Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶

半导体纳米晶是近年来发展起来的一类新型功能材料,因其独特的量子限域效应和光电性质,在太阳电池、发光二极管、光电探测器、生物标记、非线性光学等领域中具有潜在的应用。与目前研究比较多的Ⅱ-Ⅵ和Ⅳ-Ⅵ族纳米晶相比,Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶,不含镉和铅等重金属元素,具有毒性小、带隙窄、光吸收系数大、Stokes位移大、自吸收小以及发光波长在近红外区等特点,有望成为新一代低成本太阳电池和低毒荧光量子点生物标记材料, 还可用于发光二极管和光电探测等领域。因此,Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶的合成、性质及应用研究成为近期纳米晶研究领域的热点之一。本文将综述Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶的研究进展,着重介绍其制备方法、光学性质及其在生物标记、太阳电池等领域的应用。     

稀土纳米材料在高分辨活体成像及诊疗中的应用

荧光成像具有时空分辨率高、 反馈快、 非侵入和无电离辐射等优点, 是一种重要的生物成像技术. 与传统用于荧光成像的可见光和近红外一区(NIR-I, 600~950 nm)相比, 近红外二区(NIR-Ⅱ, 1000~1700 nm)窗口具有低生物组织散射系数和低生物自发荧光, 采用NIR-Ⅱ光进行活体荧光成像能有效提高成像的分辨率、 信噪比和穿透深度. 稀土纳米颗粒(RENPs)具有大斯托克斯位移、 高化学稳定性、 可调的荧光寿命以及较窄的发射带, 是一种重要的荧光成像探针. 近年来, 一系列具有优异的NIR-Ⅱ发光性能的稀土纳米材料被用于高分辨活体荧光成像. 本文综合评述了近年来RENPs用于高分辨活体成像及诊疗中的研究进展, 概述了RENPs的掺杂调控、 基质晶格选择和复合敏化等NIR-Ⅱ发光增强策略, 介绍了其在多种生物医学场景中的靶向聚集、 荧光传感和疾病治疗等功能, 并总结了其在多路成像、 多模态成像和疾病诊疗中的应用. 最后, 简要分析了RENPs在未来生物医学应用中面临的挑战和发展的方向.     

荧光金属纳米簇的合成及其在生物医学中的应用研究进展

金属纳米簇作为一种新型的荧光纳米材料,展现出良好的生物相容性和优良的物化性质,近年来受到各个领域的关注,尤其在生物医学领域得到了广泛的应用。该文在介绍多种金属纳米簇的合成方法和光学性质的基础上,综述了金属纳米簇在生物传感、生物成像和肿瘤治疗等领域的应用研究进展,并对其面临的挑战和应用前景进行了展望。     

基于金属纳米簇的荧光传感平台的最新研究进展

荧光纳米生物传感平台由于具有灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简单、成本低、实时监测等特点,吸引了广泛的关注.近年来,随着纳米技术的飞速发展,具有纳米结构的材料(纳米材料)在生物传感领域显示出独特的优势.与传统材料相比,纳米材料显示出独特的物化性质,如光学、电学、机械、催化和磁性等.金属(如Au、Ag、Cu及其合金)纳米簇(MN...     

基于DNA与上转换纳米颗粒相结合的生物传感与成像研究进展

脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的分子识别特性与功能使其在生物传感与成像领域得到了广泛应用. 另一方面, 得益于自身独特的光学性质, 镧系元素掺杂的上转换纳米颗粒在生物医学应用中备受关注. 特别地, 二者的有机结合可产生新的性质与功能, 在生物传感与成像领域展现出优势, 推动了该领域的发展. 本文综合评述了基于DNA与上转换纳米颗粒相结合的生物传感与成像技术的研究进展, 重点聚焦于相关方法的分类与设计原理, 简要概述了相关的应用研究, 并对该领域目前存在的挑战与未来的发展前景进行了讨论.     

石墨碳纳米材料光学性质在生化传感领域的应用

石墨碳纳米材料因其特殊的光学性质而受到广泛关注。石墨碳纳米材料最引人注目的光学性质之一是其独特的拉曼性质,作为拉曼探针,石墨碳纳米材料在对于复杂生物样品,极端测试条件和定量拉曼检测方面都有很好的应用;除了拉曼性质以外,单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)独特的近红外二区(NIR-II,1000-1700 nm)荧光性质,具有穿透深度大、分辨率高的荧光成像特点,在生物活体成像领域也得到了很好的应用。除了光致发光特性,石墨碳纳米材料还具有优异的光热转换效应,同时具有比表面积大的特点,被广泛应用在针对肿瘤的热疗及其它疗法协同治疗当中。除此之外,石墨碳纳米材料还是一种高效的信号传导基底,可以猝灭激发态的染料和光敏剂,利用该类性质设计的生物传感器和纳米药物,显现出高灵敏、高选择性的特点。本文主要结合本课题组的工作,总结和探讨了石墨碳纳米材料作为光学探针、光热材料和信号传递基底在生化传感领域的应用。     

