不同增容剂对PP/PA6共混物性能的影响及其增容机理研究

采用多种增容剂对聚丙烯/聚酰胺6(PP/PA6)共混体系进行改性，包括：离子聚合物、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯、聚乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-马来酸酐共聚物等。对共混物进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）以及断裂伸长率、低温断裂伸长率、耐磨性能测试和分析，讨论了不同种类增容剂的增容机理，探究了相容性对材料物理性能的影响。     

PP/PA6复合材料结构与力学性能的研究

通过熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯/聚酰胺6(PP/PA6)复合材料。研究了PA6和不同增容剂(马来酸酐接枝PP和马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体)对PP性能的影响。通过力学性能测试、DSC和SEM对PP/PA6复合材料的结构和性能进行了系统研究。结果表明:加入8%PA6和5%增容剂时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳;PA6对PP有异相成核作用;在增容剂的作用下,PA6均匀地分散于PP基体中,从而起到良好的改性作用。摘要:     

HDPE-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH对HDPE/PA6共混物性能的影响

分别以高密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐（HDPE-g-MAH）和乙烯-辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐（POE-g-MAH）作为相容剂,通过熔融挤出法对PE100/PA6共混物进行共混改性。研究了两种相容剂的用量对共混物力学性能、热性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明：HDPE-g-MAH与POE-g-MAH相比,都使体系发生反应性增容的同时,对共混物的结晶性更为有利,使得PE100/PA6/HDPE-g-MAH的综合性能更好,更适合作为PE100耐热改性时的增容剂。     

热引发官能化HDPE、PP、EPDM及其增韧PA66研究

采用热引发熔融接技方法研究了不同反应条件下马来酸酐（MAH）接枝HDPE、接枝共聚PP及接枝EPDM弹性体的接枝反应。结果表明：本热引发接枝法可避免接枝过程中的交联副反应，制得具有较高接枝率（接枝率在0.3%以上），较好熔体流动性能，较少凝胶含量的马来酸酐接枝HDPE、接枝共聚PP及接枝EPDM。采用机械共混法对已官能化的聚烯烃弹性体和聚烯烃塑料分别和混合增韧PA66的情况进行了比较，结果显示：采用PA66／改性聚烯烃弹性体／改性聚烯烃塑料三元共混体系，可以在较少用量的改性橡胶条件下使PA66的缺口冲击强度达到原材料的10倍以上，并且材料弯曲模量损失减少。SEM对PA66／EPDM－g-MHA/PP-g-MAH三元共混体系脆韧转变的研究结果表明：体系分散相中的EPDM－g-MAH向PA66基体扩散、渗透或形成嵌段共聚物的部分是增韧PA66中的有效成分。     

剪切作用下POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混物,通过扫描电镜、力学性能和差示扫描量热等方法研究了剪切作用下马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用。结果表明,同样条件下,PP-g-MAH增容体系的相区尺寸较小,相界面更模糊,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度明显提高,共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度均高于非增容体系。而POE-g-MAH增容体系的相区尺寸相对较大,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度明显降低,共混物只有冲击强度明显高于非增容体系,拉伸强度略低于非增容体系。     

4种马来酸酐接枝物对PA66/TLCP共混物界面的增容作用

利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和傅里叶红外光谱法（FTIR）研究了4种马来酸酐接枝聚合物对聚酰胺66／热致性液晶聚合物（PA66／TLCP）共混物界面的增容作用,并对PA66／TLCP共混物进行了力学性能测试和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）的微观形貌研究。DSC结果表明,4种马来酸酐接枝聚合物对PA66／TLCP共混物的熔融温度、熔融焓、结晶温度、过冷度和结晶度均有不同程度的影响;FTIR证明共混物界面发生增容反应。4种马来酸酐接枝聚合物对PA66与TLCP的界面相容性均有不同程度的改善,使共混物的力学性能提高,且改变了分散相在基体中的分散形态。     

PP-g-MAH对PP/PA6共混物的增容作用

采用熔融接枝法,考察了单体和引发剂用量对聚丙烯(PP)/马来酸酐(MAH)接枝物接枝率的影响。将PP-g-MAH作为PP/尼龙6(PA6)共混物的增容剂,并利用SEM、XRD、DSC-TGA和万能试验机等测试手段对PP-g-MAH增容改性PP/PA6共混体系进行了研究。结果表明,PP-g-MAH接枝物对PP/PA6共混物具有良好的增容效果,PP结晶得到细化,共混物的力学性能和耐高温性能得到改善。     

聚烯烃接枝MAH对PET／PA6性能的影响

用熔融挤出制备了聚烯烃马来酸酐（MAH）接枝物（GPE或GPP），同时，熔融挤出制备了PET／PA6，PET／KPA6／GPE（或PET/GPP)共混物，扫描电镜观察了共混物的结构形态，表明GPE（或GPP）加入改善了PET。PA6的相容性。共混物的力学性能测试表明，PET／PA6中加入5％－15％的聚烯烃接枝物，冲击强度比原来可提高1．3－3倍，拉伸强度提高2倍多，可得到综合性能较好的共混材料。     

