Efficient DPCA SAR imaging with fast iterative spectrum reconstruction method

The displaced phase center antenna(DPCA)technique is an effective strategy to achieve wide-swath synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imaging with high azimuth resolution.However,traditionally,it requires strict limitation of the pulse repetition frequency(PRF)to avoid non-uniform sampling.Otherwise,any deviation could bring serious ambiguity if the data are directly processed using a matched filter.To break this limitation,a recently proposed spectrum reconstruction method is capable of recovering the true spectrum from the nonuniform samples.However,the performance is sensitive to the selection of the PRF.Sparse regularization based imaging may provide a way to overcome this sensitivity.The existing time-domain method,however,requires a large-scale observation matrix to be built,which brings a high computational cost.In this paper,we propose a frequency domain method,called the iterative spectrum reconstruction method,through integration of the sparse regularization technique with spectrum analysis of the DPCA signal.By approximately expressing the observation in the frequency domain,which is realized via a series of decoupled linear operations,the method performs SAR imaging which is then not directly based on the observation matrix,which reduces the computational cost from O(N2)to O(N log N)(where N is the number of range cells),and is therefore more efficient than the time domain method.The sparse regularization scheme,realized via a fast thresholding iteration,has been adopted in this method,which brings the robustness of the imaging process to the PRF selection.We provide a series of simulations and ground based experiments to demonstrate the high efficiency and robustness of the method.The simulations show that the new method is almost as fast as the traditional mono-channel algorithm,and works well almost independently of the PRF selection.Consequently,the suggested method can be accepted as a practical and efficient wide-swath SAR imaging technique.     

基于L1范数的全变分正则化超分辨重构算法

针对结构化照明显微成像系统的超分辨图像重构算法存在边界振铃效应、噪声免疫性差的问题,提出了一种基于L1范数的全变分正则化超分辨图像重构算法（简称L1/TV重构算法）。从结构化显微成像模型入手,分析了传统算法的设计原理和局限性;论述了L1/TV重构算法的原理,采用L1范数对重构图像保真度进行约束,并利用全变分正则化有效克服了重构过程的病态性,保护了重构图像边缘。对比研究传统重构算法和L1/TV重构算法的性能。实验结果表明：L1/TV重构算法具有更强的抗噪声干扰能力,重构图像空间分辨率更高。     

The essential ability of sparse reconstruction of different compressive sensing strategies

We show the essential ability of sparse signal reconstruction of different compressive sensing strategies,which include the L1 regularization,the L0 regularization(thresholding iteration algorithm and OMP algorithm),the Lq(0 < q ≤ 1) regularizations,the Log regularization and the SCAD regularization.Taking phase diagram as the basic tool for analysis,we find that(i) the solutions of the L0 regularization using hard thresholding algorithm and OMP algorithm are similar to those of the L1 regularization;(ii) the Lq regularization with the decreasing value of q,the Log regularization and the SCAD regularization can attain sparser solutions than the L1 regularization;(iii) the L1/2 regularization can be taken as a representative of the Lq(0 < q < 1) regularizations.When 1/2 < q < 1,the L1/2 regularization always yields the sparsest solutions and when 0 < q < 1/2 the performance of the regularizations takes no significant difference.The results of this paper provide experimental evidence for our previous work.     

基于L1/2正则化的超分辨率图像重建算法

为提高图像重建质量,研究超分辨率图像重建技术与稀疏表示理论,提出一种基于L1/2正则化的超分辨率图像重建算法.将L1/2正则化理论运用到字典学习中,利用学习得到的字典重建高分辨率图像.实验结果表明,该算法的图像重建效果优于基于L1正则化的超分辨率图像重建算法.     

