基于似然比检验的红外小弱目标快速航迹起始方法

利用红外测量跟踪系统获取目标信号幅度信息,提出了一种基于序列似然比检验的小弱运动目标航迹快速起始方法。用动态2维分配算法关联量测-航迹,采用序列似然比检验衡量航迹质量,一旦似然函数比达到阈值则确认目标航迹。该方法可根据目标信噪比不同采取不同帧数来起始、确认目标航迹,做到信噪比越大起始帧数越少,目标航迹检测概率越高,而信噪比越小则起始帧数越多。理论分析和试验结果表明,该方法既能提高航迹起始速度,又能提高目标航迹检测概率,避免和解决了M/N逻辑法需要固定扫描帧数才能确认航迹的局限性。     

基于海天线的红外掠海小目标跟踪

针对红外掠海小目标对比度低,容易受到噪声、海面杂波、云层等干扰,导致跟踪失败的问题,提出了一种基于海天线的红外掠海小目标跟踪方法。通过对红外成像系统进行分析,利用拉普拉斯滤波抑制背景噪声,根据图像中海天线的位置信息,确定目标所在区域并进行目标检测。检测出可疑目标后,利用其灰度、尺寸、面积等特征信息,选出真实目标进行跟踪。实验结果表明,该算法对红外掠海小目标有很好的跟踪效果。     

基于多特征融合的复杂背景下弱小多目标检测和跟踪算法

针对红外弱小多目标的检测和跟踪难题,提出一种基于多特征融合的复杂背景下弱小多目标检测和跟踪算法.融合红外弱小运动目标的灰度特征、梯度特征、运动特征等多个典型特性,进行复杂背景下弱小多目标的检测和跟踪.实验证明:该算法应用于复杂背景下低信噪比的红外弱小多目标图像序列能得到较理想的结果,算法检测概率高、检测速度快、具有较强鲁棒性.     

红外凝视系统下的多规则航迹起始算法

针对传统航迹起始算法在红外凝视跟踪系统应用中存在的弊端,提出了一种适用于凝视跟踪系统的多规则快速航迹起始算法.该方法通过深入分析红外凝视系统中目标自身特点及其运动特性,给出了能够对低速甚至静止的大威胁概率目标和断续点迹目标进行威胁概率判断和航向方差判断的起始规则,实现了凝视系统下对大威胁概率目标和断续点迹目标航迹的快速...     

一种基于纹理特征的红外成像目标跟踪方法

提出了一种基于LBP（Local Binary Pattern)纹理特征的红外成像目标跟踪方法,将LBP纹理特征集成到了核跟踪方法中.根据目标各区域对背景的区分能力不同,提出了目标各区域置信度的评价方法,用基于区域置信度及空间距离核加权的LBP特征概率密度函数,构造了目标及候选目标的特征模型.通过相似性度量,利用均值漂移方法实现了基于纹理特征的红外成像目标跟踪.实验结果验证了该算法在红外成像目标跟踪中较基于灰度的均值漂移跟踪算法更为鲁棒.     

基于多特征融合的复杂背景下弱小多目标检测和跟踪算法

针对红外弱小多目标的检测和跟踪难题,提出一种基于多特征融合的复杂背景下弱小多目标检测和跟踪算法.融合红外弱小运动目标的灰度特征、梯度特征、运动特征等多个典型特性,进行复杂背景下弱小多目标的检测和跟踪.实验证明：该算法应用于复杂背景下低信噪比的红外弱小多目标图像序列能得到较理想的结果,算法检测概率高、检测速度快、具有较强鲁棒性.     

融合两类跟踪框架优点的红外目标跟踪算法

基于粒子滤波的算法模型框架,针对红外的目标成像与背景对比度低、背景复杂等问题,进行提取目标灰度特征,通过对系统概率的密度函数的采样集进行了预测和更新,来逼近系统的后验密度概率,初步确定目标位置,再融合均值漂移算法进行小区域精确搜索,确定目标位置。同时,通过调整均值漂移的算法和函数的带宽,对于红外目标有阻挡情况下的识别能够得到有效处理。通过仿真得到该模型具有算法高效、去除粒子的退化,并且对于有遮挡的红外目标能够进行实时稳定地跟踪。     

基于结构信息建模和判别稀疏的红外小目标跟踪方法

为了提高背景杂波和成像噪声等干扰下红外小目标的跟踪精度,提出了一种基于结构信息建模和判别稀疏的红外小目标跟踪方法。小目标信号在广义高斯目标超完备字典上被稀疏分解,以便从受噪声干扰和杂波污染的红外图像中提取出小目标的空间结构信息;设计了转移受限粒子滤波跟踪算法,以提高粒子的采样概率;在转移受限粒子滤波框架下,基于判别稀疏表示和L_1范数最小化框架求解候选目标的稀疏系数,实现小目标的跟踪。基于各种红外序列对所提方法进行实验论证,实验结果表明,所提方法能够在杂波和噪声较大的干扰下稳定地跟踪小目标,其中心误差、重叠率和平均视频播放帧率分别为3pixel、0.7和40fps,均优于其他对比方法,且具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于追踪补偿的运动物体计算关联成像方法