PP/PA6复合材料增容改性研究进展

聚丙烯和尼龙6(PP/PA6)共混物是热力学不相容体系,其研究和开发的关键是增容技术和机理。本文综述了近年来PP/PA6复合材料增容改性的研究进展,重点介绍了PP的官能化,马来酸酐型、羧基,羟基型、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯型等增容剂以及多单体熔融接枝物在PP/PA6复合材料增容改性中的应用,并对PP/PA6增容改性发展趋势作了展望。     

酸酐化LLDPE/PS增容母料的制备及其应用

通过Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应和聚烯烃熔融接枝马来酸酐(MAH)技术,制备了酸酐化线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)/聚苯乙烯(PS)增容母料,并用该母料增容LLDPE/PS/聚酰胺(PA)6三元共混物,考察了母料用量对LLDPE/PS/PA 6三元共混物结构及性能的影响。结果表明:酸酐化增容母料中主要含有MAH接枝LLDPE-g-PS与MAH接枝LLDPE,可用于提高LLDPE与PS和PA 6的相容性;该母料能有效增容LLDPE/PS/PA 6三元共混物,使三相之间界面作用增强,分散相粒径显著减小,力学性能提高;随着母料用量增加,共混物的熔体流动速率下降,LLDPE的结晶温度上升,而PA 6的结晶温度和PS的玻璃化转变温度呈下降趋势;当母料用量为8 phr时,共混物的力学性能和耐热性能最佳。     

高密度聚乙烯／尼龙1010共混体系的研究

采用接枝共聚方法,合成了高密度聚乙烯与马来酸酐,甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸丁酯的接枝共聚物增容剂,研究了增容剂中接枝单体的种类及含量和增容剂用量等因素对高密度聚乙烯／尼龙1010共混体系力学性能的影响,结果表明在不同类型的接枝共聚物中以聚乙烯马来酸酐接枝共聚物对HDPE／PA1010共混体系的增容效果最好,在接枝单体含量和增容剂用量分别为4％－6％和5％左右时,共混体系的力学性能最好。     

Contribution of compatibilizer backbone to degradation and retained functionality of multiple extruded polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends

This study assesses thermal and morphological stabilization of three compatibilizers during mechanical recycling of polymer blends. Polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends compatibilized with three different maleic anhydride grafted compatibilizers were extruded five times via single-screw extrusion. The backbones of the compatibilizers are (1) polypropylene-based, (2) an elastomer block copolymer poly(styrene-co-[ethylene-butylene]-styrene), and (3) a polyolefin elastomer. The degradation and retained functionality of these compatibilizers was assessed by means of simultaneous thermo-gravimetric analysis, melt flow index, a morphology study, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing. The results show that degradation of the compatibilized blends during multiple processing is low, although the core stability of the blends depends on the initial stability of all of the components in the blend. The thermal stability across the five extrusions was the most favorable for the matrix based grafted compatibilized blend. The functionality of the compatibilizers did show minor morphological destabilization but did not affect the mechanical properties.     

PA6/PP/SEBS-g-MAH共混物的相容性研究

采用马来酸酐接枝(氢化苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)作为增容剂,研究了增容剂用量对尼龙6/聚丙烯(PA6/PP)共混体系相态结构、力学性能的影响,以及在相同增容剂用量下不同PA6、PP配比对体系相形态的影响。结果表明,SEBS-g-MAH中的酸酐基团能与PA6末端的氨基发生化学反应,在PA6和PP的内表面形成PA6-SEBS接枝共聚物,明显改善了两相的界面相容性,并使共混物的力学性能得到显著提高。共混物冲击断面形貌的分析表明,共混物发生了明显的脆韧转变。     

A facile route for preparing stable co-continuous morphology of LLDPE/PA6 blends with low PA6 content

A facile method is employed to prepare a series of LLDPE/PA6 blends with co-continuous morphology with low PA6 content via reactive extrusion. In these blends, co-continuous morphology is obtained by introducing graft copolymers with both high and low molecular weight trunk chains to the interface simultaneously. Maleic anhydride functionalized polybutadine (PB-g-MAH, and MAH content = 10 wt%) is first melt grafted onto the LLDPE backbones with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an initiator. Part of PB-g-MAH is grafted onto LLDPE to form LLDPE-g-PB-g-MAH copolymer. During reactive extrusion, in-situ formed Copolymer II (polybutadiene-graft-polyamide, PB-g-PA6) with a low molecular weight trunk chain (PB) is obtained from the reaction between the maleic anhydride group of free or non-grafted PB-g-MAH and the amino group on PA6 molecules; while Copolymer I (LLDPE-g-PB-g-PA6) is obtained via the reaction between the maleic anhydride group of the grafted PB-g-MAH (i.e., LLDPE-g-PB-g-MAH) and the amino group of PA6. Copolymer I with a high molecular weight trunk chain, LLDPE, should strengthen the interface and favor stress transfer, enabling the deformation of PA6; and Copolymer II (PB-g-PA6) with a low molecular weight trunk chain, PB, facilitates the formation of a flat interface between LLDPE and PA6, thus promoting an elongated PA6 phase. Therefore, co-continuous morphology of LLDPE/PA6 blend is successfully prepared with only 25 wt% PA6 by controlling suitable amounts of Copolymers I and II in the blend.     