一种具有最优收敛速度的正则化境面下降算法

Pegasos算法是求解大规模支持向量机问题的有效方法,在随机梯度下降过程中植入多阶段循环步骤,能使该算法得到最优的收敛速度O(1/T)。COMID算法是由镜面下降算法推广得到的正则化随机形式,可保证正则化项的结构,但对于强凸的优化问题,该算法的收敛速度仅为O(logT/T)。为此,在COMID算法中引入多阶段循环步骤,提出一种求解L1+L2混合正则化项问题的最优正则化镜面下降算法,证明其具有最优的收敛速度O(1/T),以及与COMID算法相同的稀疏性。在大规模数据库上的实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和所提算法的有效性。     

正则化参数求解方法研究

针对BP神经网络算法训练过程中出现的过拟合问题,提出了利用一阶原点矩,二阶原点矩,方差和极大似然估计概念的推广来计算L2正则化中正则化参数λ值的方法。该方法通过对算法数据集[X,Y]中的X矩阵进行运算得到的四个λ值,BP神经网络算法训练时通常采用的是贝叶斯正则化方法,贝叶斯正则化方法存在着对先验分布和数据分布依赖等问题,而利用上述概念的推广计算的参数代入L2正则化的方法简便没有应用条件限制;在BP神经网络手写数字识别的实验中,将该方法与贝叶斯正则化方法应用到实验中后的算法识别结果进行比较,正确率提高了1.14-1.50个百分点;因而计算得到的λ值应用到L2正则化方法与贝叶斯正则化方法相比更能使得BP神经网络算法的泛化能力强,证明了该算法的有效性。     

SAR图像目标识别的卷积神经网模型

目的 合成孔径雷达图像目标识别可以有效提高合成孔径雷达数据的利用效率。针对合成孔径雷达图像目标识别滤波处理耗时长、识别精度不高的问题,本文提出一种卷积神经网络模型应用于合成孔径雷达图像目标识别。方法 首先,针对合成孔径雷达图像特点设计特征提取部分的网络结构;其次,代价函数中引入L2范数提高模型的抗噪性能和泛化性;再次,全连接层使用Dropout减小网络的运算量并提高泛化性;最后研究了滤波对于网络模型的收敛速度和准确率的影响。结果 实验使用美国运动和静止目标获取与识别数据库,10类目标识别的实验结果表明改进后的卷积神经网络整体识别率（包含变体）由93.76%提升至98.10%。通过设置4组对比实验说明网络结构的改进和优化的有效性。卷积神经网络噪声抑制实验验证了卷积神经网络的特征提取过程对于SAR图像相干斑噪声有抑制作用,可以省去耗时的滤波处理。结论 本文提出的卷积神经网络模型提高了网络的准确率、泛化性,无需耗时的滤波处理,是一种合成孔径雷达图像目标识别的有效方法。     

L1+L2正则化逻辑斯蒂模型分类算法

提出一种L1+L2范数正则化逻辑斯蒂模型分类算法。该算法引入L2范数正则化,解决L1正则化逻辑斯蒂算法迭代过程奇异问题,通过引入样本向量的扩展和新的权值向量完成L1范数非平滑问题,最终使用共轭梯度方法求解经过转化的最优化问题。在各种实际数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法优于L2范数、L1范数和Lp范数正则化逻辑斯蒂模型,具有较好的特征选择和分类性能。     

L1范数的总变分正则化超分辨率图像重建

超分辨率图像重建技术能够综合利用多帧离散图像、多组视频序列、或单帧图像与训练样本图像之间的互补信息,重建质量更好、空间分辨率更高的图像数据,弥补原有图像数据空间分辨率的不足,提高图像空间解像力和清晰度。介绍了基于正则化方法的超分辨率图像重建的研究现状和以正则化为基础的几种重建方法在近几年的研究和发展趋势。在此基础上,采用L1范数对重建图像保真度进行约束,利用总变分正则化克服重建问题的病态性,有效地保持了图像的边缘。实现了对包含文字信息的图像的正则化超分辨率重建,实验验证了方法的有效性。     

A novel Scan SAR imaging method for maritime surveillance via Lp regularization

In this article, a novel Scan mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging method for maritime surveillance is presented. Conventional Scan SAR is generally operated with severe azimuth resolution loss in order to cover a large area. The proposed imaging method changes the way Scan SAR illuminates sub-scenes and presents a new radar illuminating strategy based on ships’ spatial distribution in each sub-scene. To gain ships’ spatial distribution, a scene sensing algorithm based on radar range profiles together with a peak-seeking and clustering algorithm is introduced. After that, a Markov transfer-probability matrix is generated to make sure that radar illuminates each sub-scene randomly under the probability we calculated before. Finally, an imaging algorithm within the L_p (0 < p ≤ 1) regularization framework is utilized to reconstruct each sub-scene; the regularization problem is solved by an improved iterative thresholding algorithm. The whole wide swath image is joined by putting all the sub-scenes together. Experimental results support that the proposed imaging method can perform high-resolution wide swath SAR imaging effectively and efficiently without reducing the image resolution.     

