准噶尔盆地红车断裂带岩性地层油气藏勘探新思路

从沉积层序与油气成藏的关系出发，在河流-三角洲沉积体系中，提出了“富砂之外找贫砂，贫砂之内找富砂”的岩性地层油气藏勘探新思路。运用该思路并结合层序地层理论和相关目标评价技术，在准噶尔盆地红车断裂带三叠系克拉玛依下亚组河流相中，认为中期旋回MSC2为有利的“贫砂”层系，在该层系中高弯曲指数的河道砂体为有利的“富砂”目标，针对目标提交了红山4井并获得工业油流;同样在新近系沙湾组三角洲沉积相中，认为三级层序NSQ2中的湖侵体系域为有利的“贫砂”层系，层系中的三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体为有利“富砂”目标，针对目标提交车89井并获得油气突破。这一思路指出了“贫砂”地层也是岩性地层油气藏发育的重要场所，对我国陆相岩性地层油气藏勘探具有一定的实践意义。     

第三届全国地层会议在北京召开

20 0 0年 5月 2 6～ 30日 ,第三届全国地层会议在北京召开。参加会议的代表有 2 70多人 ,来自地质勘查、科研和教学等单位。海洋石油系统有 4名代表参加了会议。这次会议的主要议程是总结工作成果、产生新一届组织及明确今后的工作方向。国土资源部寿嘉华副部长向大会致开幕词 ,温家宝副总理亲临大会并作了重要讲话。会议分组审议了《中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书》、《中国年代地层 (地质年代 )表》及《全国地层工作及地层学发展规划纲要的建议》,并进行了广泛的学术交流。在新编的《中国年代地层 (地质年代 )表》中 ,参照国际统一规…     

徐家围子断陷“凹中隆”地质特征及其成因

松辽盆地深层徐家围子断陷的“凹中隆”构造与周围地层在沉积-构造特征上存在着明显的不同。为此,以地震、钻井及区域地质资料综合分析成果为基础,结合“凹中隆”所表现出的独特地质特征,从构造地层的角度,提出了“凹中隆”构造是早期古前陆型盆地在浅部开的一个“窗口”的认识。运用正断层相关褶皱的观点,将“凹中隆”的形成、发展及消亡成因机制分成5个阶段并进行了系统研究和论述。结果指出：“凹中隆”与其两侧断陷盆地形成时间相同,但分属不同时期的沉积地质体,是两期盆地的产物。这一认识为分析松辽盆地深部地层提供了全新的思路,也展示了深层天然气勘探的巨大潜力。     

渤海海域渐新统古地磁年代地层柱的建立及其地质意义

渤海海域渐新统顶、底界线及内部地层单元没有实测地质年龄,对其地质年龄的确定只能参考国际年表。利用古地磁测年法确定了渤海海域渐新统地质年龄,建立了与国际古地磁标准年代表的对应关系,首次获得了最完整的渤海海域渐新统古地磁年代地层柱。在此基础之上,开展了渤海海域渐新统沉积速率计算、湖平面变化曲线校正和地层埋藏史分析,从而为该区油气勘探研究提供了新的地质依据。     

天然气地质学的新发展

以天然气的成因、运聚和成藏三个方面为主线,系统介绍了天然气地质学的新理论。指出:“天然气多阶连续、多源复合”这一观点是对80年代“生气窗”模式的突破;“天然气动态平衡”这一理论为在晚期圈闭中寻找气藏提供了理论依据。另外,通过对气聚集带特点的分析,为寻找大中型气田指明了方向。     