Zweiphasige Mischungen aus Polyamid 6 und Polyäthylen

Polymer blends of polyamide 6 and polyethylene are obtained by application of high shearing forces to the two component polymer melt. No formation of block and of graft copolymers occurs. The polymer blend consists of two separate and mutually incompatible phases of both components, determining its bulk properties. To improve the compatibility of both polymers, experiments were performed to graft polyamide 6 onto polyethylene. It could be shown that polyethylene modified with maleic anhydride was especially suited for this purpose. Polyamide 6 chains could be grafted onto this modified polyethylene by anionic polymerization. The mechanical properties of a mixture of the graft copolymer with polyamide 6 are significantly better than those of a mere polyamide-6-polyethylene blend. This improvement is attributed to a greater homogenity of the two phase mixture if the graft copolymer is added.     

Comparison of carboxylated and maleated polypropylene as reactive compatibilizers in polypropylene/polyamide‐6,6 blends

Using reactive extrusion, polypropylene is functionalized with maleic anhydride and compared on an equimolar basis to polypropylene that is functionalized with an asymmetric, carboxylic acid containing peroxide. The grafting efficiency for the asymmetric peroxide is double that obtained for the maleic anhydride system. Moreover, the asymmetric peroxide yields a functionalized material with minimal molecular weight degradation and desirable mechanical properties, relative to maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene. In compatibilized blends of polypropylene and nylon 6,6, the polypropylene that was functionalized with the asymmetric peroxide is found to be an improved compatibilizer compared to that of maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene. The differences in mechanical properties of the two different functionalized polypropylene materials and their respective blends are rationalized on the basis of the grafting efficiency, molecular weight degradation during reactive extrusion, and effect of free functional species on the ability to form graft copolymers in compatibilized blends. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2398–2407, 2001     

Real time assessment of the compatibilization of polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends during extrusion

The reactivity of maleic anhydride and acrylic acid polypropylene graft copolymers with amine groups and their effect in the compatibilization of polymer blends was analyzed in real time during the reactive processing of compatilized polypropylene/polyamide 6 (PP/PA6) blends. The presence of compatibilizers in the blend produces a block copolymer PP‐PA6, which stays in the blends interface, lowering the interfacial tension and reducing the PA6 particle size, affecting the light extinction phenomena. The in‐line optical detector is able to indirectly quantify the conversion of the compatibilization reaction of the blends. The signal intensity of the detector increases with the increase of the PA6 content due to the increase in the number of particles. Quantitative off‐line FTIR analyses of the compatibilized blends have shown that the amount of block copolymer formed when polypropylene grafted with acrylic acid (PP‐g‐AA) is used as compatibilizer increases with its content in the blend. There is a good correlation between the in‐line optical measurement and the off‐line amidic bond content formed. Non‐reacted compatibilizers are always present in the reactive blends whose content is proportional to its initial concentration. The PA6 particle size data obtained from scanning electron microscopy analysis showed good correlation with the in‐line measurements. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

An investigation of instability of phase morphology of blends of nylons with polyethylenes and polystyrenes and effects of compatibilizing agents

Investigations of instability of phase morphology of blends of nylons with polyethylenes and polystyrenes and the effects of “compatibilizing” additives or “agents” are described. Annealing coarsens the phase morphology of blends of nylons with polyethylenes and polystyrenes. Phase growth is observed for various periods of annealing time. The addition of compatibilizing agents, specifically maleic anhydride grafted polyolefins to polyethylene-nylon blends and syrene-maleic anhydride copolymers to polystyrene-nylon blends, stabilize the phase dimensions. Styene-maleic anhydride copolymer is found more effective than styrene acrylonitrile copolymer as a compatibilizing agent. The mechanisms of this behavior are critically discussed.     

增加聚烯烃共混物界面粘结力的研究

在加工设备中制备聚乙烯、聚丙烯树脂的马来酸酐(MAH)接枝共聚物(PE-g-MAH,PP-g-MAH)。用偏光显微镜、相差显微镜及扫描电镜研究了PP-g-MAH及PP共混物的形态、分散状态与相界面。考察了PE-g-MAH/PET,PE/PET复合薄膜的剥离强度及PE-g-MAH/CaCO_3,PE/CaCO_3共混物的力学性能。所有结果均表明聚烯烃马来酸酐接枝物可显著增加聚烯烃共混物中组分间的相容性和界面粘结力,并讨论了其机理。