计算关联成像是利用成像物体的反射或透射信号与结构化的参考光进行多次关联成像,具有了灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强等优点。当物体和计算关联成像系统存在相对运动时,在成像过程中物体的反射或透射信号与参考光的光场涨落失去关联性,进而会产生运动模糊。从二阶关联函数的角度推导了运动成像导致模糊的原因以及追踪补偿原理;恢复计算关联成像系统中参考光和桶探测器收集的光强值的关联性,实现了计算关联成像中的追踪补偿策略;计算机仿真解释了计算关联成像光路中对物体平移干扰进行补偿的策略,证实了该追踪补偿方法对运动物体成像的有效性,克服了物体与成像系统之间的相对运动引起的成像质量下降。方法为关联成像对运动物体的识别、跟踪、遥感和实时在线成像提供了技术手段。     

光子成像静止点目标的管道滤波探测方法

构建了具有单光子成像能力的光子成像系统,提出应用管道滤波方法实现对光子受限静止点目标的探测。分析了光子图像静止点目标与点状噪声特征,根据静止点目标在序列图像中位置的确定性以及噪声点的不相关性,研究了基于管道滤波的光子成像静止点目标探测方法。为降低目标探测的虚警概率,优化了管道滤波直径。以实验采集得到的多组光子图像序列为样本,获得了探测概率、虚警概率与信号光子数、噪声光子数、管道长度以及检测阈值的关系。检测结果显示,对信号与噪声的平均发生率为0.4和5.215的序列图像,当管道长度为9、检测阈值为2时,探测概率达0.9以上且虚警概率〈0.08。对比多组图像序列的检测结果表明,影响探测概率的主要参数是信号光子数,而影响虚警概率的主要参数是噪声光子数。     

Small moving infrared space target tracking algorithm based on probabilistic data association filter

Numerous false alarms for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) would seriously debase the performance for infrared low observable (LO) space target tracking. Due to the motion (i.e. azimuth, elevation and their derivative velocity), amplitude and size of infrared target are almost invariable and highly correlative, a multi-feature association approach based on probabilistic data association (PDA) is presented to track target in this paper. Firstly, the motion, amplitude and size of target are modeled as stationary random signal afforded Gaussian distribution. The probability of motion, amplitude and size of measurement originated as the target of interest is then estimated by Gaussian distribution, and that of false alarm is distributed uniformly. Subsequently, the combined probability of motion, amplitude and size is derived by PDA, and their weight coefficients are estimated adaptively according to their fluctuations. Finally, the relevant parameters including combination measurement are predicted and updated. Some experiments are included and the results show that the performance of target tracking by the proposed approach is significantly enhanced.     

动态红外三角形目标及干扰模拟技术研究

针对圆型目标模拟器模拟来袭飞机或导弹等红外三角形目标逼真模拟问题,研究了动态红外三角形模拟技术。采用等腰三角形的几何原理,提出一种新型大小和方向连续可变而质心不变的等腰三角形光阑设计方法,实现了0~3大小、0~360方向动态可调的三角形目标;采用红外宽光谱偏振器组合技术,实现了目标源或干扰源的辐射强度0~100%的连续变化;采用二维平移台及可变圆形光阑,实现了干扰的大小变化及其轨迹变化;研究了基于Windows操作系统的实时控制技术,设计了包括MFC和RTSS双进程的主控软件,实现了控制指令500 s的实时响应。试验结果表明,带有干扰源的动态红外三角形模拟器能逼真模拟来袭飞机或导弹及释放诱饵的红外辐射特性变化过程。     

基于运动方向估计的管道滤波算法

管道滤波算法提出了从时域角度解决弱小目标检测问题的思路,对于红外强起伏天空背景中弱点目标的检测问题,管道内强噪音的干扰以及低信噪比的条件会导致检测概率降低的情况出现.本文提出了一种运动方向估计的管道滤波算法,分析了红外弱点目标的运动特性,依据弱点目标在相邻帧间位置具有连贯性的特征,建立了弱点目标的运动方向估计模型.在模型中利用弱点目标逐帧检测的先验位置信息,估计弱点目标的运动方向和轨迹,根据估计结果去除管道内噪音对弱点目标的干扰.仿真结果表明,该方法能够很好地抑制管道内噪音的影响,提高弱点目标的检测概率,增强弱点目标抗管道内噪音干扰的能力.     

Bearings-Only Target Motion Analysis Using a Dual-Waveband Infrared System

Infrared systems are widely used for target detection, designation and tracking. For example, an Infrared Search and Track (IRST) system, as a typical airborne or shipboard detecting device, is widely equipped for the remote target detection and tracking. In recent years, the problem of target motion analysis (TMA) and tracking has been studied increasingly extensively. In an airborne infrared system, the problem becomes more difficult due to absence of range information. In this paper, the infrared model and motion model of typical aerial targets are described. An airborne dual-waveband IRST system, which is quite familiar nowadays, is choosed for implementation of target motion analysis. Based on the above, a novel and more practical algorithm of target tracking via bearings-only measurements is formed and the major parameters are defined according to a typical airborne dual-waveband IRST system. Finally, data simulation is implemented, and the results demonstrate the new algorithm has a better performance than before for bearings-only target tracking.     