地震地层体及其分析方法

地震地层体是指一种利用地震反射波所蕴含的地层反射界面特征和地层沉积特征,从地震数据中提取的一系列地震层位所组成的特殊三维数据体,是前人所提出的“相对地质年代体”和“层位体”概念的一种扩展。利用地震地层体可确定地层界面的形态及某些层状或近层状地质体的外部轮廓,并可根据不同地层界面之间的接触关系对地质构造和沉积环境进行分析。本文首先介绍地震地层体概念,然后详细描述了地震地层体分析方法及流程,最后以理论模型和实例说明这套方法具有的特点及能生成高精度地震地层体的良好应用效果。基于倾角传播技术的地震地层体分析方法能在地层倾角扫描的基础上获得高精度地震地层体,为真三维构造解释模式提供了一种实现途径。与前人所提出的层位体方法相比,本文提出的地震地层体分析具有三个特点： 1利用基于最小方差法多方位倾角估算技术可获得高精度地层倾角信息;2应用倾角传播技术可提高层位追踪的准确性;3在复杂断裂区利用控制层位对追踪层位进行校正。     

考虑地层水蒸发的异常高温油气藏相态和渗流研究现状

国内外发现的深层高温高压凝析气藏和油藏越来越多,而现有的商品化软件和理论模拟均忽略了高温条件下地层水蒸发和“盐析”对油气藏流体相态、渗流和开发动态的影响。从高温油气藏地层水蒸发的实验研究、地层水蒸发对油气藏流体相态特征、物质平衡方程、油气藏储量、地层流体渗流以及开发动态等方面的影响进行了分析,指出异常高温油气藏存在地层水蒸发和地层水“盐析”问题,在生产过程中会对渗流造成影响,高温高矿化度地层水的油气藏必须考虑其影响。综合分析认为,针对异常高温高矿化度地层水的油气藏,建立考虑地层水蒸发和“盐析”效应的油气藏气液固耦合综合模型对于深层油气藏的渗流理论和开发很有必要,具有重要科学意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地下寺湾地区延长组长8 段高分辨率层序地层分析

基于下寺湾地区的区域地质、沉积相、测井、钻井和岩心资料,以Cross 高分辨率层序地层学理论 及其方法为指导,采用多级旋回层序划分方案,结合测井相分析技术,将研究区长8 段划分为中期、短期和超短期3 个级次的基准面旋回层序。各级次基准面旋回又可进一步分为向上“变深”的非对称型、向上 “变浅”的非对称型和对称型3 种结构类型。该文重点论述了超短期基准面旋回层序沉积背景、叠加式样和沉积动力学过程, 并以短期基准面旋回作为等时地层对比单元, 建立了长8 段高分辨率地层-时间格架,为本区砂体纵、横向展布规律的认识及下一步勘探开发方案提供了理论依据。     

也谈“坳”“拗”，“心”“芯”的使用——兼与刘全稳先生商榷

针对《西南石油大学学报》刘全稳副主编发表在该刊2007年第6期上的一篇关于“坳”“拗”“心”“芯”使用方法说明的文章，对石油科技文献中经常出现的“坳陷”“拗陷”“取芯”“取心”“岩芯”“岩心”的合理使用提出了自己的观点和看法。进而指出：“坳陷”“拗陷”两者略有差别，不能一概将所有“坳陷”均改为“拗陷”；同时，刘先生认为的“取心”“岩心”都必须改为“取芯”“岩芯”也是不尽合理的，“取芯”与“取心”，“岩芯”与“岩心”都可使用，且意思完全一样。     

大庆长垣特高含水期表外储层独立开发方法

物性和含油性差的表外储层已经成为大庆长垣特高含水阶段水驱挖潜的主要对象,然而常规的井网加密、分层注水等方法开发效果较差。为此,结合表外储层发育特征和分层压裂工艺,提出了表外储层独立开发方法。根据油水井射孔层位和表内、表外储层空间分布特征,设计了“以水定油”和“以油定水”两种独立开发模式,采用多层人造浇铸岩心开展了水驱物理模拟实验,比较了两种模式的采出程度随注入量的变化特征,推导了考虑启动压力梯度和浅层水平压裂裂缝的分层压裂直井产能公式,计算分析了表外储层独立开发的技术政策界限。研究表明：长垣表外储层独立开发“以油定水”模式优于“以水定油”模式,技术极限井距和经济极限厚度分别为228 m和2 m左右。随着表外储层厚度占总射孔厚度比例的增大,采收率先下降后保持平稳,最后又快速上升。矿场应用表明：表外储层独立开发平均单井日产油量3.7 t,开发效果明显优于三次加密。     