在多尺度Contourlet域中的SAR图像正则化超分辨

针对SAR图像超分辨重构问题,建立了基于多尺度Contourlet域的正则化模型。在选取正则化参数时,提出一种自适应确定方法,该方法无需知道噪声大小和图像的先验知识,提高了确定正则化参数的准确性;求解模型时用FR共轭梯度法来改善算法的收敛性。将该算法分别与空域中正则化算法和小波域中正则化算法进行了比较,仿真实验结果表明,该算法较好地再现了各种边缘信息,其重构结果均优于其他两种方法。     

基于次梯度的L1正则化Hinge损失问题求解研究

Hinge损失函数是支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)成功的关键,L1正则化在稀疏学习的研究中起关键作用.鉴于两者均是不可导函数,高阶梯度信息无法使用.利用随机次梯度方法系统研究L1正则化项的Hinge损失大规模数据问题求解.首先描述了直接次梯度方法和投影次梯度方法的随机算法形式,并对算法的收敛性和收敛速度进行了理论分析.大规模真实数据集上的实验表明,投影次梯度方法对于处理大规模稀疏数据具有更快的收敛速度和更好的稀疏性.实验进一步阐明了投影阈值对算法稀疏度的影响.     

基于L1与TV正则化的改进图像重建算法

针对不完全投影数据图像重建中出现伪影和噪点的问题,提出了L1与TV同时进行正则化的图像重建模型。基于该重建模型,通过将Bregman迭代和TV软阈值滤波相结合,进一步提出了一种图像重建算法。该算法首先将投影数据通过优化的Bregman迭代算法进行初步重建,然后使用TV软阈值滤波对改造的全变分模型进行二次重建,最后判断是否满足设定的收敛阈值,若满足则结束重建,输出重建图像,否则重复进行上述两步操作,直至迭代完成。实验采用不添加噪声的Shepp-Logan模型与添加噪声的Abdomen模型来验证算法的有效性,证明了所提出的算法在视觉上均优于ART,LSQR,LSQT-STF,BTV等典型的图像重建算法,同时通过多项评价指标对比表明所提出的算法有明显优势。实验结果表明,所提算法在图像重建中能够有效去除条形伪影并保护图像细节,同时具有良好的抗噪性。     

Doherty功放的贝叶斯正则化神经网络逆向建模研究

针对直接逆向建模方法精度低、稳定性差等缺点,提出了一种采用规则化函数为L1/2范数的贝叶斯正则化神经网络逆向建模方法,L1/2正则化使得网络结构具有稀疏性,能够缩小网络的规模、加快网络的训练速度,用贝叶斯正则化方法可以使网络的输出更加平滑,提高网络的稳定性和泛化能力。将此方法应用到Doherty功率放大器的设计中,在已知Doherty主功放效率、输出匹配端的S11和S21的情况下,分别仿真得出相对应的输出功率和f,可以简化设计过程。实验结果表明,此逆向模型求得的输出功率、与S11相对的f、与S21相对的f比直接逆向建模方法的均方误差分别减少了8.83%、9.30%和9.00%,运行时间分别减少了99.34%、99.40%和99.23%,解决了设计中的多解问题,可用于设计射频微波器件。     

