributed in part to measures taken to reduce excitement of the horses during blood collection. The demeanour of the animals during collection was assessed subjectively as placid, timid, apprehensive or excited. The five horses which became excited had significantly higher RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, total eosinophil count, serum total protein and probably lower ESR. Timid and apprehensive horses did not show these responses. Because of the location of eight stables, samples from them were stored overnight at 4°C before analysis. These samples had higher mean MCV, PCV, MCH, and serum total protein and lower mean MCHC. The likelihood of this arising from swelling and perhaps rupture of some erythrocytes during transportation and storage was discussed. Serum total protein estimates were within the range determined from other reports from horses of various breeds. However albumin and the A/G ratio determined by electrophoresis were higher, but comparable with two other reports from Thoroughbreds. In comparative studies on the estimation of A/G ratios it appeared that equine serum albumin determination was higher using the bromcresol green reagent than by electrophoresis. After eliminating 14 cases with abnormalities of the total and/or differential leucocyte count, parameters were calculated from 202 samples for the definition of normal ranges. The absence of skewness and kurtosis indicated that the individual estimates of RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, MCV and MCH followed the normal distribution and that the means and standard deviations were appropriate for defining normal ranges. With only ESR and TEC were the coefficients of variation, skewness and kurtosis so great as to cast doubt on the practical use of these estimates.     

Hematology in sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884)

Blood samples were taken from 78 wild and 21 farmed sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) using ketamine-xylazine sedation during their excited (82 deer) and resting (17 deer) states. Red cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly higher and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was lower in excited deer than in resting deer. There was no significant difference in total leukocyte count (WBC) between excited and resting wild males, while a marked increase of WBC with neutrophilia was observed in excited wild females. RBC and PCV were significantly higher and MCH was lower in excited males than in excited females. In wild deer, WBC was significantly higher in females than in males, but there was no significant difference in WBC between farmed males and females. Sex differences in the hematological parameters were not observed in fawns (10 months).     

Effect of dietary iron content on hematologic and other measures of iron adequacy in dogs

Eighteen 9- to 10-week old Beagles were fed casein-based diets (4,710 kcal of metabolizable energy/kg of body weight) containing either 12, 80, or 160 mg of iron/kg of diet. Growth and feed consumption were monitored throughout the 47-day study. Hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), RBC numbers, erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) concentration, serum iron concentration, serum total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and serum ferritin concentration were determined weekly. Growth rate and feed efficiency were not significantly influenced by dietary iron content. At 14 days, Hb concentration, Hct, MCV, MCH, RBC numbers, and serum iron concentration were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in dogs fed the 12 mg/kg diet, and remained significantly low for the remainder of the study. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration increased significantly (P less than 0.05) by 14 days in dogs fed the basal diet, and remained significantly high relative to that in dogs of the other dietary groups for the remainder of the study. Serum ferritin concentration decreased in dogs of the group fed the basal diet, with a significant (P less than 0.05) difference beyond day 42. Differences in Hct, MCH, MCV, or hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, or EP concentration were not found between groups fed 80 and 160 mg of iron/kg of diet. Liver nonheme iron content was significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by dietary iron content.     

Haematological profile of crossbred dairy cattle to monitor herd health status at medium elevation in Central Himalayas

Haematological profile-haemoglobin concentration (Hb), total erythrocytes count (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte indices-mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were studied in crossbred dairy cattle (Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal) under various physiological states: non-pregnant heifers (NPH), pregnant heifers (PH), empty dry cows (EDC), pregnant lactating cows (PLC), medium yield early lactating cows (MYELC) and high yield early lactating cows (HYELC) during summer and winter seasons at 1700 metres altitude from mean sea level in the Central Himalayas. On comparison of annual means, the highest values of Hb and PCV were recorded in PH and of TEC in NPH, whereas the lowest values of these parameters were found in EDC. The Hb and TEC tended to decrease with increasing milk yield. Comparison of annual means of erythrocyte indices revealed the highest MCV and MCH in EDC, which simultaneously showed the lowest MCHC. Significant seasonal variations in haematological profile were recorded. The overall group mean (OGM) of Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.01) during summer whereas the TEC and PCV showed higher OGM (P < 0.01) during the winter season.     

日粮添加免疫生长促进剂C96对雏鸡若干血液指标的影响

选择１２０只１日龄ＡＡ商品健康雏鸡,随机分为４组,每组３０只。初步观察了日粮添加免疫生长促进剂Ｃ９６对血液中红细胞总数（ＲＢＣ）、比容（ＰＣＶ）、血红蛋白含量（Ｈｂ）、网织红细胞比例（ＲＣＣ）、白细胞总数（ＷＢＣ）等的影响。结果表明：肉雏鸡在１５ｄ时,日粮添加Ｃ９６为１１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,饲料的Ｃ９６组和疫苗－Ｃ９６组,与对照组和疫苗组比较,ＲＢＣ和Ｈｂ增高,ＷＢＣ显著下降,ＲＣＣ降低,ＰＣＶ无明显规律性变化;３０ｄ和４５ｄ时,添加Ｃ９６组和疫苗－Ｃ９６组的ＲＢＣ、Ｈｂ和ＰＣＶ,与对照组和疫苗组基本相近,ＷＢＣ和ＲＣＣ均比对照组和疫苗组低或明显低。但３０ｄ时疫苗组的ＷＢＣ比对照组高。整个试验期,ＲＢＣ、ＷＢＣ和ＰＣＶ随日龄的增长呈上升趋势,ＲＣＣ呈波动性下降。     

Cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations in horses competing in cross-country events

The cardiovascular and metabolic response to two cross-country events (CC*: preliminary level and CC*** advanced level) were analysed in 8 male eventing horses (4 Anglo-Hunter and 4 Anglo-Arabian). This study focused on the establishment of the main metabolic pathways involved in the muscle energy resynthesis during the competitions. Heart rate (HR) was recorded throughout the CC events. Jugular venous blood samples were withdrawn before the warm-up period, immediately after the competitions and at 5 and 10 min in the recuperation period. The following haematological parameters were studied: red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cells (WBC), and number and percentages of lymphocytes (LYM) and granulocytes and monocytes (GRAN). One fraction of blood was centrifuged and, in plasma, lactate (LA), total plasma protein (TPP) and the rate of LA disappearance were determined. The competitions induced significant increases in RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV and TPP. Plasma LA response exceeded the anaerobic threshold of 4 mmol/l, reaching a maximum level of 13.3 mmol/l. HR ranged from 140 to more than 200 bpm, peaking at 230 bpm, revealing a limitation in the oxygen supply to the working muscles. It was concluded that muscle energy resynthesis during a CC event is provided both through oxidative processes and glycolysis with LA formation. Therefore, both stamina and power exercises are required for eventing horses.