Road classification for two-wheeled vehicles

This publication presents a three-part road classification system that utilises the vehicle's onboard signals of two-wheeled vehicles. First, a curve estimator was developed to identify and classify road curves. In addition, the curve estimator continuously classifies the road curviness. Second, the road slope was evaluated to determine the hilliness of a given road. Third, a modular road profile estimator has been developed to classify the road profile according to ISO 8608, which utilises the vehicle's transfer functions. The road profile estimator continuously classifies the driven road. The proposed methods for the classification of curviness, hilliness, and road roughness have been validated with measurements. The road classification system enables the collection of vehicle-independent field data of two-wheeled vehicles. The road properties are part of the customer usage profiles which are essential to define vehicle design targets.     

Pivot point-based control for active rear-wheel steering in passenger vehicles

This paper presents a new application of active rear-wheel steering control to improve the lateral vehicle behaviour. In the state of the art, yaw or lateral velocity is used as control variable that means one degree of freedom being not directly controlled. A worse subjective impressions due to movements in the rear end of the vehicle during strong counter-steering are a consequence. To avoid this effect in urban surroundings, an innovative structure to control the pivot point distance of the vehicle is proposed. In this case the coupled elementary states yaw and lateral velocity can be influenced based on a higher level criteria. Analysis show that pivot point fixing provides a comprehensible reference behaviour. Solving the issue of singularity during disappearing yaw movement is the basis to design a performant modified feedforward input–output linearisation. An analytic stability analysis of the internal dynamics shows system immanent limitations which do not influence the target of improving the lateral vehicle dynamics in urban manoeuvres. Finally, the advantages of pivot-based control are highlighted by a comparison with state of the art rear axle control.     

Multigen Creator与HintCAD结合的道路地形三维建模

为解决道路模型与地形模型的无缝结合,以拟建道路所在的地形为研究区域,根据道路建模要求较高的实时性、精确性和真实感的特点,分析了三维仿真建模软件与道路专业设计软件结合使用的方法和技术,提出了不同软件之间模型源数据转换方法,构建了拟建道路地形的整体模型.实践证明,此方法建立的三维仿真模型符合工程规范和标准的要求,具有可行性.     

特殊地形城市道路交通面临问题研究

具有特殊地形、地貌特征的城市道路交通由于受到了山脉、河流、特殊的固定自然物的限制,城市的布局往往形成分散、组团式和带状的特点,呈现出了各种交通模型的非线性、非周期性等特征,该文详细研究了该类城市道路交通面临的问题,重点分析了特殊地形、路网分布、传统的交通指挥系统对特殊地形城市道路交通的影响。以河谷型城市兰州市的地貌特征为例,分析了这些问题及因素,并提出了解决这些问题的方法。     

桥面平整度对大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥车辆振动的影响

由路面平整度能量谱密度函数得到桥面平整度不规则形状沿纵向分布函数,分析不同等级桥面平整度对大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的车辆振动的影响。提出一种车—桥振动简化计算方法,该方法在建立桥的有限元模型时,将车辆的动力性能与桥面平整度对桥梁振动的影响加入到外载荷中,简化了振动分析过程,可用于确定不同等级桥面下的汽车荷载冲击系数取值,为大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的设计和养护提供参考。     

基于幂函数的路面不平度白噪声激励模拟方法

对基于有理函数的路面不平度白噪声激励模拟方法进行了分析,指出了该方法存在的不足.提出了一种基于幂函数的路面不平度白噪声激励模拟方法,并对其两轮路面不平度输入的白噪声激励模拟方法进行了推导.通过对不同等级路面的仿真,验证了所提出方法的可行性.     

Slip-based terrain estimation with a skid-steer vehicle

In this paper, a novel approach for online terrain characterisation is presented using a skid-steer vehicle. In the context of this research, terrain characterisation refers to the estimation of physical parameters that affects the terrain ability to support vehicular motion. These parameters are inferred from the modelling of the kinematic and dynamic behaviour of a skid-steer vehicle that reveals the underlying relationships governing the vehicle-terrain interaction. The concept of slip track is introduced as a measure of the slippage experienced by the vehicle during turning motion. The proposed terrain estimation system includes common onboard sensors, that is, wheel encoders, electrical current sensors and yaw rate gyroscope. Using these components, the system can characterise terrain online during normal vehicle operations. Experimental results obtained from different surfaces are presented to validate the system in the field showing its effectiveness and potential benefits to implement adaptive driving assistance systems or to automatically update the parameters of onboard control and planning algorithms.     

路面特性对车辆振动影响规律研究

对软路面上车辆的扭转、垂直和纵向振动进行了研究,首先对振动车辆进行单因素(路面不平度、胎压、路面抗压强度和牵引负荷)分析,找出对车辆振动影响显著的因素及影响规律,在此基础上对影响振动的多因素进行正交试验,分析交互作用对车辆振动的影响规律。同时,对不同路面条件下振动进行研究分析。随着路面波形频率、路面抗压能力、轮胎气压和牵引负荷的增加,车辆扭转、垂直和纵向振动增加。对于垂直振动、扭振和纵向振动,其主要影响因素各不相同。     