编码曝光图像的L0正则化去模糊重建方法

目标的运动会导致其成像模糊。为了从模糊的图像中恢复清晰的目标图像,本文采用了编码曝光成像技术。与传统相机成像中快门一直处于开启的状态不同,编码曝光相机成像是在快门开启和闭合转换过程中成像。由于在时域快速转换的编码等效为频域较宽的滤波器,因此编码曝光成像有效地保留了目标的高频信息。为了从编码曝光图像中清晰地复原图像,本文设计了能保留图像高频细节的L ₀正则项约束的图像重建和模糊核估计方法。通过待重建图像与模糊核的交替迭代更新来完成图像重建。仿真合成图像和实际采集图像的实验表明,本方法对多种运动产生的模糊均有良好的图像复原效果。     

基于Bregman迭代的CT图像重建算法

针对大规模集成电路领域CT重建图像的特点,提出TV约束条件下采用l1范数作正则项的重建模型,并给出了基于Bregman迭代的模型求解算法.算法分为两步: 1)采用Bregman迭代求解图像的l1范数作为正则项,误差的加权l2范数作为保真项的约束极值问题;2) 采用TV约束对1)中得到的重建图像进行修正.算法对TV约束条件下采用l1作正则项的重建模型分开求解,降低了算法的复杂度,加快了收敛速度.算法在稀疏投影数据下可以快速重建CT图像且质量较好.本文采用经典的Shepp-Logan图像进行仿真实验并对实际得到的电路板投影数据进行重建,结果表明该算法可满足重建质量要求且重建速度有较大提升.     

Blind Deblurring Based on L0Norm from Salient Edges简

Motion deblurring is a basic problem in the field of image processing and analysis. This paper proposes a new method of single image blind deblurring which can be significant to kernel estimation and non-blind deconvolution. Experiments show that the details of the image destroy the structure of the kernel, especially when the blur kernel is large. So we extract the image structure with salient edges by the method based on RTV. In addition, the traditional method for motion blur kernel estimation based on sparse priors is conducive to gain a sparse blur kernel. But these priors do not ensure the continuity of blur kernel and sometimes induce noisy estimated results. Therefore we propose the kernel refinement method based on L0 to overcome the above shortcomings. In terms of non-blind deconvolution we adopt the L1/L2 regularization term. Compared with the traditional method, the method based on L1/L2 norm has better adaptability to image structure, and the constructed energy functional can better describe the sharp image. For this model, an effective algorithm is presented based on alternating minimization algorithm.     

基于自适应正则化的东北虎重识别方法

随着东北虎数量不断减少,识别单只老虎进而做出保护和追踪变得很有意义,故采用了一种基于局部分块和自适应L2正则化方法的东北虎重识别网络模型(part-based convolutional baseline-adaptiveL2,PCB-AL2)以解决在自然环境下东北虎重识别困难等问题.自适应L2正则化因子通过反向传播进...     

A fast and adaptive method for complex-valued SAR image denoising based on <Emphasis Type="Italic">l</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis></Subscript> norm regularization

This paper developed a fast and adaptive method for SAR complex image denoising based on l _k norm regularization, as viewed from parameters estimation. We firstly establish the relationship between denoising model and ill-posed inverse problem via convex half-quadratic regularization, and compare the difference between the estimator variance obtained from the iterative formula and biased Cramer-Rao bound, which proves the theoretic flaw of the existent methods of parameter selection. Then, the analytic expression of the model solution as the function with respect to the regularization parameter is obtained. On this basis, we study the method for selecting the regularization parameter through minimizing mean-square error of estimators and obtain the final analytic expression, which resulted in the direct calculation, high processing speed, and adaptability. Finally, the effect of regularization parameter selection on the resolution of point targets is analyzed. The experiment results of simulation and real complex-valued SAR images illustrate the validity of the proposed method. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60572136), the Fundamental Research Fund of NUDT (Grant No. JC0702005)     

基于多孔多方向小波的SAR图像正则化超分辨重构

针对SAR图像超分辨重构问题,建立了基于多孔多方向小波域的正则化模型。在选取正则化参数时,提出一种自适应确定方法,该方法无需知道噪声大小和图像的先验知识,提高了确定正则化参数的准确性;求解模型时用FR共轭梯度法来改善算法的收敛性。最后将该算法分别与空域中正则化算法和小波域及轮廓波域中正则化算法进行了比较,仿真实验结果表明,该算法较好地再现了各种边缘信息,其重构结果均优于其他三种方法。