THE STRATIGRAPHY AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE RIPHEAN-VENDIAN (MIDDLE-LATE PROTEROZOIC) SUCCESSION ON THE RUSSIAN PLATFORM

Recent studies of the Riphean- Venetian succession of the Russian Platform have indicated that geological factors favourable for the occurrence of hydrocarbons may be present. These factors include substantial thicknesses of sedimentary rocks; the presence of reservoir rocks and seals, together with source rocks containing sapropelic organic matter; and the occurrence of oil shows, indicating that hydrocarbons have been generated. These factors, coupled with a favourable geographic and economic environment, contrast with the low level of exploration in the area.
Following an interval of many years, geological studies in the central parts of the Russian Platform recommenced in the 1990s. A network of seismic lines has been shot, and has provided data on deeply-buried structures in this area, and also on the nature of the lowermost parts of the sedimentary cover. The latter is represented by Proterozoic (Riphean and Vendian) strata, whose petroleum prospectivity on the Russian Platform may be comparable to that of the Siberian Platform.
Both the Riphean succession, which was deposited in extensive fault-bound grabens, and the unconformably overlying Vendian, include very thick sandstones and clay stones. Individual units can be traced on seismic records over distances of tens or even hundreds of km. There is evidence that these sedimentary rocks, particularly those of Vendian age, are of shallow- and deep-marine origin. The high content of sapropelic organic matter which has been recorded in individual units, together with the presence of oil shows, indicate that hydrocarbons have been generated within the Proterozoic interval. Both previous studies in this region, and the more recently-obtained data, have encouraged exploration to be continued, and have led to the identification of specific targets.     

RESERVES/RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES USED IN RUSSIA AND WESTERN COUNTRIES: A REVIEW AND COMPARISON

The international oil industry currently uses a number of schemes for hydrocarbon reserves and resources classification. These serve different purposes and are used variously by Governmental agencies, oil companies, scientific societies, research institutes and by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (McKelvey, 1975; Grishin, 1993; Nemchenko et al., 1996). Although the schemes have many features in common, attention has been paid in recent years to the development of a single, universal classification (McKelvey, 1975).
Russia, unlike many other countries, uses only one reserves classification scheme (Anon., 1983; Nemchenko et al., 1996; Stasenkov and Gutman, 1989). Interest is growing in the comparison of the Russian scheme with those used elsewhere. A number of Russian oil and gas companies (e.g. Lukoil, Yukos and Gazprom) have already introduced Western standards for reserves evaluation in order to facilitate foreign investment. Conversely, Western companies operating in the Russian Federation are translating the Russian classification scheme into more familiar terms and definitions.     

CVD法制备碳纳米管中应用氟 氯 磷等添加物的热力学条件预测

利用俄罗斯科学院研制的软件计算分析了CVD法制备碳纳米管过程中在碳氢体系添加氟、氯、磷、氧等元素及在碳硫体系中加入氧、氟等元素对于化学传递反应的影响,结果表明,这些元素的加入有利于传递反应的进行。分析了不同压力下气相传递物质中的碳含量,压力降低使传递的温度区间缩小。     

Ukraine gas crisis rumbles on as west again affected

Russian disagreements with Ukraine have continued despite the earlier settlement of a dispute over gas pricing ( see 'Focus', January 2006 ). Deliveries of Russian gas to the west have again been disrupted amid accusations from Moscow that Ukraine has been abstracting more gas from Russia's export pipeline than it is contractually entitled to. The problem, however, appears to originate in Russia, where cold weather has caused domestic demand for gas to soar, leaving less available for export.     

