基于数字水印的图像版权保护和内容认证方案

实现版权保护和内容认证是数字水印的两个最主要功能,而现有同时实现这两个功能的数字水印方案并不完美。提出了结合人类视觉系统在图像的绿色分量中嵌入版权信息,实现版权保护,在蓝色分量中嵌入二值图像,实现内容认证。实验证明该方法透明性好,版权保护水印对JPEG压缩、高斯噪声等攻击抵抗力强,内容认证水印能有效地刻画攻击和定位篡改。     

Visible watermarking based on importance and just noticeable distortion of image regions

Visible watermarking is the process of embedding data (watermark) into a multimedia object (video/image) such that the embedded watermark is perceptible to a human observer. Many times, visible watermarks occlude important portion of multimedia objects. This paper introduces a visible watermarking algorithm to embed a binary logo watermark at N non-overlapping positions in an image such that important portions of the image are not occluded. The important portions are found through visual saliency computation or available human eye fixation density maps. In the proposed visible watermarking, just noticeable distortion is used to adaptively filter the watermark embedding energy based on the image content. A mathematical model in terms of information-content-weighted-structural-similarity-index and visual importance is proposed to find optimal watermark embedding strength. We tested the algorithm on several color images of different sizes and on several binary watermarks of different sizes and found the results to be very promising as per the requirements in visible watermarking. When compared to the state-of-the-art, we also found that the proposed technique does better in not hiding the details of any test image.     

Colour image compression based on the measure of just noticeable colour difference

To the human vision, there exists in colour images a certain amount of perceptual redundancy since the human visual system (HVS) has limited sensitivity in discriminating colour signals of small differences. By measuring the perceptual redundancy inherent in colour images and shaping the coding distortion into the perceptual redundancy, colour images are expected to be represented more efficiently. Approaches to perceptually optimise the efficiency of image coders in compressing colour images with the perceptual redundancy estimated by a colour visual model are presented. The model estimates the perceptual redundancy for each colour pixel as a visibility threshold of colour difference in any colour space and in a spatial or frequency domain. Two existing image coders are modified to take advantage of the perceptual redundancy and simulated to inspect if their coding efficiency is improved. In the spatial domain, the JPEG-LS coder in the near-lossless compression mode is modified to make coding errors part of the perceptual redundancy in compressing colour images in the RGB space. In the wavelet domain, the JPEG2000 coder is refined by minimising the perceptible distortion involved in the rate control of the compressed image in the YC/sub b/C/sub r/space. Simulation results show that, in both cases, the performance of the perceptually tuned coder is superior to that of the un-tuned coder in terms of the bit rate required for achieving the same visual quality.     

一种用于版权保护的数字图像双水印算法

提出了一类抗压缩的鲁棒加半脆弱双水印算法。利用图像的纹理特性将原始图像分块，根据不同的嵌入强度将可见水印图像嵌入原始图像的频域中以显示所有权，然后在每个图像块的高频部分加入自嵌入不可见水印以认证图像。实验表明，此双水印系统能够达到标识、认证图像所有权的目的。     

A blind double color image watermarking algorithm based on QR decomposition

In this paper, a novel blind image watermarking scheme based on QR decomposition is proposed to embed color watermark image into color host image, which is significantly different from using the binary or gray image as watermark. When embedding watermark, the 24-bits color host image with size of 512?×?512 is divided into non-overlapping 4?×?4 pixel blocks and each pixel block is decomposed by QR. Then, according to the watermark information and the relation between the second row first column coefficient and the third row first column coefficient in the unitary matrix Q, the 24-bits color watermark image with size of 32?×?32 is embedded into the color host image. In addition, the new element compensatory method is used in the upper-triangle matrix R for reducing the visible distortion. When extracting watermark, only the watermarked image is needed. Compared with other SVD-based methods, the proposed method does not have the false-positive detection problem and has lower computational complexity, that is, the average running time of the proposed method only needs 1.481403 s. The experimental results show that the proposed method is robust against most common attacks including JPEG compression, JPEG 2000 compression, low-pass filtering, cropping, adding noise, blurring, rotation, scaling and sharpening et al. Compared with some related existing methods, the proposed algorithm has stronger robustness and better invisibility.     