驾驶员培训考验场训考道路场地设计

该文结合工程实例,介绍了驾驶员培训考验场训考道路场地设计的方法,可供类似工程参考。     

Fault classification method for the driving safety of electrified vehicles

A fault classification method is proposed which has been applied to an electric vehicle. Potential faults in the different subsystems that can affect the vehicle directional stability were collected in a failure mode and effect analysis. Similar driveline faults were grouped together if they resembled each other with respect to their influence on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. The faults were physically modelled in a simulation environment before they were induced in a detailed vehicle model under normal driving conditions. A special focus was placed on faults in the driveline of electric vehicles employing in-wheel motors of the permanent magnet type. Several failures caused by mechanical and other faults were analysed as well. The fault classification method consists of a controllability ranking developed according to the functional safety standard ISO 26262. The controllability of a fault was determined with three parameters covering the influence of the longitudinal, lateral and yaw motion of the vehicle. The simulation results were analysed and the faults were classified according to their controllability using the proposed method. It was shown that the controllability decreased specifically with increasing lateral acceleration and increasing speed. The results for the electric driveline faults show that this trend cannot be generalised for all the faults, as the controllability deteriorated for some faults during manoeuvres with low lateral acceleration and low speed. The proposed method is generic and can be applied to various other types of road vehicles and faults.     

Stability measurement of high-speed vehicles

Vehicle rollover represents a significant percentage of single-vehicle accidents and accounts for over 9000 fatalities and over 200,000 non-fatal injuries each year. Previous research has yielded rollover stability control systems that are effective in on-road conditions. Accident statistics show, however, that over 90% of rollovers involve road departure, during which a vehicle may encounter sloped and rough terrain while travelling at high speed. A critical element of most rollover stability control systems is a metric that monitors a vehicle's nearness to rollover. Most metrics, however, are designed for use on flat, level surfaces characteristic of on-road terrain. In this paper, a new stability metric, termed the stability moment, is proposed that is accurate on terrain surfaces with arbitrary geometry, which allows it to be used in road departure scenarios. The metric is based on an estimate of the distribution of wheel–terrain contact forces. The metric can be calculated on line in real time, using only practical, low-cost sensors. The metric is compared in simulations and experimental studies to existing stability metrics and is shown to exhibit superior performance, particularly in off-road conditions.     

沟谷地形高速公路路基病害与防治措施研究

通过对国内多条已建成高速公路沟谷地形地段路基病害的调查,基于"沟谷"地形地貌特征与路基横纵填筑高度的差异和软弱地基强度的变异性特点,进行典型山区沟谷地形公路破坏、滑坡现象分析,以合理措施与动态信息指导路基施工,为路基结构的优化提供依据。     

DYNATEST 5051 RSP道路激光平整度仪测试原理及参数标定方法

介绍了DYNATEST 5051 RSP道路激光平整度仪测试基本原理,选择路段测试了该设备数据测试的重复性和设备工作的稳定性,并将其设备测试结果与精密水准仪测试换算结果IRI进行了回归分析,得到了良好的测试效果和较高的相关关系,为该设备准确、快速地应用到路面的平整度检测评价提供了依据。     

发展呼伦贝尔市道路旅游客运的几点思考

针对内蒙古呼伦贝尔市道路旅游客运的现状,分析了存在的问题,提出加强旅游客运市场的管理措施,并对旅游客运市场的发展进行探讨。     

山路行驶的柴油车污染物排放特性试验

在山路和平路上,进行了不同载荷下国V柴油车的实际道路行驶排放(RDE)试验.采集车速、海拔、氮氧化物(Nox)和颗粒物数量(PN)排放浓度等数据,分析了道路坡度、车辆载荷与输出功率对排放的影响.研究发现:测试柴油车辆,在平均坡度约6％山路行驶时Nox排放因子高于平路20％以上,PN低于平路20％以上.道路坡度自0增大到...     

路面不平度再现方法研究

根据不平路面的统计频域特性,再现出时域信号对汽车平顺性的研究起着重要作用。介绍了描述路面不平度的模型,在此基础上,详细阐述了近年来广泛使用的几种路面不平度的重构方法的原理和实现方法,利用计算实例对它们的优缺点进行了比较。     

Customer loads of two-wheeled vehicles

Customer usage profiles are the most unknown influences in vehicle design targets and they play an important role in durability analysis. This publication presents a customer load acquisition system for two-wheeled vehicles that utilises the vehicle's onboard signals. A road slope estimator was developed to reveal the unknown slope resistance force with the help of a linear Kalman filter. Furthermore, an automated mass estimator was developed to consider the correct vehicle loading. The mass estimation is performed by an extended Kalman filter. Finally, a model-based wheel force calculation was derived, which is based on the superposition of forces calculated from measured onboard signals. The calculated wheel forces were validated by measurements with wheel–load transducers through the comparison of rainflow matrices. The calculated wheel forces correspond with the measured wheel forces in terms of both quality and quantity. The proposed methods can be used to gather field data for improved vehicle design loads.     

山岭重丘区高等级公路改建工程路基施工

以安楚高速公路改建工程十三合同段为例,从技术准备、软土地基、防护及排水工程施工、路基挖方、路基填筑等5个方面重点介绍了山岭重丘区高等级公路改建工程的路基施工.     

路面激励下的6700客车动力总成悬置系统性能分析

针对6700客车动力总成悬置系统在路面激励下的隔振性能进行了分析评估。建立了用于动力总成悬置系统性能分析的13自由度整车系统动力学模型,分析了系统的模态属性,重点讨论了考虑路面随机激励下的动力总成振动响应。对悬置系统隔振性能较差的问题进行了分析,找到了问题的主要原因是车架和悬置子系统存在沿Z向激励下的模态耦合。