电容器

0622723 NiO/AC非对称超级电容器的研究[刊,中]/庄凯//西华大学学报(自然科学版)．—2006,26(1)．—6-7,13 (G)通过热处理球形Ni(OH)_2得到NiO粉末,将其作为正极与活性炭(AC)负极组装成非对称超级电容器,用恒流充放电测试分析了超级电容器的电容特性。讨论了正负极活性物质比例、充放电电流和热处理时间对超级电容器比电容量、内阻的影响。结果表明：正负极活性物质比为1：3,工作电流密度为200mA/g,当Ni (OH)_2的热处理时间为2h,充电电压为1．3V时,超级电容器的双电极比电容量可达7．15F/g。参9 0622724一种新颖的串联超级电容器组的电压均衡方法[刊,     

碳纳米管/氧化镍复合电极超大容量离子电容器

碳纳米管作为一种新型碳材料,具有质轻,高的有效比表面积和优良的导电性,是制备双电层电容器较为理想的电极材料。本文实验用硝酸回流处理碳纳米管,对其表面改性,通过sol-gel法在改性后的碳纳米管上沉积Ni(OH)2,经灼烧得到碳纳米管/氧化镍复合材料,制成电极装配成电容器单元。该电容器具有双电层电容和赝电容特性,其比电容量为160 F/g,频率响应特性较活性炭电极电容器有所提高,是一种极具发展潜力的储能器件。     

金属氧化物改性炭电极及EDLC性能研究

将市售活性炭用Ni(NO3)2及Co(NO3)2溶液浸渍后进行高温热解处理。采用BET、循环伏安、恒流充放电等测试手段,研究改性活性炭电极构成的双电层电容器(EDLC)性能。结果表明,由Ni(NO3)2及Co(NO3)2热解产生的NiO、CoO有显著的准电容效应,与活性炭原有的双电层电容构成了复合电容,因而改性炭的电容量有明显提高,质量比电容分别高达246.1,198.8 F/g,比原样炭的130.1 F/g分别提高了89.2%、52.8%。     

微波活化制备双电层电容器用活性炭的研究

以炭化椰壳为原料,微波活化制备出高比电容量双电层电容器用活性炭。考察了微波辐射时间、起电弧时间,以及KOH与炭化椰壳配比对活性炭比电容量的影响。结果表明,在微波辐射时间为7min,起电弧时间为5min,KOH与炭化料质量比约为3∶1时,比电容量达266.71F/g。以该活性炭作电极的双电层电容器具有良好的充放电性能和循环稳定性能。     

NiO制备工艺对超电容器比电容的影响

以硝酸镍为原料,采用sol-gel法制备Ni(OH)2,在不同温度下,用真空烧结炉和管式电阻炉对其热处理后得到NiO,与活性炭电极组成非对称超级电容器研究了NiO制备工艺对超电容器比电容影响。结果表明:Ni(OH)2经真空烧结炉处理所得NiO的比电容均高于管式电阻炉处理,在260℃保温时间为1 h真空度为0.5 Pa时比电容达最大481.15 F/g。     

FeCo2S4/Ni(OH)2的合成及超电容性能研究

将多组分活性材料组合成新的结构用作电极材料是提高超级电容器性能的一种有效措施。采用典型的两步水热法与电沉积法制备了FeCo2S4/Ni(OH)2复合纳米材料,并表征其物理及电化学性能。结果表明,FeCo2S4纳米花被电沉积上的Ni(OH)2纳米片包围,形成三维互连网状结构,有利于电极材料与电解液的充分接触。所得的FeCo2S4/Ni(OH)2复合电极材料显示出极高的比电容(当电流密度为1 A·g^-1时,比电容达1588.2 F·g^-1)、优异的倍率性能及循环稳定性。此外,以FeCo2S4/Ni(OH)2为正极、活性炭为负极组装了非对称超级电容器。结果显示,非对称超级电容器具有高能量密度及良好的循环稳定性。     

阻容元件

0619762氢氧化镍掺杂活性炭复合电化学电容器的研究[刊,中]／胡军／／西华大学学报(自然科学版)．-2006,25 (3)．-35-37,40(G)在活性炭中掺入一定量的Ni(OH)2作为电化学电容器的正极活性物质,通过恒流充放电测试考察了掺入Ni(OH)2的活性炭正极与纯活性炭负极组成的复合     