A blind dual color images watermarking based on quaternion singular value decomposition

Multimedia Tools and Applications - With the rapid development of the Internet, the color digital image copyright protection is facing severe challenges. Simultaneously, the color digital images...     

Visual attention model based dual watermarking for simultaneous image copyright protection and authentication

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, a visual attention model based dual watermarking scheme has been proposed for simultaneous image copyright protection and authentication. The...     

An improved color image watermarking scheme based on Schur decomposition

Multimedia Tools and Applications - With the rapid development of computer technology, the copyright protection of color image is becoming a more and more urgent problem. In this paper, an improved...     

基于Schur分解和混沌置乱的彩色图像鲁棒水印算法

针对传统的彩色图像水印算法往往仅是将一个随机信号或二值图像嵌入到彩色载体图像中这一问题,结合混沌系统和Schur分解的优点,提出一种将彩色水印图像嵌入到彩色载体图像中的鲁棒水印算法.首先,对彩色水印图像进行Arnold置乱和混沌加密,提高了待嵌入彩色水印图像的安全性能;其次,将彩色载体图像分离成3个通道,每一通道被划分...     

A robust semi-blind watermarking for color images based on multiple decompositions

In this paper, a robust semi-blind watermarking scheme for color images, based on multiple decompositions is proposed to preserve the copyrights of the owner. Using multiple decompositions, the gray watermark is embedded into a host color image. Prior to that, to enhance security the gray watermark is encrypted with Arnold transform and SVD by generating secret keys. The luminance component of the given host image is subjected to discrete wavelet transform(DWT), contourlet transform(CT), Schur decomposition and singular value decomposition(SVD) in sequence and finally the watermark is embedded. In the semi-blind extraction process, the watermark is extracted without the help of the original host image. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme has better visual imperceptibility and high robustness against image & signal processing attacks compared to other methods.     

Design of high performance copyright protection watermarking based on lifting wavelet transform and bi empirical mode decomposition

This paper developed new and efficient image watermarking scheme for copyright protection based on Lifting wavelet transform (LWT) and Bi- dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (BEMD). A LWT has been selected because it is fast, less computational cost and maintains the integrity of the recovered watermark. The BEMD transform can separate the image from the most robust to the least sensitive or fragile frequency bands. This advantage is utilised in this study for the purpose of embedding the watermark in the robust part of BEMD, i.e. the residue (r). In addition, the embedding process has been performed in the low sub-band of LWT decomposed image as the low sub-band is more robust to image processing such as JPEG compression. The robust watermark which is grey scale image is decomposed using DWT to enhance the security and select only high sub-band as it has less impact on the quality of the watermarked image. As a result, the original image’s visual quality can be preserved and the concealed watermark could be successfully retrieved even if the watermarked images have undergone severe attacks like JPEG, rotation, Gamma correction, filtering, additive noise, translation, shearing, and scaling. Furthermore, the improved scheme offers greater robustness against many image processing operations, in comparison to the current schemes about copyright protection.     

Optimal blind watermarking for color images based on the U matrix of quaternion singular value decomposition

In this paper, a new blind watermarking for copyright protection of color images based on the U matrix through Quaternion Singular Value Decomposition (QSVD) is proposed. The proposed method represents the color image with a quaternion matrix, so that it can deal with the multichannel information in a holistic way. Then the array of pure quaternion is divided into non-overlapping blocks and we perform QSVD on each block to get its U matrix. The watermark is inserted into the optimally selected coefficients of the quaternion elements in the first column of the U matrix. Besides, in the procedures of watermark insertion and extraction, ensuring higher fidelity and robustness to several possible image attacks have been considered. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing schemes in terms of robustness and invisibility.     

基于小波包分解的版权保护算法

提出一个基于小波包分解的数字图像版权保护算法.利用小波系数的特征对宿主图像进行预处理,并选择其中具有相似纹理特征的图像子块进行组合构成相应的子图像.基于块处理与像素调制相结合的空频域联合的水印算法,在纹理活动区域采用小波包变换的系数量化方法嵌入水印,不仅保证了在不损失图像质量的条件下大容量鲁棒信息的隐藏,也保证了水印的盲提取,从而有效地增加了鲁棒水印信息的嵌入量及抗攻击能力.实验结果表明该算法较传统方法而言达到了鲁棒性与容量的最佳结合.     