手性纳米材料: 生物成像、 生物传感与治疗

手性无机纳米结构不仅形貌和结构可调控、 易于表面功能化修饰, 而且光学性质独特, 在生物领域的应用上展现了很大的优异性. 本文综述了近年来手性纳米技术在生物医学领域的研究进展, 重点介绍了手性金属和手性半导体纳米结构的合成策略、 圆二色效应、 光手性机制及在生物成像、 生物传感、 肿瘤以及神经退行性疾病等医学领域的应用. 手性纳米材料的研究丰富了生物化学的纳米技术手段, 促进了肿瘤等重大疾病诊断与治疗技术的进步, 推动了手性在生命科学中的发展, 鼓励了研究者对这一新兴领域的持续探索与挑战.     

Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶:合成,性质及应用（英文）

半导体纳米晶具有独特的量子限域效应以及新颖的尺寸和形貌依赖特性,已被证实是在低成本高性能光伏器件、光致及电致发光二极管、生物成像、光催化等领域非常具有潜力的新型材料.其中,II-VI族与I-III-VI族半导体纳米晶由于其优异的性能在过去的数十年中引起了广泛的关注.过去数十年对于II-VI族半导体纳米晶的研究已经十分成熟,然而几乎所有的传统II-VI族半导体纳米晶都含有对环境有害的元素,对人体和环境造成不可逆转的伤害,从而限制了II-VI族半导体纳米晶的进一步应用.与二元II-VI族纳米晶相比,大部分三元I-III-VI族纳米晶不含镉和铅等重金属元素,因而具有低毒性的特点,并且其带隙窄、吸光收系数大、斯托克斯位移大、自吸收小以及发光波长在近红外区,所以有望使其成为新一代荧光纳米晶材料.例如,CuInS_2的带隙为1.53 eV,与太阳光谱匹配且其吸光系数较大,在10.5cm.~1左右,从而使其成为制备太阳能电池的一种优秀材料.另一方面,I-III-VI族纳米晶在可见光和近红外范围内呈现与尺寸相关的发光,它们的荧光量子产率在包覆ZnS壳后可超过50%,因而在照明,显示和生物成像领域具广泛应用的潜力.水溶性的I-III-VI族量子点粒径尺寸可以小于10 nm,可以减小纳米颗粒通过肾清除的淘汰率,并且具有高荧光性能和耐光性的特点,因此成为进行生物成像工作的优秀材料.与此同时,I-III-VI族纳米晶在光催化领域也展现了巨大的发展前景.本综述主要关注I-III-VI族纳米晶的合成,性质及应用.首先,我们概述了不同的化学合成方法,并列举讨论了一些经典的工作,根据纳米晶的种类分类统计了主要合成方法、形貌及尺寸.第二部分,我们讨论了它们的光物理和电子特性,解释了纳米晶的"donor-acceptor pair"(DAP)结合机理,概述了I-III-VI族纳米晶的磁光现象.接下来,我们概述了I-III-VI族纳米晶主要的应用领域,着重总结了在太阳能电池领域、半导体发光二极管领域、生物成像领域以及光催化制氢领域的研究进展.最后,我们会讨论半导体纳米晶的应用前景,以及它的机遇和挑战.     

单个量子点的光学性质与应用

量子点(QDs)是一种具有诸多优良光学特性的荧光纳米颗粒,已在化学分析、生物传感、分子影像等领域得到了广泛应用.单个量子点的光学性质研究有望发现一些宏观方法不能发现的实验现象,可以为改善其光学性能提供思路,有助于更好的应用于各领域.本文评述了单个量子点的检测与判定方法,单个量子点的荧光增强、漂白、眨眼(blinking)、蓝移等光学性质及其在单分子示踪、生物化学传感、超分辨定位技术等方面的应用.总结了目前量子点作为荧光探针在实际应用中遇到的问题,并提出未来量子点将朝着合成能同时满足尺寸小、量子产率高、 "non-blinking"、蓝移幅度大、无生物毒性的量子点及能同时为成像/检测提供荧光探针与散射探针的等离子体量子点等研究方向发展.     

金团簇的荧光性质及其生物应用

金纳米团簇作为一类新型纳米材料具有独特的光学特性。当金纳米团簇颗粒的尺寸小到与电子的费米波长（〈1nm）相当时,由于量子尺寸效应,金颗粒会受激发射出荧光。作为一种新型荧光材料,金纳米团簇具有发光颜色随团簇尺寸可调、荧光不易猝灭等许多优势。本文主要综述了金纳米团簇的荧光性质及其在生物标记、生物成像以及生物检测等方面的应用...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.