微波辐照石油焦制备双电层电容器用活性炭

以石油焦为原料,KOH为活化剂,采用微波辐照加热法,制备了石油焦基双电层电容器用活性炭。研究了石油焦与KOH活化剂的比例、微波功率以及微波辐照时间对活性炭孔径分布和比电容量的影响。结果表明:在KOH活化剂与石油焦的质量比为3.5∶1,微波功率800W和辐照时间7min时,制备的活性炭比表面积为2031.96m2/g,比电容量达286.79F/g,以该活性炭作电极的双电层电容器有良好的循环稳定性和充放电性能。     

微波法制备超级电容器用高性能活性炭电极材料

以石油焦为原料,KOH为活化剂,经微波加热活化,制备出了超级电容器用高性能活性炭电极材料。以制得的活性炭制成的电极片为电极,6mol/L的KOH溶液为电解液,组装了模拟电容器。研究了加热时间和碱焦比对活性炭比表面积及电容器性能的影响。研究表明:在KOH与石油焦按3∶1的质量比混合,微波辐射时间为15min时,制备的活性炭比表面积达2683m2/g,模拟电容器单电极比电容量达361F/g。     

实用化超电容器的制备与电化学性能的研究

使用高比表面积活性炭可以制备不同电容量、不同工作电压的超电容器,高比表面积活性炭的比电容量远高于普通活性炭。10 F(9V)、45 F、600 F的超电容器样品的测试结果表明,高比表面积活性炭电极的孔径结构不会影响电容器大电流充放电容量,电化学性能稳定,高比表面积活性炭是一种待开发的优良的超电容器电极材料。     

A High Energy Density Asymmetric Supercapacitor from Nano‐architectured Ni(OH)2/Carbon Nanotube Electrodes

The demand for advanced energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries has been increasing to meet the application requirements of hybrid vehicles and renewable energy systems. A major limitation of state‐of‐art supercapacitors lies in their relatively low energy density compared with lithium batteries although they have superior power density and cycle life. Here, we report an additive‐free, nano‐architectured nickel hydroxide/carbon nanotube (Ni(OH)₂/CNT) electrode for high energy density supercapacitors prepared by a facile two‐step fabrication method. This Ni(OH)₂/CNT electrode consists of a thick layer of conformable Ni(OH)₂ nano‐flakes on CNT bundles directly grown on Ni foams (NFs) with a very high areal mass loading of 4.85 mg cm^?2 for Ni(OH)₂. Our Ni(OH)₂/CNT/NF electrode demonstrates the highest specific capacitance of 3300 F g^?1 and highest areal capacitance of 16 F cm^?2, to the best of our knowledge. An asymmetric supercapacitor using the Ni(OH)₂/CNT/NF electrode as the anode assembled with an activated carbon (AC) cathode can achieve a high cell voltage of 1.8 V and an energy density up to 50.6 Wh/kg, over 10 times higher than that of traditional electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs).     

Advanced Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Ni(OH)2/Graphene and Porous Graphene Electrodes with High Energy Density

Hierarchical flowerlike nickel hydroxide decorated on graphene sheets has been prepared by a facile and cost‐effective microwave‐assisted method. In order to achieve high energy and power densities, a high‐voltage asymmetric supercapacitor is successfully fabricated using Ni(OH)₂/graphene and porous graphene as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. Because of their unique structure, both of these materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performances. The optimized asymmetric supercapacitor could be cycled reversibly in the high‐voltage region of 0–1.6 V and displays intriguing performances with a maximum specific capacitance of 218.4 F g^?1 and high energy density of 77.8 Wh kg^?1. Furthermore, the Ni(OH)₂/graphene//porous graphene supercapacitor device exhibits an excellent long cycle life along with 94.3% specific capacitance retained after 3000 cycles. These fascinating performances can be attributed to the high capacitance and the positive synergistic effects of the two electrodes. The impressive results presented here may pave the way for promising applications in high energy density storage systems.     