基于背景运动补偿的红外目标运动分析

 介绍了基于运动补偿的红外目标运动分析方法。阐述了运动补偿的必要性、过程原理和实现方法，并用之于对红外运动目标的视频跟踪，通过用背景运动量补偿目标的相对运动量，得到明确而直观的目标运动轨迹，有效地揭示了目标运动的内在规律，为红外目标的轨迹预测与跟踪提供了更有效的分析依据。     

Infrared small moving target detection using sparse representation-based image decomposition

Infrared small moving target detection is one of the crucial techniques in infrared search and tracking systems. This paper presents a novel small moving target detection method for infrared image sequence with complicated background. The key points are given as follows: (1) since target detection mainly depends on the incoherence between target and background, the proposed method separate the target from the background according to the morphological feature diversity between target and background; (2) considering the continuity of target motion in time domain, the target trajectory is extracted by the RX filter in random projection. The experiments on various clutter background sequences have validated the detection capability of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can robustly provide a higher detection probability and a lower false alarm rate than baseline methods.     

基于光流直方图的云背景下低帧频小目标探测方法

对低帧频、云层背景下,低信噪比的弱点目标探测率降低的问题.提出了光流直方图(OFH)的定义.并且给出了OFH的性质.分析了低帧频下红外图像探测弱点目标时探测率降低的原凶,提出了一种基于OFH背景补偿的红外点目标探测算法.利用OFH得到背景的运动欠量.进行运动背景补偿;然后利用目标与云层运动差异性,得到帧间比较结果,并对比较结果通过Robinson滤波器进一步滤除残留的边缘,达到降低虚警的目的.实验结果表明,该算法中以显著提高往复杂背景下红外点目标检测概率,并凡能够探测出信噪比为1的目标.     

Detection of infrared small target based on fusion of multi-filters北大核心CSCD

Aiming at solving accuracy problem of infrared small target detection in sky and ocean background scenarios of infrared image sequences, a novel infrared small target detection based on multi-filters algorithm fusion method is presented in this paper. Firstly infrared small target and imaging, time and space characteristics of the corresponding background noise are analyzed. Tophat algorithm with improved Robinson guard filter are then integrated to highlight target and suppress clutter background by using infrared small target imaging features. Adaptive threshold segmentation is used to extract candidate targets, while Unger smoothing filter and multi-objects association filter are used to eliminate random noise and false targets in the candidate targets. Multiple experiments of infrared small target image sequences are implemented, and experimental results show that proposed method can detect infrared small targets at 99% detection rate with high reliability and good real-time performance. © 2017, Editorial Board, Journal of Applied Optics. All right reserved.     

Hybrid multi-resolution detection of moving targets in infrared imagery

A hybrid moving target detection approach in multi-resolution framework for thermal infrared imagery is presented. Background subtraction and optical flow methods are widely used to detect moving targets. However, each method has some pros and cons which limits the performance. Conventional background subtraction is affected by dynamic noise and partial extraction of targets. Fast independent component analysis based background subtraction is efficient for target detection in infrared image sequences; however the noise increases for small targets. Well known motion detection method is optical flow. Still the method produces partial detection for low textured images and also computationally expensive due to gradient calculation for each pixel location. The synergistic approach of conventional background subtraction, fast independent component analysis and optical flow methods at different resolutions provide promising detection of targets with reduced time complexity. The dynamic background noise is compensated by the background update. The methodology is validated with benchmark infrared image datasets as well as experimentally generated infrared image sequences of moving targets in the field under various conditions of varying illumination, ambience temperature and the distance of the target from the sensor location. The significant value of F-measure validates the efficiency of the proposed methodology with high confidence of detection and low false alarms.     

空中目标多波段红外辐射特性描述与仿真分析

针对空中目标在复杂背景下的探测需求,根据实际目标的运动特性,分析目标在飞行高度、飞行姿态角改变时的辐射特点,基于MODTRAN计算得到大气辐射和衰减数据,建立目标的三维模型、热辐射和反射模型,搭建空中目标的红外成像仿真系统.分析和仿真结果表明:在中波波段,目标尾焰的红外辐射比蒙皮强很多,在长波波段,蒙皮的红外辐射比较强,仿真图像的细节比较多,尾焰的红外辐射虽然有所减弱,红外成像效果依旧很好;相同探测条件下,由于位置越高大气越稀薄,探测器的可探测距离会变得比较远.目标红外辐射特性的分析和红外仿真系统的搭建对缩短红外探测器的研制周期和进一步确定探测器波段和系统分辨率等指标提供了参考依据.