基于改进颜色空间的彩色图像双水印算法

基于保护图像原始特征信息和携带标识信息的多用途需求,提出一种彩色图像双水印算法.其中一个水印是图像特征,另一个水印是标识水印.首先,对图像进行Curvelet变换提取纹理特征;其次,对YCbCr改进型颜色空间Y$''Cb''Cr''$的$Y''$通道分块后进行DCT变换,用量化索引方式在每块DCT系数SVD变换后的最大奇异值上嵌入第1个纹理特征水印;再次,对Cb$''$和Cr$''$通道进行Curvelet变换,并对低频系数进行联合,根据能量分布自适应嵌入第2个水印图;然后,对嵌入水印后的3个通道频域系数进行逆变换得到空间图,并将该图转换到RGB空间得到含双水印的彩色图像;最后,对所提出算法的性能进行验证,并与相关算法通过对比的科学实验方法作比较,实验结果表明嵌入图像的双水印具有良好的不可见性和鲁棒性,特征水印能够对图像原始纹理特征进行有效的保护.     

认证中心控制下的版权保护框架研究

提出了一种认证中心控制下的版权保护框架,该框架应用了边缘检测与元胞自动机算法。首先应用边缘检测技术检测出图像的边缘点,然后应用元胞自动机对边缘点进行平滑处理,最后对平滑处理后的图像进行签名认证。仿真结果表明,该算法具有高鲁棒性,能够抵抗裁剪、旋转、噪声等攻击,适用于医学、军事等领域的版权保护。     

DWT-SVD and DCT based robust and blind watermarking scheme for copyright protection

In this article, a new DWT-SVD and DCT with Arnold Cat Map encryption based robust and blind watermarking scheme is proposed for copyright protection. The proposed scheme solves the most frequently occurring watermarking security problems in Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based schemes which are unauthorized reading and false-positive detection. This scheme also optimizes fidelity and robustness characteristics. The grey image watermark splits into two parts using four bits MSBs and four bits LSBs of each pixel. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients of these MSBs and LSBs values are embedded into the middle singular value of each block having size 4 × 4 of the host image’s one level Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) sub-bands. The reason for incorporating Arnold Cat Map in the proposed scheme is to encode the watermark image before embedding it in the host image. The proposed scheme is a blind scheme and does not require the choice of scaling factor. Thus, the proposed scheme is secure as well as free from the false positive detection problem. The proposed watermarking scheme is tested for various malicious and non-malicious attacks. The experimental results demonstrate that the scheme is robust, imperceptible and secure to several attacks and common signal processing operations.     

基于奇异值分解的彩色图像数字水印算法

提出了一种基于奇异值分解的彩色图像数字水印算法,嵌入和提取水印均在RGB分量的空间域内进行。仿真结果表明,该算法不仅对几何失真具有很强的抵抗能力,而且对添加噪声、滤波及JPEG压缩也具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于HVS和小波变换的彩色图像水印算法

提出了一种将彩色水印图像嵌入到原始彩色图像中的数字水印算法.该算法对水印的加密采取了Arnold结合矩阵变换的方法,并利用人类视觉系统特性,将水印信息嵌入到载体图像多级小波分解后的中低频奇数行奇数列系数中.实验结果表明,该算法在对嵌入水印后的图像进行剪切、不规则色块污染、添加各种噪声等处理后,提取的水印表现出良好的鲁棒性,且主观视觉失真较小.     

双正交提升小波和奇异值分解的彩色水印算法研究

在现有彩色图像水印提取技术基础上, 提出一种结合9/7双正交提升小波和图像矩阵奇异值分解的彩色图像水印加密算法。首先将彩色原始图像和彩色水印图像R、G、B分离, 将图像相应分量进行提升小波三级分解得到低频部分, 并将该低频信息进行奇异值分解, 把水印信息视做扰动矩阵按一定的量加在低频信息的对角阵上, 其中彩色水印图像预处理结合了骑士巡游变换和Arnold置乱算法。实验结果表明算法在确保水印不可见性的基础上有效地增强了水印的强度和鲁棒性, 实现了水印图像的盲检验。