活性炭前处理对双电层电容器性能的影响

制备了沥青焦基活性炭双电层电容器用电极材料,将其分别经水洗、酸洗以及超音速气流粉碎处理。在1 mol/L(C2H5)4NBF4/碳酸丙烯酯电解液体系中进行电化学测试,对比评价了各活性炭前处理方法对电容器电化学性能的影响。结果表明,酸洗后活性炭电极比电容提高7%达到163 F/g,高功率放电性能明显改善,当电流密度由70 mA/g增加到1 A/g时,其电极比电容保持率为88%;活性炭进行超细粉碎后不利于电化学性能的提高。     

双电层电容器中单/双面涂覆电极的电化学性能比较

以KOH为活化剂,采用微波加热石油焦一步法制备了微孔活性炭。采用循环伏安和恒流放电法研究了双电层电容器中单面和双面涂覆的活性炭电极电化学性能。活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值为247.8mg·g–1,N2吸/脱附结果表明,活性炭比表面积为1037m2·g–1,微孔孔容为0.54m3·g–1。结果表明,1000次循环后,双面涂覆电极的比容、比容保持率和两电极电容器的能量密度保持率分别为227.3F·g–1、96.6%和97.4%均高于单面涂覆电极;而双面涂覆电极的内阻仅为0.42Ω,小于单面涂覆电极的内阻。     

Novel Core–Shell FeOF/Ni(OH)2 Hierarchical Nanostructure for All‐Solid‐State Flexible Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance

Well‐controlled core–shell hierarchical nanostructures based on oxyfluoride and hydroxide are for the first time rationally designed and synthesized via a simple solvothermal and chemical precipitation route, in which FeOF nanorod acts as core and porous Ni(OH)₂ nanosheets as shell. When evaluated as electrodes for supercapacitors, a high specific capacitance of 1452 F g^?1 can be obtained at a current density of 1 A g^?1. Even as the current density increases to 10 A g^?1, the core–shell hybrid still reserves a noticeable capacitance of 1060 F g^?1, showing an excellent rate capacity. Furthermore, all‐solid‐state flexible asymmetric supercapacitor based on the FeOF/Ni(OH)₂ hybrid as a positive electrode and activated carbon as a negative electrode shows high power density, high energy density, and long cycling lifespan. The excellent electrochemical performance of the FeOF/Ni(OH)₂ core–shell hybrid is ascribed to the unique microstructure and synergistic effects. FeOF nanorod from FeF₃ by partial substitution of fluorine with oxygen behaves as a low intrinsic resistance, thus facilitating charge transfer processes. While the hierarchical Ni(OH)₂ nanosheets with large surface area provide enough active sites for redox chemical reactions, leading to greatly enhanced electrochemical activity. The well‐controllable oxyfluoride/hydroxide hybrid is inspiring, opening up a new way to design new electrodes for next‐generation all‐solid‐state supercapacitors.     

Ternary Hybrids of Amorphous Nickel Hydroxide–Carbon Nanotube‐Conducting Polymer for Supercapacitors with High Energy Density,Excellent Rate Capability,and Long Cycle Life

The utilization of Ni(OH)₂ as a pseudocapacitive material for high performance supercapacitors is hindered by its low electrical conductivity and short cycle life. A coaxial ternary hybrid material comprising of amorphous Ni(OH)₂ deposited on multiwalled carbon nanotubes wrapped with conductive polymer (poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate)) is demonstrated. A thin layer of disordered amorphous Ni(OH)₂ is deposited by an effective “coordinating etching and precipitating” method, resulting in an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 3262 F g^?1 at 5 mV s^?1 and excellent rate capability (71.9% capacitance retention at 100 mV s^?1). More importantly, the polymer layer prevents the degradation of the nanostructure and dis­solution of Ni ion during repeated charge–discharge cycling for 30 000 cycles, a phenomenon which often plagues Ni(OH)₂ nanomaterials. Using the ternary Ni(OH)₂ hybrid and the reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube hybrid as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitors exhibit high energy density of 58.5 W h kg^?1 at the power density of 780 W kg^?1 as well as long cycle life (86% capacitance retention after 30 000 cycles). The ternary hybrid architecture design for amorphous Ni(OH)₂ can be regarded as a general approach to obtain pseudocapacitive materials for supercapacitors with both high energy density, excellent rate capability, and long cycle life.