Use of thin-layer chromatography with closed sorption layer for the determination of volatile compound

For decades, it has been believed in Russian and foreign scientific and technical literature that conventional thin-layer chromatography (TLC) cannot be used for the determination of volatile compounds. Experiments have shown that the version of TLC with a closed adsorbent layer proposed recently at the Topchiev Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, is applicable to the investigation of the group content of aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline. It has been found that the best resolution of analyte groups of compounds can be achieved by means of circular chromatography and sample introduction into a chromatographic system, using the frontal variant of chromatography.     

Russia pushes ahead with new pipelines

The start of the construction of an oil export pipeline from Eastern Siberia to the Pacific Ocean marks an important new phase in Russia's policy of diversifying its exports away from Europe. Sales to the former Comecon nations of Eastern Europe have been eroded over the last decade-and-a-half since the countries there have tried to import crude oil from the North Sea and elsewhere, following the collapse of the Soviet economic bloc with its barter system of trade in oil and major commodities. Recently, Western Europeans have expressed concerns about the share of Russian supplies in their energy balances, particularly since the argument between Russia and Ukraine over gas supplies at the beginning of 2006 ( see 'Gas and Power', February 2006 ). Since then, the European Commission has been warning of the danger of the European Union's becoming over-reliant on Russian energy.     

Development of modern gas and oil chemistry processes based on the results of fundamental research in chemical physics

The main results of the research conducted by the Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, on such topical areas as the development of new technological methods for processing natural and associated petroleum gas into valuable chemical products, the development of the scientific fundamentals of the processes for the production of petrochemical products based on oil and nonoil feedstock, and the development of a new generation of catalysts for these processes have been presented.     

Structural Characterization of Asphaltenes from Raw and Desulfurized Vacuum Residue and Correlation Between Asphaltene Content and the Tendency of Sediment Formation in H-oil Heavy Products

Asphaltenes obtained from raw vacuum residue from Russian (Ural) petroleum have been characterized by means of elemental analysis and ¹H proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and compared with asphaltenes separated from the residue desulfurized in the H-oil process. The latter have much lower molecular weight and more aromatic character. In high-temperature conditions of fractionation of the whole H-oil product and in the presence of catalyst dust carried away from reactors, asphaltenes tend to condense, dehydrogenate, and separate from the desulfurized oil as a coke-like sediment. Some correlations have been found between the asphaltene contents of raw and desulfurized residue and the tendency of sediment formation in desulfurized residual oil that causes serious operating problems in H-oil units.     

Separation of ammonia-containing gas mixtures in a one-compressor multistage membrane apparatus

Separation of the gas mixtures 7.7 vol % nitrogen in ammonia and 5.5% carbon monoxide in ammonia in one-compressor multistage membrane devices with one and two separation steps has been compared. The apparent values of selectivity have been determined for these gas mixtures. Expressions relating the degree of separation to the stage cut and the degree of purification to the product loss have been experimentally obtained. The degree of purification has been shown to increase with the number of stages despite of the fact that the degree of separation at individual stages is lower than in a single membrane module.     

俄罗斯录井技术现状与应用前景分析

俄罗斯录井技术起步较早,但近几年发展速度放缓。我国与俄罗斯的录井技术各有特色,具有很强的互补性。为了借鉴俄罗斯录井技术的长处,提高我国的录井技术水平,从录井仪研发、钻井参数、气体参数、地质参数和录井信息化等方面分析了俄罗斯录井技术的现状和特点,并与我国的录井技术进行了对比。分析认为,俄罗斯在仪器房布局、传感器类型等方面具有技术优势,我国在仪器房安全防护、气体定量分析、录井信息化和特色录井技术等方面具有技术优势。因此,我国应引进俄罗斯的优势录井技术,提高我国的录井技术水平,缩短我国与先进录井技术之间的差距。